| 释义 |
▪ I. murrain, n. and a.|ˈmʌrɪn|
Forms: 4–5 moryne, 4–6 mor(e)yn(e, 5 morayne, morein, muran, murreyne, 5–6 moren, 6 morraine, -eine, -eyn(e, moryen, murrayne, -ein, murryn, 6–7 moraine, murraine, -en, -ion, 7 murain, murrin, myrren, 7– murrain.
[a. F. morine (12th– 13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.; AF. moryn 1321–2 in Rolls of Parlt.; Anglo-L. morina 13th c.) = Sp. morriña, Pg. morrinha cattle plague, commonly regarded as a derivative of L. morī to die; cf. It. moria plague.]
A. n.
†1. Plague, pestilence. Obs.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 16453 What for moryne, what for dere, ffewe þer wore þat might liue here. c1340[see manqualm]. 1430–40Lydg. Bochas iii. xx. (1494) m vj, Nye all his people was slayne in that moreyne. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 177 b, Famyn and pestilence or a morreyn wherof the people died in euery place. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 161 A murren, procured..by Iewish exorcismes intending a plague to the men.
fig.1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 265 b, There be many noble men..that are not coathed as yet with this Lutheran moraine.
†b. In imprecations: a murrain of (it), murrain meet them, murrain on (one), may a murrain or pestilence fall upon (some one). Also in exclamations of anger: with a murrain, what a (the) murrain, how a murrain. Obs.
a1530Heywood Weather (Brandl) 523 A myller wyth a moryn and a myschyefe, Who wolde be a myller as good be a thefe. c1560Ingelend Disobed. Child C j, What a Murryn I say, what a noyse doest thou make? c1560[Richardes] Misogonus i. iii. 12 A moringe lighte one that foules face of thine! 1575Gamm. Gurton i. iii, How a murryon came this chaunce. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. ii. i. 20 A red Murren o'th thy Iades trickes. 1607Dekker & Webster Westw. Hoe iv. i, Luce. Who am I? Tent. What the Murrion care I who you are. 1607Tourneur Rev. Trag. iii. vi, A murren meete 'em! 1611Tarlton's Jests (1638) A 2 b, A murren of that face. 1624Davenport City Nightcap iv. (1661) 36 Marry come up with a murren, from whence came you tro, ha? 1705Vanbrugh Confed. i. i, What the murrain have they to do with quality? 1711Steele Spect. No. 113 ⁋3 At last, with a Murrain to her, she cast her bewitching Eye upon me.
2. An epizootic disease in cattle.
1421Coventry Leet Bk. (E.E.T.S.) 25 We commaund þat no bocher sell noo beestis of moren, ne no roten Schep. c1450Merlin 3 Thei..tolde their maister the mervelle of the moreyn, that was fallen a-monge the bestes. 1514Barclay Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 37 Why lose we our sede, our labour, and expence? Where cometh moryen, & grevous pestylence? 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iii. (1586) 129 b, The Pestilence, or Murraine, is a common name, but there are diuers kindes of it. 1670Milton Hist. Eng. vi. Wks. 1851 V. 241 The next year..was calamitous, bringing strange fluxes upon men, and murren upon Cattel. 1715Garth Claremont 162 In fillets bound, a hallow'd band Taught how to tend the flocks,..Could tell what murrains in what months begun, And how the seasons travell'd with the Sun. 1758R. Brown Compl. Farmer (1759) 28 For the Garget, Plague, or Murrain in Bulls, Cows or Oxen. 1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 145 The early stage even of murrain is one of fever. 1884G. Fleming in Encycl. Brit. XVII. 57/2 It is now an established fact that murrains are all infectious.
b. transf.
1657S. Purchas Pol. Flying-Ins. 130 The murrain among bees is very rare. 1817Sporting Mag. L. 261 The roup, the gargut and the murrain, are terms often applied indiscriminately to the diseases of fowls. 1880Disraeli Endym. III. xiv. 141 A murrain had fallen over the whole of the potato crops in England.
†3. Flesh of animals that have died of disease; also in wider sense, dead flesh, carrion. Obs.
1382Wyclif Jer. vii. 33 And ben shal the moreyn [Vulg. morticinum populi] of this puple in to mete to the foules of heuene, and to the bestus of erthe. c1610in Gutch Coll. Cur. II. 15 That he bring no rotten flesh, no myrren, no sufferers, but lawful and wholesome for man's body.
†b. As a term of contempt (nonce-use).
1632Massinger & Field Fatal Dowry iii. i, If our fresh wits cannot turne the plots Of such a mouldy murrion on it selfe.
†4. Mortality (usually, by pestilence); occas. slaughter. Obs.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 387 Also Beda..seiþ: Pestilens of moreyn bare doun Hibernia. c1400Laud Troy Bk. 5708 He cleff Gregeis as men do swyn, He made of hem gret moryn. 1530Palsgr. 246/1 Moreyne dethe, mortalité; mourine. 1547–64Bauldwin Mor. Philos. (Palfr.) 32 The Athenians, being consumed with warres & morraine of people, to augment the city, decreed that euery man should haue two wiues. a1632T. Taylor God's Judgem. i. ii. xl. (1642) 303 By the murraine of men by pestilence..the tillage of the earth was put off.
5. attrib. and Comb.:
a. simple attrib., as murrain cattle, murrain flock, murrain sheep; murrain-rotted adj.
c1490Caxton Rule St. Benet aa viij b, They shall departe from the congregacyon, leest that suche a moreyne shepe empoysen and enfecte the residue of y⊇ flocke. 1590Shakes. Mids. N. ii. i. 97 Crowes are fatted with the murrion flocke. 1900H. Sutcliffe Shameless Wayne xix, Clear the pens of yond murrain-rotted ewes. 1902Westm. Gaz. 1 May 8/2 Tuberculous people and murrain cattle.
b. instrumental, as † murrain-strike v. (nonce-wd.), to infect with murrain.
1613Heywood Silver Age iii. i. H 1 b, Il'e breake thy plowes, thy Oxen murren-strike.
†B. adj. Ill-conditioned, ‘plaguy’. Also quasi-adv. as an intensive, ‘confoundedly’. Obs.
1575Gamm. Gurton ii. iv, It is a murrion crafty drab, and froward to be pleased. Ibid. iii. iv, Ich know thars not..A muryner cat than Gyb is, betwixt the Tems and Tyne. 1591Harington Orl. Fur. xii. xxxiv, Thou foole and murren lier. 1664Visct. Falkland Marriage Nt. iii. i. 25 That same's a murrain wise boy, if you mark him. 1728Vanbr. & Cib. Prov. Husb. i. 17 My Lady was in such murrain haste to be here, that set out she would.
Hence ˈmurrained a., infected with murrain. † ˈmurrainly adv., ‘plaguily’.
1548L. Shepherd John Bon (1808) 6 Ye are morenly well learned I se by your recknynge That ye wyll not forget such an eluyshe thynge. 1575Gamm. Gurton iii. ii, And yead bene here, cham sure yould murrenly ha wondred! 1831E. J. Trelawny Adv. Younger Son xciv, The Europeans..died like murrained sheep.
▪ II. murrain
obs. form of morion1. |