| 释义 |
▪ I. murmur, n.|ˈmɜːmə(r)|
Forms: 4–7 murmure, 4–5 mormur, -or, 4–6, 8 murmour, 5, 7 murmer, 7 murmor, 4– murmur.
[a. F. murmure masc. (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), n. of action f. murmurer to murmur. Cf. Pr. murmuri, Sp. murmúrio, mormuréo, It. mormorio.
The Eng. n. coincides in form with the L. murmur, by which some of its senses may have been directly influenced.]
1. a. Subdued continuous or continuously repeated sound; an instance of this. Now rare exc. in the murmur of (a brook, the waves, etc.).
c1400Mandeville (1839) xxviii. 281 In that Vale, heren men often tyme..grete Murmures and Noyses. 1523Skelton Garl. Laurel 270 With that there come in..A murmur of mynstrels. c1586C'tess Pembroke Ps. xlvi. ii, Lo, a river streaming joy, With purling murmur safelie slides. 1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 706 Ech shadow makes him stop, ech murmour stay. 1602Marston Antonio's Rev. v. iii, Making lowde murmur, with confused dinne. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) I. 96 The murmur of a troubled sea. 1853M. Arnold Scholar-Gipsy ii, All the live murmur of a summer's day. 1864Tennyson En. Ard. 688 Finding neither light nor murmur there. 1884W. C. Smith Kildrostan 48 The murmur of the running brooks.
b. Path. A sound of this kind (whether normal or morbid) heard in auscultation.
1833J. Forbes in Cycl. Pract. Med. I. 241/1 [Auscultation.] When the valve [of the heart], not closing accurately, admits of regurgitation, a murmur accompanies the first sound. 1851W. H. Walshe Dis. Lungs & Heart 73 The sounds discoverable by auscultation of the breathing-apparatus in the state of health are:—(A) The respiratory murmurs; and (B) the resonance of the voice. Ibid. 212 Sounds of adventitious origin and properties produced either within or on the surface of the heart, are termed Murmurs. 1876J. S. Bristowe Theory & Pract. Med. (1878) 561 Distinct pulsatile tumours, attended with more or less thrill and often with a murmur.
2.
†a. The expression of discontent or anger by inarticulate complaint; muttered or indistinct complaint, grumbling or repining. Obs.
b. An instance of this; an act of murmuring or repining; a subdued expression of discontent.
c1381Chaucer Parl. Foules 520 Nature, which that alway had an ere To murmour of the lewednes behinde, With facound voys seide, ‘hold your tonges there!’ c1386― Pars. T. ⁋432 Murmure eek is ofte amonges seruauntz that grucchen whan hir souereyns bidden hem doon leueful thynges. 1390Gower Conf. I. 89 In myn herte I am desesed: With many a Murmur, god it wot. c1477Caxton Jason 69 And [they] began to make grete bewaylinges and murmure upon Appollo. 1513More Rich. III in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 767 Done..to none other intent but to bring all the Lordes in an obloquy and murmour of the people. 1639S. Du Verger tr. Camus' Admir. Events 127 He endeavoured..to avoyde scandall, murmur, and the punishment wherewith the Judge threatned him. 1681Dryden Span. Friar iv. ii. 54 Some discontents there are; some idle murmurs. 1709Steele Tatler No. 95 ⁋1 Persons in the married State..pine away their Days, by looking upon the same Condition in Anguish and Murmur. 1742Young Nt. Th. vii. 732 Instinct, than reason, makes more wholesome meals, And sends all marring murmur far away. 1838J. L. Stephens Trav. Greece, etc. 24/1, I should have..given up the remnant of my stock of borrowed money without a murmur. 1874Stubbs Const. Hist. I. xii. 472 The murmurs of the people reached the king in Normandy.
†3. Rumour. in murmur: ‘whispered about’.
1601Shakes. Twel. N. i. ii. 32 'Twas fresh in murmure..That he did seeke the loue of faire Oliuia. 1760–72H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) IV. 37 Some murmur of these matters may come to her ear.
4. A softly or gently spoken word or sentence; subdued or nearly inarticulate speech.
a1674Clarendon Hist. Reb. xi. §201 That kind of Murmur which usually shews how the House stands inclined. 1773Goldsm. Stoops to Conq. iv. Wks. (Globe) 668/1 What billing, exchanging stolen glances, and broken murmurs? 1863Geo. Eliot Romola xii, His speech was the softest murmur. 1877J. D. Chambers Div. Worship 88 Whilst in Choir let there be no murmur heard among the Clerks.
5. Comb. murmur diphthong, a diphthong ending with a weak (murmur) vowel; murmur vowel, a glide or weak vowel, a schwa.
1892H. Sweet New Eng. Gram. I. 234 There is another class of murmur diphthongs ending in (ə), as in hear, here (hiə), fare, faire (feə). 1933O. Jespersen Essentials Eng. Gram. ii. 26 There are three kinds of diphthongs in English: (1) full (long-distance) diphthongs... (2) slow (short-distance) diphthongs... (3) murmur-diphthongs ending in the indistinct central vowel [ə]: [iə] as in peer, [ɛə] as in pair, [etc.]. 1965A. D. Cordts Phonics xii. 228 Today every basic reading system..recognizes the ‘short’ and ‘long’ vowel sounds, the diphthongs, the so-called murmur diphthongs and ‘digraphs’, [etc.].
