| 释义 |
▪ I. mortise, mortice, n.|ˈmɔːtɪs|
Forms: 5–6 mortas(e, mortays(e, -eys(e, -es(e, -esse, mortyse, 5–7 morteis, 5–8 mortaise, (6 mortress(e, morteise), 6–7 mortess, 7 mortis(s(e, (mortesce, mortize, mortuis), 7–9 mortoise, mortes, 6– mortise, 8– mortice.
[a. F. mortaise (13th c. mortoise in Hatz.-Darm.), of unknown origin. Cf. Sp. mortaja.]
1. A cavity or hole into which the end of some other part of a framework or structure is fitted so as to form a joint; also, a groove or slot for the reception or passage of a rope, an adjustable pin, etc.
Frequently used in 15–16 c. Legends and Mystery Plays for the socket into which the foot of the Cross was set.
c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) ii. 5 And þe stock [of the cross] þat stude in þe erthe, in þe whilk was made a mortas [orig. F. vne morteise], was of cedre. Ibid. x. 38–9 And þe crosse was sette in a mortays in the roche... And þat es now called Golgatha. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 167 b/1, And another piece wherin the sokette or morteys was maad that the body of the crosse stood in. 1541R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg. K iv b, In the ioynynge with the bygger bone doth they [sc. the tibia and fibula] make one holowe pyt or morteys wherin the fyrste bone of the fote is receyued. 1611Cotgr. s.v. Orbite, L'orbite d'une poulie, the mortaise wherein the shiuer of a Pullie runnes. 1676Phil. Trans. XI. 680 Each Lever is pierced in the middle by a Mortaise,..in which an iron-nail..turns round. 1733Tull Horse-hoeing Husb. xxi. 304 The Socket is a Mortise of about a Foot long, at the upper part; two Inches deep. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 406 The screw passes through a groove or mortise at the end of the wheel frame. 1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm I. 413 The coulter-box is formed by piercing an oblong mortice through the bar. 1844Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. VII. 107/2 The mortoise, in the cap, should be made exactly to suit the mortoise in the piston-rod. 1857R. Tomes Amer. in Japan ix. 198 The cylinders..are arranged in a row, with a mortise between them to regulate their approach.
2. spec. in Carpentry and Joinery: The counterpart of a tenon1; a cavity or hole, usually rectangular in shape, cut in the surface of a piece of timber, etc., to receive the shaped end (called a ‘tenon’) of another piece.
chase mortise, chased mortise, or pulley mortise, a long mortise in which a tenon may be inserted transversely and driven home. double mortise, (a) = prec.; (b) one consisting of two holes cut side by side to receive a double tenon. stub mortise, one that is cut only partially through the timber.
c1440Promp. Parv. 344/1 Morteys of a tenowne, gumphus. 1546Gardiner Declar. Art. Joye 35 b, That were euen as wysely done of vs, as if a man wolde frame a tenaunte without a mortesse. 1570Levins Manip. 85/19 A mortresse, cumphus. 1590Greene Upst. Courtier F 3, The ioyner though an honest man, yet he maketh his ioynts weake, and putteth in sappe in the morteses. 1663Gerbier Counsel 42 That the Carpenters be good husbands..in..sparing to make double Mortises, which doe but weaken the Summers. 1678Moxon Mech. Exerc. v. 80 If you were to make a Tennant upon a piece of Fur, and a Mortess to receive it in a piece of Oak. 1697Bp. Patrick Comm. Exodus xxvi. 19 There were two silver Sockets for each Plank, whose Tenons, sinking into these Mortaises [etc.]. 1753F. Price Brit. Carpenter (ed. 3) 8 Double, or pully mortices, (as they are call'd). 1823P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 119 Girders..are made with mortises, in order to receive the tenons at the end of the binding-joists. Ibid., These long mortises are called pulley-mortises, or chase-mortises. 1842Gwilt Archit. §2019 The bridging joists are notched;..though sometimes they are framed between with chased mortices. 1860Worcester (citing Loudon), Stub mortise. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. s.v. Mortise-chisel, The chisel..is a double one, each limb having two lips, adapting the tool to cut a double mortise.
transf.c1710C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 10 Two stones stands up and one laid on their tops with morteses into each other. 1852T. Wright Celt, Rom., Sax. ii. 59 Each of the upright stones had two tenons..which fitted into mortices or hollows.
b. mortise and tenon, tenon and mortise, as the component parts of a particular kind of joint; hence, a joint composed of a mortise and a tenon. Also collect. as a method of joining material.
