| 释义 |
metallo-
before a vowel metall-, comb. form of Gr. µέταλλον metal n., used in a number of technical terms, as metallochrome |ˈmɛtələʊkrəʊm| [Gr. χρῶµα colour], a prismatic tinting imparted to polished steel plates by depositing on them a film of lead oxide. metallochromy, the art or process of colouring metals (1860 in Worcester citing Nobili). meˈtalloenzyme Biochem., an enzyme which is a metalloprotein. ˌmetallogeˈnetic a., of or pertaining to metallogeny; hence ˌmetallogeˈnetically adv. metalloˈgenic a., (a) (of an element) occurring in ores or as the native metal, rather than in rocks; (b) = metallogenetic adj. metaˈllogeny Geol. [ad. F. métallogénie (L. de Launay Sci. Géol. (1905) ix. 263): see -geny], (the study of) the origin of mineral deposits, esp. as related to petrographic and tectonic features. † metaˈllognomy [after physiognomy], the art of discovering hidden metals. ˌmetallo-orˈganic a. Chem. = organometallic adj. s.v. organo-; also (rare) ˌmetal(l)orˈganic a. meˈtallophone [Gr. ϕωνή sound], (a) a keyed instrument with outside resemblance to a piano, but having metallic bars instead of strings (Knight Dict. Mech. IV. 1884); (b) see quot. 1887. metalloˈplastic a., pertaining to the arts of depositing metals or obtaining metal casts by either electric or chemical methods (Cent. Dict. 1890). meˈtalloprotein Biochem. (see quot. 1964). metalloscopy |mɛtəˈlɒskəpɪ| [-scopy]: see quot.; hence metalloˈscopic a. † metallostatics n. pl., the art of discovering the composition of metals and minerals. meˈtallotechny |-ˈtɛknɪ| [Gr. τέχνη art], the art of working in metals. metalloˈtherapy [Gr. θεραπεία healing], the use of metals in healing or preventing diseases. So metallotheraˈpeutic a.
1841Brande Chem. (ed. 5) 836 *Metallo-chromes.—..Those beautiful prismatic tints which Nobili originally described under the above name. 1860Tyndall Glac. 237 The colours of tempered metals and the beautiful metallochrome of Nobili are..due to a similar cause.
1884W. H. Wahl Galvanoplastic Manip. 407 (Cent.) *Metallo-chromy is used to produce decorative effects upon objects of copper, tombac, and brass, previously treated to a thin electro-gilding.
1955Adv. Protein Chem. X. 321 The *metalloenzyme can be isolated from its matrix, retaining all of its metal complement in the ‘natural’ state. 1971Wiseman & Gould Enzymes iii. 43 It is mainly this involvement in metalloenzymes and metal-activated enzymes which is responsible for the requirement for these metal ions..in the food of animals. 1972Nature 15 Dec. 417/1 Nitrogenase is a metalloenzyme containing iron and molybdenum both of which are essential for catalytic activity.
1909Cent. Dict. Suppl., *Metallogenetic province. 1910Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. LXVI. 281 His [sc. de Launay's] object is to delineate the various regional types of ores.., the regional types being termed ‘metallogenetic provinces’. 1965G. J. Williams Econ. Geol. N.Z. vi. 61/2 The interplay of opinion reflecting metallogenetic fashions current from time to time.
1926Mineral. Abstr. III. 133 Igneous activity was subordinate in Palaeozoic times, but very extensive and of much significance *metallogenetically during the late Mesozoic in both Japan and Korea.
1920H. S. Washington in Jrnl. Franklin Inst. CXC. 782 It may be as well to suggest here, and to use henceforward, two terms... We may call the ‘rock elements’ petrogenic and the ‘ore elements’ *metallogenic. 1959Nature 28 Nov. 1693/1 During the past few decades the problem of construction of metallogenic maps of various countries..has been discussed. 1974Encycl. Brit. Micropædia VI. 828/2 Among the excellent examples of metallogenic provinces in North America are the gold province on the Canadian Shield [etc.].
1905Nature 13 Apr. 576/1 On the possible rôle of slipping in *metallogeny. 1908O. C. Williams tr. L. de Launay's World's Gold p. xiv, Those who..are interested in the manner of the concentration of metals in the earth or in what I call their ‘Metallogeny’. 1959Nature 28 Nov. 1693/1 Valuable contributions to the metallogeny of various ores were recently made by N. S. Shatsky. 1971Mineralium Deposita VI. 404/1 This note is only intended to link some past ideas of the authors with what may emerge in the future as a key model of metallogeny.
1665Phil. Trans. I. 112 Of *Metallognomy or the signs of latent Metals, and by what art they may be discovered.
