| 释义 |
▪ I. ˈmonopole1|ˈmɒnəpəʊl|
Also 6 money polde, monopolle, monapole, 7 monopol.
[a. OF. monopole or ad. late L. monopōlium monopoly.]
†1. = monopoly. Obs.
a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VI 158 Diuers other crymes were layde to his charge, as..gathering together and making a money polde of offices, fees, wardes, and fermes. 1596Bp. W. Barlow Three Serm. ii. 49 The intollerable licenses of Monopoles and Solesales. 1596Harington Metam. Ajax 97 Now for my monapole, I would aske but this trifling sute. 1609J. Davies Humour's Heav. on Earth (Grosart) 35 Some to gaine Some Monopole, which then could not be got.
†2. An emporium. lit. and fig. Obs.
(Cf. Gr. µονοπώλιον trading mart enjoying a monopoly.)
1600W. Watson Decacordon (1602) 61 Merchants..trafficke..from one Mart, hauen, promontorie, or Monopole to another. Ibid. 237 [Father Parsons is] a Monopole of all mischiefe. 1610Boys Wks. (1629) 454 The deuill..begat insolent pride, which is a monopol of mischiefe.
†3. An unlawful convention; a conspiracy. Obs.
1549Compl. Scot. xvi. 140 The ciuil lauis deffendis & forbiddis al monopoles and conuentions of the comont pepil. 1587–8Reg. Privy Council Scot. IV. 253 It becomes alwayes his majestie..to repres and stay all monopolles and factiounes.
4. [Fr., monopoly.] (See quot. 1967.)
1883Daily News 31 Aug. 6/2 The familiar pop of the champagne cork being very rarely heard. Perhaps those learned authorities, Dr. Oliver and Dr. Myrtle..have ‘shut down’ on ‘monopole’ and ‘extra dry’. 1885Christie's Catal. Wines 14 Apr. 9 Three Dozens of Champagne, Heidsieck's Dry Monopole, 1874. 1886St. Stephen's Rev. 13 Mar. 12/1 The pint of dry Monopole, with which he sustained exhausted nature. 1915T. Burke Nights in Town 399 He shouted for a half-of-bitter with the solemnity of one who commands that two bottles of dry Monopole be put on the ice. 1967A. Lichine Encycl. Wines 356 Monopole. This designation, frequently found on wine labels, literally means ‘an exclusive’. Blank Monopole would be the proprietary brand of the wine shipper whose name would occupy the blank.
▪ II. † ˈmonopole2 Obs.—0
[ad. Gr. µονοπώλης, f. µόνο-ς mono- + πώλης seller.]
A monopolist.
1648–60Hexham Dutch Dict., Een Focker, a Monopole, or an Engrosser of Wares and Commodities.
▪ III. monopole3|ˈmɒnəpəʊl|
[f. mono- + pole n.2]
1. A single electric charge or, esp., a single magnetic pole, having a spherically symmetric field. Freq. attrib. or as adj.
1937J. W. T. Spinks tr. G. Herzberg's Atomic Spectra & Atomic Struct. i. 63 The system gives an external electric field, which..falls off more rapidly with increasing distance that that of the dipole, which itself falls off more rapidly than that of the monopole. 1950D. Halliday Introd. Nuclear Physics ii. 59 A single charge at the origin is a simple monopole, with no higher moments. 1951Proc. Cambr. Philos. Soc. XLVII. 196 Dirac has suggested that the quantization of electric charge could be explained by the existence of magnetic monopoles. Ibid. 206 The main difference of behaviour between electric particles and monopoles lies in the greater ionizing power per centimetre of the monopole, except near the end of the path. 1958Condon & Odishaw Handbk. Physics vii. iv. 59/1 The first term of Eq. (4.6) corresponds to a monopole or simple charge, the second to the electric-dipole moment, the third to the electric-quadrupole moment, the fourth to the electric-octupole moment, etc. A similar multipole expansion is possible with magnetic interactions..leading to magnetic-dipole terms, etc. 1962Corson & Lorrain Introd. Electromagn. Fields ii. 54 The first term is merely the potential which we would have at P if the whole charge were concentrated at the origin. It is called the monopole term and is zero only if the net charge is zero. 1967W. R. Hindmarsh Atomic Spectra v. 49 We must extend the concept of the nucleus by attributing to it magnetic and electric moments (in addition to the electric monopole or nuclear charge) and a finite volume. 1969Physical Rev. CLXXXIV. 1393 (heading) Search for magnetic monopoles in deep ocean deposits. Ibid. 1401/2 This work would indicate that there is less than one monopole/4000 m3 of the earth. 1973Nature 20 Apr. 527/1 The scheme..ignores all other atomic monopoles (including those on the methyl carbons and hydrogens which closely approach the negative charge) as well as all higher moments. 1974Ibid. 3 May 15/1 Searches for quarks, magnetic monopoles and intermediate vector bosons have all so far proved negative. 1975Physical Rev. Lett. XXXV. 489/2 We conclude that we have detected a magnetic monopole of strength g = 137e.
2. Radio. An aerial consisting of a single conducting rod with the electrical connection made at one end, the length of which is usually about a quarter of the wavelength to be transmitted or received.
1950Proc. IRE XXXVIII. 1040 (heading) Measured directivity induced by a conducting cylinder of arbitrary length and spacing parallel to a monopole antenna. 1966L. V. Blake Antennas iv. 176 When the quarter-wave vertical antenna (monopole) is fed at its base with the other side of the feed line connected to ground, its radiation resistance and input impedance are just half the values for the half-wave dipole in free space. 1974Nature 5 Apr. 493/1 The transmitter antenna was a vertical monopole lifted to 1,000 to 1,500 m by balloon. |