1610Holland Camden's Brit. 251 [Stonehenge]..certaine mighty and unwrought stones..upon the heads of which, others like ouerthwart peeces do beare and rest crossewise, with a small tenents and mortescis. 1623Gouge Serm. Extent God's Provid. §15 Two girders were by tenents and mortaises let into the midst of it. 1624A. Wotton Runne from Rome i. 4, I am instructed to take the frame in sunder..; to trie how every tenant and mortuis is fitted each to other. 1631Weever Anc. Funeral Mon. 317 With Mortis and tenents. 1757Phil. Trans. L. 200 They were joined together at the ends with mortoise and tenon. 1801Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) Suppl. I. 171/1 Where the beams stand square with each other..the common mortise and tenon is the most perfect junction. 1859Jephson Brittany xii. 200 Horizontal stones are laid across the tops of the menhirs, and fastened with mortise and tenon.
attrib.1791Smeaton Edystone L. §158 The stones..were all curiously joined together at the ends, mortoise and tenon fashion. 1802Paley Nat. Theol. ix. 118 There is the hinge joint, and the mortice and tenon joint. 1904Windle Rem. Preh. Age Eng. viii. 185 An ellipse of hewn sarsen trilithons, with mortise and tenon connections.
c. Her. (See quot.)
1725Coats Dict. Her., Mortaise, or Mortise, as our Carpenters and Joyners call it, is..a square Piece of Wood, with a square Hole through it. 1828–40Berry Encycl. Her.
3. nonce-use. [From the vb.] State of being mortised.
1875Tennyson Q. Mary iii. i, And oversea they say this state of yours Hath no more mortice than a tower of cards.
4. attrib. and Comb.: † mortise-articulation = gomphosis; mortise-bolt (see quot.); † mortise bones, the tibia and fibula, the ends of which together form a cavity into which the ball of the ankle-joint is placed; mortise chisel, a chisel with a stout blade used in cutting mortises; mortise clamp, a clamp mortised at the ends; so mortise-clamped a., furnished with such a clamp; mortise gauge (see gauge n. 11); mortise-hole = sense 1 above; hence fig., an obscure place; mortise-joint, a mortise and tenon joint; mortise lock, one made for insertion in a mortise cut in the edge of the lock-rail of a door; also attrib., as mortise lock bit, chisel, tools for cutting a mortise for this lock; † mortise-piece, a joining piece; mortise wheel, a cast iron wheel having cogs of wood set into mortises; † mortise wimble, a tool for boring a mortise.
1658Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus iii. 57 The seeds..lockt up in sockets after a gomphosis or *mortis-articulation, diffuse themselves circularly into branches. Ibid. 59.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., *Mortise-bolt, one let into a mortise in a door.
1541R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg. K iv b, There be two [bones in the knee] that be called y⊇ *morteys bones. Ibid. L j, In the vpper roundnes therof is affyrmed the holownesse of the pyt or morteys bones, and there the fote is moued.
1678Moxon Mech. Exerc. iv. 74 The *Mortess Chissel..is a narrow Chissel but hath its Blade much thicker, and..stronger... Its Office is to cut..Mortesses in..wood.
1852–61Archit. Publ. Soc. Dict. s.v. Clamp, *Mortise clamp.
1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 602 Boards..*mortise-clamped.
1812P. Nicholson Mech. Exerc. 140 The *Mortice Gauge..has two teeth instead of one... The use of this gauge is..for gauging mortices and tenons.
1585J. Higins Junius' Nomenclator 205/2 Columbaria... The *mortesse holes: the holes wherein the endes of rafters and quarters are fastened. a1654Selden Table T. (Arb.) 43 They do it in a Corner, in a Mortice-hole, not in the Market-place.
1882Ogilvie s.v. Mortise, *Mortise-joint.
1780Birmingham, etc. Directory 79 Foxall, William, *mortice lock maker. 1852–61Archit. Publ. Soc. Dict. s.v. Bit, Those excellent tools the mortise lock bits. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., Mortise-lock Chisel... It has a peculiar shape, in order to pull out the wood.
1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. ii. 108 For Rafters, and *Mortisse peeces [orig. L. coagmentationes] the Elme and the Ashe, by reason of theyr length serues best.
1843Holtzapffel Turning, etc. I. 351 A *mortise wheel..with spaces around its edge..to be filled with wooden cogs.
1407–8in Fabric Rolls York Minster (Surtees) 207 note, j *mortas wymbyll, j bandwymbyll.
▪ II. mortise, mortice, v.1|ˈmɔːtɪs|
Forms: see the n.: also 6–9 mortize.
[f. mortise n.; cf. F. mortaiser (OF. mortissier, 1302 in Hatz.-Darm.).]
