| 释义 |
muscarine Chem.|ˈmʌskərɪn, -iːn|
Also † muscarin.
[ad. G. muscarin (Schmiedeberg & Koppe Das Muscarin (1869) 2, f. L. muscārius (see muscarious a.): see -ine5.]
A quaternary ammonium base, C9H21NO3, which is a poisonous alkaloid found in the fungus Amanita muscaria and which produces copious secretion by the mucous and sweat glands, nausea, vomiting, contraction of the pupils, and laboured respiration.
1872Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXV. 830 The physiological action of muscarine is antagonistic to that of atropine. 1878tr. von Ziemssen's Cycl. Med. XVII. 936 Muscarine contracts the pupils. Ibid., Muscarine-poisoning. 1910Practitioner June 824 Putrefactive organisms split up proteins into..ptomaines—neurin, cholin, muscarin, cadaverin, [etc.]. 1914Dale & Ewins in Jrnl. Physiol. XLVIII. p. xxv, The choline esters hitherto examined, while showing the peripheral ‘muscarine’ action in small doses, show in larger doses..a nicotine-like action. 1940H. A. McGuigan Appl. Pharmacol. 576 The action of pilocarpine and muscarine..seems to be on the parasympathetic nerve endings and not directly on the gland cell. 1951J. Steinbeck Log from ‘Sea of Cortez’ (1958) 124 Muscarine, the active poisonous principle of Amanita muscaria and other fungi. 1951A. Grollman Pharmacol. & Therap. xiii. 246 Muscarine has never been used in medical practice because its powerful parasympathomimetic effects are so generalized as to make it impossible to elicit the desired effects in any given organ. 1961Q. Rev. XV. 154 The story of muscarine revolves round the presentation of three formulae, two erroneous ones C3H14O2N+ and C3H18O2N+, and the correct one C9H20O2N+.
Hence muscaˈrinic a., resembling (that of) muscarine; capable of responding to muscarine; muscaˈrinically adv., in a muscarinic manner.
1941Goodman & Gilman Pharmacol. Basis Therapeutics xix. 339 The nicotinic and muscarinic actions of acetylcholine can be strikingly demonstrated on the intestinal tract of..the tench. 1961Nature 25 Feb. 673/1 Observed differences in the muscarinic activities of the above isomers is [sic] therefore explicable in terms of differences in their fit at the muscarinic receptors. 1971Ibid. 16 Apr. 444/1 The muscarinically, weakly active substrates of acetylcholinesterase, acetylthiocholine..and acetylselenocholine..are antiplanar at τ2 and τ3 both in crystals and in solution. 1974Canad. Jrnl. Physiol. & Pharmacol. LII. 332/2 An alternative explanation..is based on the concepts that there exist separate binding subsites on the muscarinic receptor to accommodate the polar and nonpolar side chains of muscarinic agonists [etc.]. |