1886E. F. Smith tr. V. von Richter's Chem. Carbon Compounds 141 Most of the *metallo-organic compounds can be prepared by the direct action of the metals or their sodium amalgams upon the bromides and iodides of the alkyls. 1946Nature 30 Nov. 791/1 This suggests that some of the polyvalent metal in soil exists as an insoluble metallo-organic complex with some of the organic matter. 1974Sci. Amer. Oct. 75 (caption) Metallo-organic complexes, such as titanium diisopropoxide [Ti(OR)2], also fix nitrogen under ambient conditions.
1887Sci. Amer. 19 Feb. 120/2 The *metalophone is similar in form to the zylophone, but as its name suggests, the vibrating bars are made of metal—hardened steel. 1961K. P. Wachsmann in A. Baines Mus. Instruments i. 31 Whereas the metallophones can be dated—the saron to not much before a.d. 900 and the gender to not later than a.d. 1157—the ancestry of the xylophone is quite obscure. 1961P. Kemp Alms for Oblivion vi. 102 A gamelan of musicians invited by Le Mayeur to play us Balinese music... There were metallophones with polished bronze keys of different pitch. 1969Listener 10 July 58/1 One has read a lot about the exotic Balinese gamelan orchestra with its myriad metallophones. 1972Where Sept. 252/2, I was..unprepared, and unfortunately quite inequipped, for the spate of song books now also coping for xylophones, chime bars, guitars, tuned percussion, autoharps, Indian bells, metallophones, wood blocks, glockenspiels and maracas.
1940Biochem. Jrnl. XXXIV. 1163 The *metallo-protein compounds present in the red blood corpuscles. 1964Ann. Rev. Biochem. XXXIII. 331 The term metalloprotein is used to designate those types of metal-protein complexes in which the strength of the binding is so great that a metal atom can be considered an integral part of the structure of the protein. 1971Nature 10 Sept. 136/2 The ferredoxins are members of a class of metalloproteins known as iron–sulphur proteins.
1890Webster, *Metalorganic... Written also metallorganic. 1965Polymer Rev. VIII. p. v, The Editors invited Professor Andrianov to write a monograph on his pioneering work on metalorganic polymers—or ‘elemento-organic polymers’, as they are called in the Soviet Union. 1974Nature 27 Sept. 307/1 The surfaces were covered with a monolayer of metallorganic soap.
1888Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. I. 503 *Metaloscopic phenomena are most analogous to those here described.
1887Buck's Handbk. Med. Sci. IV. 749 *Metalloscopy..is the art of determining by external application what metals or metallic substances act most easily and favorably upon a given person. 1890Syd. Soc. Lex., Metalloscopy, a term applied to the phenomena observed in cases of hysterical anæsthesia after the application of a metallic plate or plates to the skin of the affected part which recovers its sensibility, while the corresponding point of the other and unaffected limb loses its sensibility.
1665Phil. Trans. I. 113 Fifthly, of *Metallostaticks, whereby the mixture of Mettals and Minerals may be certainly known.
1881T. E. Bridgett Hist. Holy Eucharist I. 8 It will be sufficient for my purpose to touch on architecture, *metallotechny, embroidery, just so far as they served devotion.
1877Eng. Mechanic 8 June 299/1 *Metallotherapy.
Add: meˌtalloˈgenesis n. Geol. = metallogeny.
1923Econ. Geol. XVIII. 105 One of the most important problems of *metallogenesis at the present day is that of the existence of a definite arrangement in space of the ore deposits of metalliferous regions. 1947Ibid. XLII. 725 Scientific basis of metallogenesis was introduced by Daubrée, Scheerer and Élie de Beaumont over a century ago. 1975Chem. in Brit. XI. 167/1 Submarine metallogenesis on a large scale has been found in the Red Sea. 1978Sci. Amer. Feb. 60/3 The study of ophiolites..confirms the validity of the model of hydrothermal metallogenesis.
metallothionein |mɪˌtæləʊˈθaɪəniːn| n. Biochem. [thion-, -ein], any of a class of cysteine-rich proteins which are capable of binding heavy metal ions and which may thus be involved in the detoxification of cells.
1960Kägi & Vallee in Jrnl. Biol. Chem. CCXXXV. 3460/1 A protein from equine renal cortex which contains 2.9% of cadmium, 0.6% of zinc, and 4.1% of sulfur per g dry weight..has been termed metallothionein in view of its metal and sulfur content. 1975Nature 11 Sept. 136/1 Induction of hepatic metallothionein (a cadmium-binding protein) is considered to be a protective mechanism in mammals against the toxic cadmium ion. 1982Sci. Amer. Aug. 50/3 In the marine blue-green alga Synechococcus a comparatively small cadmium-binding metallothionein can bind an average of 1.28 atoms of cadmium per molecule of protein. 1986Science 14 Feb. 704/1 Metallothioneins and their genes have several potential kinds of physiological activity. |