| 释义 |
propeller|prəʊˈpɛlə(r)|
Also propellor.
[f. propel + -er1.]
1. gen. One who or that which propels.
c1815in W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 6 note, To ye, all Authors' known propellers, I tune my lays, renown'd Booksellers! 1863Lytton Misc. Prose Wks. (1868) III. xx. 235 Every man has in his own temperament peculiar propellers to the movement of his thoughts. 1875Buckland Log-bk. 52 The Kangaroos did not use their tails as propellers. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 6/2 Mr. Brunel was the first man..in his profession who perceived the capabilities of the screw as a propeller.
2. A mechanical contrivance for propelling something, e.g. for driving machinery, or giving motion to a vehicle. In quot. 1780, a turbine water wheel.
1780Patent Specif. No. 1252 A Grant unto William Bache of Birmingham, for his new invented instrument or machine which he calls by the name of a Propeller. Ibid., Propeller for the use of communicating power to mills, forges, and sundry other important purposes. 1827Gentl. Mag. XCVII. ii. 546/1 A triple perch,..beneath which two propellers, in going up a hill, may be set in motion, somewhat similar to the action of a horse's legs.
3. a. spec. An appliance or mechanism for propelling a ship or other vessel, fixed upon the vessel itself and actuated by machinery (usually by a steam-engine); most commonly applied to a revolving shaft with blades, usually three or four set at an angle and twisted like the thread of a screw (also called screw propeller or simply screw).
1809Fulton U.S. Patent Specif., The successful construction of steam boats depends on their parts being well proportioned, whether wheels or any other propellers be used. 1838Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. I. 385/1 The engine will be placed amidships,..and the propeller or paddle, which is under the stern, will be worked by a communicating shaft. 1839Mech. Mag. XXXI. 226 The idea of a screw propeller seems to have been formed very early in the history of steam navigation. 1843P. Parley's Ann. IV. 258 A splendid boat..of a new construction, having what is called a propeller. 1858Pat. Off. Abridgm., Marine Propulsion 32 In a.d. 1780 Jouffroy used an engine for his boat with the duck foot propeller. 1870Daily News 22 Apr., The City of Brussels left New York on the 28th March, and lost her propeller three days afterwards. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. s.v., In 1729, Dr. John Allen patented the hydraulic propeller, forcing water through the stern of the ship at a convenient distance under water... In 1782, Rumsey propelled a freight-boat on the Potomac by means of the hydraulic propeller..; the water was drawn in at the bow and expelled through a trunk astern. 1885J. Runciman Skippers & Sh. 7 The throb of the propeller ceased. 1980Daily Tel. 22 Aug. 2/3 SMM Engineering..has won an {pstlg}800,000 order..for a propellor and a bow steering unit for an 80,000-ton tanker.
b. transf. A steamer with a screw propeller.
1860Capt. Maury in Merc. Marine Mag. VII. 233 Two propellers..might be sent out. 1871Echo 15 Dec., On the Welland Canal the ice is three inches thick, and eight propellers and other vessels are locked in.
c. A device on an aeroplane analogous to a ship's propeller in form and function; now always, an airscrew (formerly, a pusher as opposed to a tractor).
1842W. S. Henson Brit. Patent 9478 2 In the place of the movement or power for onward progress being obtained by movement of the extended surface or plane, as is the case with the wings of birds, I apply suitable paddle wheels or other proper mechanical propellers. 1843G. Cayley in Mechanics' Mag. 8 Apr. 278/1 The broad horizontal rudder, or tail, H, capable of being turned on its hinge to any angle,..gives the power of ascent and descent when the propellers are used. 1853― Let. 22 June in J. L. Pritchard Sir George Cayley (1961) 263 When perfected this toy [sc. Chinese flying top] furnishes a very beautiful specimen of the action of the screw propeller in air. 1871English Mechanic 27 Jan. 448/2 Through the instrumentality of the hollow bladed screw-propeller..shall we..be enabled to sustain and propel the mechanism which we shall construct, in and through the atmosphere. 1888H. Middleton Brit. Patent 9725 5 Propellors and supporters for flying machines consisting of curved flexible wings with ribs. 1894, etc. [see airscrew s.v. air n.1 B. III. 6]. 1908H. G. Wells War in Air viii. 271 She..swept down to the water..and came..rolling and..writhing.., halting and then coming on again, with her torn and bent propeller still beating the air. 1917R. B. Matthews Aviation Pocket-bk. 1917 iv. 93 An airscrew is described as a tractor when placed in front of the main planes, and as a propeller when fitted behind. 1928Trans. Inst. Mining Engineers LXXVI. 110 A considerable amount of research-work has been carried out on screw propellors in wind-tunnels. 1937J. H. Younger et al. Airplane Maintenance xv. 298 A propeller develops thrust by its reaction on a mass of air, which it pushes backward. 1968Miller & Sawyers Technical Devel. Mod. Aviation vi. 205 The advantage of the turboprop stems essentially from the greater efficiency of the propeller than the jet as a means of propulsion at low speeds and for take-off. 1977D. Anthony Stud Game vi. 38 A lounge decorated with..an ancient propeller Lindbergh might have used.
