| 释义 |
▪ I. repel, v.|rɪˈpɛl|
Also 5–6 repelle, 6–7 (9) repell.
[ad. L. repellĕre, f. re- re- + pellĕre to drive: cf. compel, impel, etc.]
†1. trans. To drive or put away; to remove, extinguish, quench. Obs.
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) III. 471 Water dothe repelle [L. extinguit] oure naturalle thurste, and golde your thurste. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 85/2 Thenne was it thyng couenable that he that shold repelle this defaulte shold be born of a vyrgyne. a1586Montgomerie Misc. Poems xvii. 39 Leid, Ane hevy mettall cauld and deid, Repelling loue,..And quencher of desyre. c1586C'tess Pembroke Ps. cv. xi, [God] their hunger to repel, Candies the grasse with sweete congealed dew.
2. To drive or force back (an assailant or invader, an attack, etc.); to repulse. Also const. from, † out of, † into, † to.
c1450Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 106 Hese [Satan's] grete males, good Lord, repelle, And take man onto thi grace. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lxxvi. 5 A pray to deid, quhome vane is to repell. 1566Form Com. Prayer in Liturg. Serv. Q. Eliz. (Parker Soc.) 527 The Turks..most fiercely assailing the Isle of Malta..were from thence repelled and driven. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage ix. viii. (1614) 867 They..land in another place, but are repelled to their ships by the Inhabitants. 1678Wanley Wond. Lit. World v. ii. §66. 471/2 Henry, the brother of Baldwin, repelled the Bulgarians out of Greece. 1717Pope Iliad xi. 680 So turn'd stern Ajax, by whole hosts repell'd. 1821–2Shelley Chas. I, iv. 43 Repelling invasion from the sacred towers. 1859Thackeray Virgin. vi, The small body of provincial troops with which he marched to repel the Frenchmen.
absol.1595Markham Sir R. Grenvile F iv, He repeld them whilst repell he might, Till fainting power was tane from power to fight. 1764Goldsm. Trav. 344 Here..Minds combat minds, repelling and repell'd.
b. To resist, repress (a feeling, incentive, etc.).
1586A. Day Eng. Secretary ii. (1625) 37 What sonne will for any zeale or duty once seeke to repell his owne appetite? 1667Milton P.L. viii. 643 Perfect within, no outward aid require; And all temptation to transgress repel. 1817Shelley Rev. Islam iv. xvii, The hopes which inly dwell, My manners note that I did long repel. 1877C. Geikie Christ I. xxvii. 438 Evil thoughts count as acts with the Eternal, if not at once repelled.
c. Med. To force back into the blood or system; to repress (a morbid humour, swelling, eruption, etc.). Now rare or Obs.
1719[see repelling vbl. n.]. 1727Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Tumour, The other [method] is to stop and repel 'em; which is call'd Repercussion, that sends 'em back to their Source. 1753Bartlet Farriery 297 It being thought..unsafe to repel some of these discharges. 1822–34[see Repelled below].
†3. To reject or debar (a person) from an office, right, etc. Also without const. Obs.
1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 251 Sen women be the law commoun ar repellit, and by put, us think that the quene may nocht be juge in the cas. 1536–7in Bolton Stat. Irel. (1621) 142 By authoritie of this Parliament unhabled and repelled from the exercising, receiving, or occupying of that office for ever. 1566T. Stapleton Ret. Untr. Jewel i. 1 If any coming to the communion duly and semely prepared be repelled of the priest. 1766Blackstone Comm. II. 498 It shall be sufficient to repel the husband from his general right of administring his wife's effects.
†b. To stop, hinder, or restrain (a person) from an action or manner of acting. Obs.
1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 168/2 Many letters by whyche thou repellyd moche folke fro doyng sacrefyse to our goddes. 1609Bible (Douay) 2 Macc. v. 18 This man also immediately as he came had bene scourged, and repelled verily from his boldnes. 1617Moryson Itin. i. 262 The Ianizare..repelled him from doing mee any wrong.
†c. To put or thrust (one) away. Obs. rare.
c1530Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1903) 59 Put from the a proude servaunte,..Allso repelle that seruavnte that vsith to blaundysh the. 1540–54Croke 13 Ps. (Percy Soc.) 36 For thou art God myne onely strength, Wherfor then doest thou me repell?
4. To turn back, ward off (a weapon, blow or wound). Also in fig. context.
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 188 The sheelde of feyth, wherby we may easely resist and repell all such fyry dartes of temptacion. 1594Hooker Eccl. Pol. ii. v. §7 Neither doth Tertullian bewray this weakness in striking only, but also in repelling their strokes with whom he contendeth. 1717Pope Iliad xi. 304 But the broad belt..The point rebated, and repell'd the wound. c1753Cowper To Miss Macartney 42 What though in scaly armour dressed, Indifference may repel The shafts of woe.
b. To ward off, resist (some outward evil).
