| 释义 |
modernism|ˈmɒdənɪz(ə)m|
[f. modern a. + -ism.]
1. A usage, mode of expression, or peculiarity of style or workmanship, characteristic of modern times.
1737Swift Let. to Pope 23 July in P.'s Wks. 1757 IX. 218 b, The corruption of English by those Scribblers, who send us over their trash in Prose and Verse, with abominable curtailings and quaint modernisms. 1853Blackw. Mag. LXXIV. 314 Shakespeare's archaism is exchanged for this modernism. a1864Hawthorne Amer. Note-bks. (1879) II. 77 Such modernisms as astral lamps. 1871Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue §481 The last of these [viz. ‘its’] is a comparative modernism in the language. 1897D. C. Tovey Rev. & Ess. viii. 143 The published specimen contained..some imperfections and modernisms.
2. Modern character or quality of thought, expression, style of workmanship, etc.; sympathy with or affinity to what is modern.
1830H. N. Coleridge Grk. Poets (1834) 274 The women of the Odyssey discover occasionally a modernism and a want of heroic simplicity. 1844Lingard Anglo-Sax. Ch. (1858) I. ii. 65 note, The modernism of its language. 1861F. Metcalfe Oxonian in Iceland iv. (1867) 57 And somehow this very modernism begets a desire for reverting now and then to old things, old people [etc.]. 1887Westm. Rev. June 348 The Roman Church and the American Republic... The one typifying mediævalism, the other illustrating with tolerable fidelity the spirit of modernism.
3. Theol. A tendency or movement towards modifying traditional beliefs and doctrines in accordance with the findings of modern criticism and research, esp. a movement of this kind in the Roman Catholic Church at the beginning of the twentieth century.
1901G. Tyrell Let. 18 Aug. in M. D. Petre Autobiogr. & Life Geo. Tyrell (1912) II. ii. 52 He [sc. Kegan Paul] simply rants against Modernism, and glories in what ought to be our shame. 1903― Let. 19 Nov. (1920) vii. 132, I hope that the Catholicism in which we may eventually unite will be one in which all that is good and true in Modernism will be saved and sanctified. 1907tr. Pius X's Encyclical Let. Doctrines Modernists 15 If we..seek to know how the believer, according to Modernism, is marked off from the Philosopher, it must be observed [etc.]. 1913A. Fawkes Stud. Modernism 373 The name Modernism was given to the present phase of the liberalising movement in the Church of Rome by the Civiltà Cattolica. 1915Hastings' Encycl. Relig. & Ethics VIII. 763/1 Modernism is the name given by the papal encyclical which condemned it to a complex of movements within the Roman Communion, all alike inspired by a desire to bring the tradition of Christian belief and practice into closer relation with the intellectual habits and social aspirations of our own time. 1923Edin. Rev. Jan. 62 Between English Modernism and the now discredited Roman Modernism there is a deep cleavage. 1927H. D. A. Major Eng. Modernism 18 In the Roman Church Modernism is opposed to Mediævalism; in the English Church, Modernism, as in Holland, is opposed to Traditionalism; in America Modernism is opposed to Fundamentalism. 1955Times 17 Aug. 9/5 The mistake of modernism is to try to force a supernatural revelation into the mould of natural science and scholarship. 1972L. F. Barmann Baron F. von Hügel & Modernist Crisis in Eng. p. ix, In the sixty years following that conflict much has been written about modernism, though mostly from partisan standpoints.
4. The methods, style, or attitude of modern artists (modern a. 2 h); spec. a style of painting in which the artist deliberately breaks away from classical and traditional methods of expression; hence, a similar style or movement in architecture, literature, music, etc.
1929H. R. Hitchcock Mod. Archit. xvii. 205 A city [sc. New York], whose ‘modernism’ consists in copying the poorest French models of the New Tradition. 1934R. Blomfield Modernismus viii. 145, I have already called attention to the disastrous effect of Modernism on architecture, painting, and sculpture... I find the same insidious and repulsive influence at work in a good deal of contemporary music. 1946R. Wellek in W. S. Knickerbocker 20th Cent. Eng. 69 The fine arts themselves and the art of literature reacted against realism and naturalism in the direction of symbolism and other ‘modernism’. 1955Times 1 June 8/7 Professor A. E. Richardson..foresaw a revival of the Hellenic influence in art and the decline of ‘modernism’. 1961Listener 23 Nov. 848/1 The American modernism introduced by Mr. T. S. Eliot, following Mr. Ezra Pound. 1971New Society 25 Mar. 496/3 ‘Vision in Motion’..a brilliant manual, or compendium, of modernism. 1973Observer 5 Aug. 28/3 Sassoon became..increasingly embittered at his neglect by the new pundits of ‘modernism’. 1973Black World Sept. 19/1 During the Twenties, Jorge de Lima became an important member of the literary movement known as Modernism. 1974New Yorker 25 Feb. 122/1 Modernism, we are told, is passé; the Harvard English Department lists a course, ‘American Modernism’, that treats of ‘American writing from 1900 to 1930’. |