| 释义 |
repellent, a. and n.|rɪˈpɛlənt|
[ad. L. repellent-em, pres. pple. of repellĕre to repel.]
A. adj.
1. Of medicines or medical applications: Having the effect of repelling morbid humours, etc. (See repel v. 2 c.) Now rare.
1643J. Steer tr. Exp. Chyrurg. v. 19 It is necessary to use repellent Medicines, to wit, defensives, and clouts wet in Vinegar. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, Repellent Medicines, are such things as by stopping the Heat and Afflux of Humors..decrease the swelling of a part. 1719Quincy Phys. Dict. (1722) 381/2 All those means are said to be repellent, which check the Growth of the Tumour. 1807–26S. Cooper First Lines Surg. (ed. 5) 62 Every thing wet, whether warm or cold, emollient, repellent or astringent. 1830Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 39 The leaves [of Sterculia fœtida] are considered repellent and aperient.
2. a. Having the power of repelling other bodies; characterized by repulsion. Also const. of.
1744Berkeley Siris §237 Why should the most repellent particles be the most attractive upon contact? 1794Sullivan View Nat. II. 155 Each fragment of a pillar having its attractive and repellent points. 1812Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos. 136 The different manner..in which their parts become capable of communicating attractive or repellent powers to other matter. 1864Lowell Fireside Trav. 47 There are some men..whose clothes are repellent of dust and mud.
b. Impervious to, not receptive of, moisture.
1805R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. Pl. 44 A manner of draining where the surface soil and base are repellent. 1885[see repel v. 5 c].
c. Repelling or warding off attack.
1889Pater G. de Latour (1896) 34 He saw the beautiful city..as if sheathed austerely in repellent armour.
d. Causing certain insects or other animals not to settle or approach.
1971‘G. Black’ Time for Pirates i. 15 The air reeked from..mosquito-repellent smudge. 1979D. Kyle Green River High x. 131 We were smothered in repellent cream, but that didn't stop them [sc. insects].
3. Repelling by coldness of demeanour, or by some disagreeable feature; affecting one with distaste or aversion.
1797Godwin Enquirer ii. xii. 460 Sherlock..is..somewhat repellent in his language. 1836F. Mahoney Rel. Father Prout, Songs Horace i. (1859) 387 Chilled by thy mien repellent and disdainful. 1879Farrar St. Paul (1883) 519 He overthrew..the repellent demand that the Gentiles should be circumcised.
B. n.
1. Med. An application serving to repel humours, etc. (see A. 1 above). Now rare.
1661Lovell Hist. Anim. & Min. 431 Fractures..are cured by repellents hindering inflammation. 1710T. Fuller Pharm. Extemp. 170 Repellents in the Gout are sometimes most exceeding dangerous. 1766Compl. Farmer s.v. Jardon, It should be first treated with coolers and repellents, such as hot vinegar, verjuice, &c. 1830Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 214 The bark of the root and the..leaves..are considered by the native Indian doctors as powerful repellents.
†2. A repulse. Obs. rare—1.
1777Johnson Let. to Mrs. Thrale 20 Sept., Did he not hold out against forty such repellents from Mrs. P―?
3. A repelling power or influence.
1802E. Parsons Myst. Visit III. 245 All the impediments that act as repellents to your passion. 1802–12Bentham Ration. Judic. Evid. (1827) IV. 292 It becomes a perpetual source of disgust, and serves as a perpetual repellent to the eye of scrutiny.
4. A substance that causes certain insects or other animals not to settle or approach. Freq. in Comb. preceded by the name of the animal, as insect repellent (see insect n. 4 a), etc.
1908Jrnl. Econ. Entomol. I. 81 (heading) Experiments with repellents against the corn root-aphis. 1923Ibid. XVI. 222 A very effective repellent for practical use is a mixture of one part furfural to four parts pine tar oil. 1942, etc. [see moth n.1 3]. 1949Consumer Reports July 311/1, 38 brands of insect repellents. 1950‘N. Shute’ Town like Alice 43 If they were to spend another night upon the veranda she must get hold of some mosquito repellent. 1955Sci. Amer. Aug. 76/3 It is neither an attractant nor a repellent to unconditioned salmon, and would have meaning only to those conditioned to it. 1963‘F. Richards’ First come, First Kill v. 60, I probably smell to high heaven of insect repellent. 1968C. Helmericks Down Wild River North i. xv. 234 Covering myself..with canvas against the angry insects blown back from the horses' backs, and bathing my hooded face with repellent. 1979R. Perry Bishop's Pawn viii. 144 This left the insects free to concentrate on me and the repellent I was using hadn't matured with age.
Hence reˈpellently adv.
1883Talmage in Chr. Her. 16 May 272/1 It is religion presented repellently, morning, noon and night. 1885Manch. Exam. 30 Dec. 3/1 They are..healthy in tone, without being repellently didactic. |