| 释义 |
multivalent, a. and n. Chem.|mʌltɪˈveɪlənt, mʌlˈtɪvələnt|
[See multi- 1.]
A. adj.
1. a. Having many degrees of valency.
1874J. P. Cooke New Chem. 278 Hydrates of multivalent radicals.
b. Med. Of an antigen or antibody: having several sites at which it can become attached to an antibody or antigen, respectively.
1934Harvey Lect. XXVIII. 198 In this way it has been possible to show that antigen and antibody in this system, too, are multivalent with respect to each other—that is, that the composition of the precipitate varies according to the relative proportions of the reactants. 1948Kabat & Mayer Exper. Immunochem. iii. 67 The immunochemist..has found it more useful to..consider the visible agglutination as an indication that the antigen particles are linked together by antibody molecules to form aggregates as a result of the combination of multivalent antibody with multivalent antigen on the particle surface. 1963Humphrey & White Immunol. for Students of Med. vi. 185 The combination in multiple proportions depends upon the fact that both antigen and antibody are multivalent. Antibody valencies are restricted to two per molecule but antigen valencies may exceed 200, although they are more usually around 5 to 10 per molecule.
2. Cytology. That is (part of) a multivalent.
1929Jrnl. Genetics XXI. 41 The whole process by which multivalent combinations arise has been followed only in the tulips. 1937C. D. Darlington Recent Adv. Cytol. (ed. 2) iv. 129 The result seems to depend on..the distribution of the chiasmata in the multivalent chromosome. 1967Biol. Abstr. XLVIII. 983/1 (heading) Multivalent associations in oocytes of Triturus helveticus helveticus.
3. gen. Having many applications, meanings, or values.
1933Mind XLII. 484, I propose to call words which can enter sentences in more than one sense multivalent words. 1952Essays in Crit. II. 99 It is unnecessary to heap up detailed parallels for the reader..; our object is to indicate their multivalent mode of functioning. 1963Listener 31 Jan. 213/2 Spenser's allegory is sometimes naïve, often multivalent, and often, indeed, non-existent. 1971Archivum Linguisticum II. 59 Interrogative form considered in the abstract is as multivalent as the flection -s and is variously used..for suggestions.., exclamations.., and so on.
B. n. Cytology. An association of three or more completely or partly homologous chromosomes during the first division of meiosis.
1929Jrnl. Genetics XXI. 12 At post-diplotene stages associations of three, four and five chromosomes are found, clearly the forerunners of the metaphase multivalents. 1937M. J. D. White Chromosomes v. 82 The frequency of formation of multivalents in polyploids varies a great deal and apparently depends in part on the length of the chromosomes and in part on the rapidity of zygotene pairing. 1959Biol. Abstr. XXXIV. 12/1 Multivalent formation and ‘secondary association’ in the meiotic stages of autotetraploid races of Lycopersicon Mill. 1971Nature 9 Apr. 390/1 Though most of the chromosomes are associated as bivalents, a few multivalents are present.
Hence mulˈtivalence, -ˈvalency the state or condition of being multivalent; also (after ambivalence), the property of having many meanings or interpretations.
a1881A. Barratt Phys. Metempiric (1883) 64 Multi-valency of atoms. 1882Ogilvie Suppl., Multivalence. 1933Mind XLII. 49 The solution of these paradoxes lies in the ambiguity... Multivalence would be better. Because it is a multiplicity of use not of meaning. 1937Jrnl. Immunol. XXXII. 119 (heading) On the mutual multivalence of toxin and antitoxin. 1940Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. LXII. 2646/1 (heading) The bivalence of antibodies and the multivalence of antigens. 1963Humphrey & White Immunol. for Students of Med. vi. 218 The so-called ‘sandwich’ technique for the detection of antibody..employs a primary layer of a dilute solution of unlabelled antigen. After reacting for 30 minutes or so, this is rinsed off..and then exposed to specific fluorescein-labelled antibody. Such a method depends upon the multivalency of the antigen. 1965English Studies XLVI. 28 This very multivalence..is the crux of a mythological interpretation, by which such a general mother-goddess may be associated with almost anything on earth and sea.
▸ Math. = many–one adj. at many adj. and pron. and n. and adv. Compounds 2; spec. (of a holomorphic function) having the same value for more than one value of its argument.
1891Amer. Jrnl. Math. 14 39 (heading) Multivalent and univalent involutory correspondences in a plane determined by a net of curves of nth order. 1937Ann. Math. 38 782 An analytic function f(z) which is holomorphic for {vb}z{vb} |