1600Holland Livy viii. xxiii. 297 Which contumelie and reprochfull injurie..they would with all their might and maine repell..from them. 1610J. Guillim Heraldry vi. v. 267 A Military Habit used..to repell the extremity of wet, cold and heate. 1697tr. Burgersdicius' Logic i. xx. 80 House and Clothes [agree] in End; for the End of both, is to repell the Injuries of the Heavens. 1736Warburton Alliance betw. Ch. & State iii. iii, Evil which proceeds not from the will is called a mischief; and may be simply repelled. 1780Bentham Princ. Legisl. xiv. § 3 The case in which an individual repels an evil to which the laws do not wish to expose him. 1799Cowper Castaway 40 So long he, with unspent power, His destiny repelled.
5. To drive or force back (something moving or advancing), esp. by physical resistance.
1605Camden Rem. 165 A man ascending a Mountaine, but repelled with contrarie winds. 1657Trapp Comm. Job xxxvi. 19 As the Rocks repel the greatest waves, so doth God his enemies. 1692Ray Disc. (1713) 42 There is very great use of them [mountains], for repelling the vapours..and hindering their Evagation Northward. 1791T. Newte Tour Eng. & Scot. 153 The waters of both [rivers]..being repelled by the bold and rocky shores of Ross-shire. 1817Shelley Rev. Islam vi. v, I rushed among the rout to have repelled That miserable flight. 1831Landor Misc. Poems Wks. 1846 II. 620 The ebbing sea thus beats against the shore; The shore repels it; it returns again.
b. To force away by the operation of natural laws of matter. (Cf. repulsion.)
1710[see repelling ppl. a.]. 1744Berkeley Siris §237 Why should the particles of common salt repel each other..? 1747Franklin Exper. Electr. (1751) 11 If a cork-ball..be repelled by the tube..'tis surprizing to see how suddenly it flies back. c1790J. Imison Sch. Arts I. 48 The hairs of his head..will repel one another. 1863E. V. Neale Anal. Th. & Nat. 227 That each particle of matter..repels other particles of matter. 1882S. P. Thompson in Nature XXVI. 554/2 The moving electro-magnets were first attracted towards the opposing poles, and then, as they neared them, were caused to be repelled past.
c. To refuse to mix with (one another), or to admit (moisture).
1744Berkeley Siris §227 Why oil and water, mercury and iron, repel..each other. 1822J. Imison Sc. & Art I. 23 Oil and water seem to repel each other. 1885C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts Ser. iv. 360/2 If the film repel the solution, just run the finger..over the repellent portion.
6. To refuse to accept or receive; esp. to reject (a statement, plea, etc.) as unfounded or invalid.
1561Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 180 The said first exceptioun aucht and suld be repellit. 1573Ibid. II. 260 Quhilk allegeance being repellit be my Lord Regentis Grace and Counsall. 1602Shakes. Ham. ii. i. 109, I did repell his Letters, and deny'de His accesse to me. 1852Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xxiv. 231 She always repelled quite indignantly any suggestion that anyone around her could be sick. 1873M. Arnold Lit. & Dogma Pref. (1876) 28 The Greek Christianity of the East repelled the Apocalypse, and the Latin Christianity of the West repelled the Epistle to the Hebrews. 1884Law Rep. 9 App. Cases 344 It is declared, That the second plea in law of the defenders ought to be repelled.
b. To confute, disprove. rare.
a1634Chapman Revenge for Honour Plays 1873 IV. 293 The kernel of the text enucleated I shall confute, refute, repel, refel. 1794Paley Evid. ii. ii. (1817) 26 It is such a morality as completely repels the supposition of its being the tradition of a barbarous age.
7. To drive away or repulse (one who makes advances) with harsh words or treatment, or by denial; to reject (a suit).
1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 573 Foule wordes, and frownes, must not repell a louer. 1667Milton P.L. x. 868 Soft words to his fierce passion she assay'd; But her with stern regard he thus repell'd. 1738Wesley Ps. ii. x, Whoe'er their Advocate repel, The Anger of their Judge shall feel. 1828Scott F.M. Perth xxv, If I continued to repel his wicked suit. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xviii. 125 Like suitors that will not be repelled.
b. To affect (one) with distaste or aversion.
1840Dickens Old C. Shop xix, Through this delirious scene, the child frightened and repelled by all she saw [etc.]. 1846Hare Mission Comf. (1850) 276 Such extravagances..repell minds that have a sense of truth. 1878R. W. Dale Lect. Preach. i. 7 You ought also to remember that for purposes of intellectual discipline, a study which repels you is invaluable.
absol.1817Mill Brit. India II. v. v. 502 The probability that Hyder would not permit them, unopposed, to pass the river Palâr..was a motive rather to stimulate than to repel. 1821Shelley Adonais liii, What still is dear Attracts to crush, repels to make thee wither. 1847Emerson Repr. Men, Swedenborg Wks. (Bohn) I. 333 Swedenborg..with all his accumulated gifts, paralyzes and repels.
Hence reˈpelled ppl. a.
1822–34Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) III. 197 Repelled gout, and repelled cutaneous eruptions. 1871Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (1879) I. xiii. 374 The attracted end of the needle being nearer to the pole of the magnet than the repelled end.
▪ II. repel
obs. form of repeal. |