| 释义 |
metakinesis Now rare.|mɛtəkaɪˈniːsɪs|
Pl. -kineses.
[mod.L., f. meta- + Gr. κίνησις motion.]
1. Cytology. [coined (in Ger.) by W. Flemming in Zellsubstanz, Kern und Zelltheilung (1882) xx. 268.]
a. (See quot. 1968.)
1888[see homœotypical adj. (homœo-)]. 1899Jrnl. R. Microsc. Soc. Apr. 168 Karyokinesis in the Root-tips of Allium... Anaphase. (5) After the longitudinal segmentation of the chromosomes, which, as a general rule, does not begin until the chromosomes are in the equatorial plane, the daughter chromosomes are gradually pulled apart... This stage is known as metakinesis. 1903Bot. Gaz. XXXV. 251 Heuser ('84) seems to have been the first to call attention to the double character of the daughter chromosomes in the diaster stage of Tradescantia virginica, but he interpreted the separation of the daughter segments during metakinesis of the first mitosis as a transverse division. 1968R. Rieger Gloss. Genetics & Cytogenetics 286 Metakinesis, the separation of the two chromatids of each chromosome and their movement to opposite spindle poles during anaphase of mitosis.
b. [given this sense by F. Wassermann 1926, in Zeitschr. f. Anat. u. Entwicklungsges. LXXX. 399.] (See quot. 1968.)
1948W. Andrew tr. E.D.P. de Robertis's Gen. Cytol. viii. 182 The prometaphase generally begins with the disintegration of the nuclear membrane... When the nuclear membrane has disintegrated, a more fluid zone is noted in the center of the cell in which the chromosomes..begin to be displaced in apparent disorder toward the equator. This mechanism of equatorial arrangement was called metakinesis (Wassermann). 1968R. Rieger Gloss. Genetics & Cytogenetics 286 Metakinesis,..chromosome congression to the spindle equator.
2. A manifestation of consciousness or mental phenomena.
1890C. L. Morgan Animal Life xii. 467 We call manifestations of energy ‘kinetic’ manifestations, and we use the term ‘kinesis’ for physical manifestations of this order. Similarly, we may call concomitant manifestations of the mental or conscious order ‘metakinetic’, and may use the term ‘metakinesis’ for all manifestations belonging to this phenomenal order. Ibid. 488 When, in man, the metakineses associated with these neural kineses assume the form of hypotheses, theories, interpretations of nature, moral ideals, and religious conceptions, these are..no longer subject to the law of natural selection. 1892K. Pearson Gram. Sci. ix. 401 This metakinesis does not appear to be more than a metaphysical name for non-conscious life, for there is no sense-impression that we have of such life that we can describe as metakinetic. 1903L. F. Ward Pure Sociol. 156 Morgan's metakinetic energy is therefore the same as my conative energy or form of causation, and the difference between kinesis and metakinesis is the difference between motion produced by physical or ordinary efficient causes and motion produced by psychic or conative causes.
Hence metakiˈnetic a.
1890, etc. [see 2 above]. 1925Glasgow Herald 11 July 4 Who can be sure that there is not a psychical or metakinetic side to the mountain and the precious stone, the waterfall and the great sea? |