1. trans. To fasten or join securely; to fix in or join together closely and firmly; spec. in Carpentry and Joinery, to join with a mortise; to fasten into or to by means of mortise and tenon; to secure (a tenon) with a mortise. Also fig.
c1440York Myst. xxvi. 163, I fele by a figure in youre fals face, It is but foly to feste affeccioun in ȝou. For Mars he hath morteysed his mark, Eftir all lynes of my lore. 1530Palsgr. 640/2, I mortayse a thynge in byldyng, as a carpenter dothe... Mortayse this study in to this princypall. 1547J. Harrison Exhort. Scottes H v, I wote not whether firme concorde be otherwise more sureli mortized in mens hartes, then when [etc.]. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 409 When King Henry had thus mortised himselfe and his issue so sure and fast, as he thought, that the same was not possible to be remooued, then [etc.]. 1570Foxe A. & M. (ed. 2) 1387/1 Which Image was mortrest in a wall behynd the hye altare. 1602Shakes. Ham. iii. iii. 20 Maiestie..is a massie wheele..To whose huge Spoakes, ten thousand lesser things Are mortiz'd and adioyn'd. 1620–55I. Jones Stone-Heng (1725) 40 Each Stone having two Tenons mortaised into the Architrave. Ibid. 41 The Architrave..being mortaised into them. 1637Gillespie Eng. Pop. Cerem. Ep. B 2, We must therefore be mortaised togither..by the bands of Trueth. 1727Arbuthnot Coins, etc. 236 The Ship was built by halves, and the one half being finished..the other half was join'd to it by great Brass Nails..mortiz'd with Lead. 1777Robertson Hist. Amer. (1783) III. 392 The Peruvians could not mortize two beams together, or give..stability to any work composed of timber. 1794W. Felton Carriages (1801) I. 13 The door-case rails are..morticed on the standing pillars. 1800Coleridge Piccolom. iii. iii, So will he, falling, draw down..All us, who're fixed and mortised to his fortune. 1863Q. Rev. CXIV. 310 The..ingenuity with which that great engineer mortised his tall tower to the wave-worn rock. 1899R. Munro Prehist. Scotl. x. 335 A rectangularly shaped framework of oak beams, mortised at the corners.
absol.1876W. Papworth in Encycl. Brit. IV. 479/1 But as this exposes the tenon..to the risk of being torn off, we are obliged to mortise further down.
b. intr. for pass. To be fixed firmly into.
1861A. Beresford-Hope Eng. Cathedr. 19th C. vi. 229 The aisles..require a horizontal wall-space in the nave, between the arcade and the clerestory, for the roofing to mortice into.
2. To cut a mortise in; also with through.
1703T. N. City & C. Purchaser 23 These Posts are..made by the Piece..and ½d. per Hole for Morticing them. 1753F. Price Brit. Carpenter (ed. 3) 6 You may mortice through both flitches. 1782Smeaton in Phil. Trans. LXXII. 347 The cross-piece..is mortoised through, to let the rods pass. 1846Holtzapffel Turning, etc. II. 716 The several styles to be mortised..are placed side by side.
Add: Hence ˈmortiser n., a machine for cutting mortises.
1886Carpentry & Building VIII. 135/1 The improved power mortiser is shown in Fig. 1. 1942H. J. Massingham Field Fellowship iv. 67 Clearing-irons, double-irons, scrapers, mortizers, beetles, tools enough to seat all the weary of the world. 1976S. Wales Echo 23 Nov. 11/5 (Advt.), For Sale..Mortiser. {pstlg}150... Various other items for woodworking shop. 1990Practical Woodworking Mar. 2 (Advt.), Ultimate accuracy of a mortiser plus a high precision drill press.
▪ III. † mortise, v.2 Obs.
Also 4–5 mortese, 5 mort(e)yse, -eise, 5–6 mortayse, 6 mortis(s)ie.
[Aphetic form of amortize, -ise.]
trans. To alienate in mortmain; = amortize v. 3.
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 123 Here temporaltees ben mortesid, þat is confermyd in þis deþ. c1450in 9th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. i. 285/2 James of Pecham yaff and morteysed to the sayed brygg the manor of Nerschenden. 1496–7Act 12 Hen. VII, c. 13 §17 Londis..mortised appropried or belonging to any College in any of the Universitees. 1530Palsgr. 640/2 He hath mortaysed twenty pounde a yere to founde a chaunterye. 1533More Debell. Salem Wks. 943/2 Some one hath thought that it wolde be..profytable to the realme, that the lordes had the landes whose auncestours had mortisied them. 1546Galway Arch. in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 411 Shall not in leasse set nor mortissie any manner landes,..nor..mortissie any of the said teithes or revnus. |