1910Murmur vowel [see back a. 1 c]. 1924W. J. Sedgefield in Mawer & Stenton Introd. Survey Eng. Place-Names I. ii. i. 8 The vowel that was distinctly pronounced loses under the secondary stress its clear character and becomes either the obscure sound called by phoneticians the ‘murmur-vowel’ [ə] or an indistinct [i]. 1957S. Potter Mod. Linguistics i. 27 The inhabitants of Birmingham..call their city [bə:miŋgəm], but Londoners call it [bə:miŋəm]... Midlanders raise the velum against the wall of the pharynx and make a plosion with the back of the tongue upon it before passing from agma to the murmur-vowel, whereas the people of London keep the nasal pharynx open at this juncture. 1966A. Wijk Rules of Pronunciation for Eng. Lang. iv. 64 The murmur vowel is..very common in both open and closed syllables when the stress falls on the immediately following syllable.
▪ II. murmur, v.|ˈmɜːmə(r)|
Forms: 4, 6 murmure, 6 mormour, murmour(e, -more, 5– murmur.
[a. F. murmurer (= Sp. murmurar, mormurar, Pg. murmurar, It. mormorare, murmurare), ad. L. murmurāre, f. murmur rumbling noise, murmur, a reduplicated onomatopœic formation. Cf. OHG. murmurôn, murmulôn (perh. from Latin; MHG., mod.G. murmeln) to murmur, Gr. µορµύρειν to boil up (as the waves), Skr. marmara rustling sound.]
1. intr. To make, produce, or emit a low continuous sound.
c1386Chaucer Sqr.'s T. 196 They murmureden as dooth a swarm of Been. c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode iv. xiii, (1869) 182 Howndes gon abayinge up on him, murmuringe with here teth. 1589Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 45 All the companie began to murmure, and euery man to prepare his eye for so miraculous an obiect. 1712Addison Spect. No. 393 ⁋2, I have not heard a Bird sing, nor a Brook murmur. 1802Coleridge Picture 56 Listening only to the pebbly brook That murmurs with a dead, yet tinkling sound. 1873Black Pr. Thule xiv, Their conversation murmured around her unheeding ears. 1898W. K. Johnson Terra Tenebr. 107 Where the tall pine-trees murmur round the homestead.
2. To complain or repine in low muttered tones; to give vent to an inarticulate discontent, to grumble. Often with at, against.
1474Caxton Chesse ii. v. 61 The peple murmur and ryse agayn theyr lord. 1525Warham in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. iii. I. 371 It hathe been shewed me..that the people sore grudgethe and murmureth. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VI 175 b, The capitaines of his Nauy murmured against hym. Ibid., Edw. IV 239 b, Dyd oppugne, and wyth yll woordes murmur at the doyng thereof. 1665Manley Grotius' Low C. Warres 443 The multitude hereupon, murmured cruelly against Count Solmes. 1769Goldsm. Hist. Rome (1786) II. 11 Those veteran legions..began to murmur, for not having received the rewards which they had expected. 1860J. W. Warter Sea-board II. 161 He was never heard to murmur.
3. trans. To utter (sounds, words) in a low voice and indistinctly. Also with out.
1535Coverdale John vii. 32 And it came to the Pharises eares, that y⊇ people murmured soch thinges of him. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, ii. iii. 51, I be thee haue watcht, And heard thee murmore tales of Iron Warres. 1799Wordsw. Poet's Epitaph 39 He murmurs near the running brooks A music sweeter than their own. 1834Lytton Pompeii iii. i, He is murmuring curses on the temple, be sure. 1837Dickens Pickw. xxviii. 304 Gabriel murmured out something about its being very pretty. 1894A. Conan Doyle Mem. Sh. Holmes 41 My lips were parted to murmur out some sleepy words of surprise or remonstrance. 1897Mrs. Rayner Type-writer Girl x. 111 A clerk..murmured something inaudible about ‘conditions of sale’.
†4. Sc. To complain or grumble against, to animadvert upon the actions of; to accuse. Obs.
1478Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1879) I. 209 Nevyr to murmur Abbot na conuent or ellis frely to gyfe our his tak. 1518Burgh Rec. Edin. (1869) I. 178 He was hevely murmurit be the saidis provest..and communite of diuers gret faltis and wrangis. Ibid., Gif thai had murmurit him without caus thai to be ponist siclyke. 1676Sir J. Lauder Hist. Notices Sc. Affairs (Bannatyne Cl.) 120 Any who, without reason, misrepresented or murmured Judges and Magistrats for doing their offices. |