4. Angling. An artificial bait having blades which cause it to rotate when drawn through the water.
1884Knight Dict. Mech., Supp. s.v., 2. (Fishing.) Chapman's Reversible Propeller.
5. attrib. and Comb., as propeller-blade, propeller efficiency, propeller-screw, propeller-shaft, propeller-shafting, propeller steam-ship; propeller-driven adj.; propeller-engine: see quot.; propeller fan, a fan that produces a flow of air parallel to the axis of rotation of its impeller; esp. one with the impeller unenclosed or in a very short casing that does not restrict the air flow; propeller-mower, a mowing-machine driven or pushed forward by the team: see quot. 1875; propeller-pump, a rotary pump in which the wheel resembles a screw propeller; propeller shaft, a shaft transmitting power from an engine to a propeller or to the driven wheels of a motor vehicle; propeller turbine = turbojet; usu. attrib.; propeller-well, a vertical cavity at the stern of a ship into which the propeller can be hoisted when not in use; propeller-wheel (cf. paddle-wheel), a screw propeller: see 3.
1898Daily News 8 Aug. 9/5 Sheffield supplies cranks, crank shafts, propeller shafts, *propeller blades, and anchors.
1953D. O. Dommasch Elem. Propeller & Helicopter Aerodynamics iii. 69 The development of the turbo-prop engine has made flight at high subsonic Mach numbers possible for *propeller-driven aircraft. 1973Black Panther 13 Oct. 14/2 They had steered 553 in behind a small propeller driven plane.
1909Westm. Gaz. 4 Mar. 4/2 *Propeller efficiency also constitutes one of the most serious drawbacks to the experimenter.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., *Propeller-engine, the introduction of the screw-propeller has brought into use a new class of engines of short stroke, a number being ranged in a line coincident with the line of the propeller-shaft.
1897Proc. Inst. Mech. Engineers 469 The *propeller fan was for volume of air without compression, the centrifugal for volume with compression. 1937C. Keller et al. Theory & Performance Axial-Flow Fans i. 1 In axial-flow or propeller fans the air or gas flows essentially in an axial direction through the fan. 1950T. H. F. Holman et al. Textbk. Heating & Ventilating vi. 77 Fans are of two main types, the propellor fan..and the centrifugal fan. 1966W. C. Osborne Fans ii. 47 Larger propeller fans of up to 24 ft (7·5 m) or more in diameter are often really axial flow fans in very short casings, since such a design is mechanically more satisfactory. Ibid., Large ‘propeller’ fans are commonly used on cooling towers. 1970M. G. Luff Air Conditioning viii. 261 In terms of ventilation and air conditioning there are three main types of fan, the propeller fan, the axial flow fan and the centrifugal fan. [1875Knight Dict. Mech. s.v. Mower, One other mode of draft is to be noticed, and that is the propeller, in which the cutting apparatus is ahead of the horses, which push the implement before them.] 1875Knight Dict. Mech., *Propeller-pump, a form of rotary pump in which the wheel resembles the propeller-wheel of the marine service.
Ibid. s.v. Propeller, The pitch of a *propeller-screw is the length, measured along the axis, of a complete turn.
1839Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. II. 442/2 The propeller consists now of two half-turns of a thread..placed diametrically opposite to each other on the *propeller-shaft. 1841A. S. Byrne Best Means Propelling Ships 17 The propeller shafts may be detached. 1913A. E. Berriman Aviation iii. 24 In monoplanes the propeller-shaft is ordinarily on a level with the middle of the body. 1945P. H. Wilkinson Aircraft Engines of World 345 The drive shaft..drives the two concentric propeller shafts for the two contra-rotating propellers through planetary spur reduction gears. 1962Which? Car Suppl. Oct. 143/1 New propellor shaft coupling. 1973Daily Tel. 13 July 13 (Advt.), There's no ugly propeller shaft tunnel in the floor of the car to spoil the stretch of deep-pile carpets.
1898Daily N. 9 Mar. 4/5 The Sturgeon..was disabled last week by an accident to her *propeller shafting.
1851R. B. Forbes New Rig 39, I believe that *propeller steam-ships..can successfully compete with paddle-wheel steamers.
1945Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. XLIX. 196/2 Perhaps the large blower of the jet or *propeller turbine unit may encourage the study of boundary layer control possibilities of higher maximum lift coefficients. 1951Engineering 6 July 8/1 The propeller-turbine engine could be expected to improve appreciably in power output and specific weight as combustion temperatures were increased from current values. 1968Miller & Sawyers Technical Devel. Mod. Aviation vi. 183 (heading) Propeller turbines succeed with the Viscount. Ibid., The propeller-turbine engine was of more immediate interest to the airlines than the jet, and by 1950 the idea of fitting it to existing airplanes like the DC-6 and Constellation was becoming widely accepted in the United States.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., *Propeller-wheel, the blades are sections of spiral flanges winding around the shaft like screw-threads... Generally called a screw-propeller. |