| 释义 |
Mussulman, n. and a.|ˈmʌsəlmən|
Forms: 6, 9 muselman, 7 moussiliman, mulsulman, muscelman, musilman, musleman, mussalman, mussalmone, mussilman, 7–9 musalman, musselman, mussleman, musulman, 9 moosulman, musselmann, mussulmaun, 7– mussulman. pl. -mans. Catachrestic pl. 7–9 -men.
[a. Pers. musulmān, primarily an adj. f. Pers. (a. Arab.) muslim: see Muslim. Cf. med.L. musulmānus (Aragon, 12th c.), F. musulman (fem. -an), Sp. musulman, -mano, Pg. musulmão, It. musulmano, G. muselmann.]
A. n.
1. A Muslim. Now arch.
1563–83Foxe A. & M. 759/2 And if it chaunce a Christian being on horsebacke, to meet or passe by a Musulman, that is a Turkish priest [etc.]. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. ii. xxi. 59 No Muselmans shall enter into their Mosques, without they be first wel washed and purified. 1615Bedwell Moham. Imp. i. §9 The Musselmans..do exercise themselues in feats of armes. 1632Lithgow Trav. v. 206 They call themselues Musilmans, to wit, good beleeuers. 1653H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. xv. 51 Saying that it was not lawful for any to enjoy the blessings of God, but the holy and just Moussilimans, such as they were. 1687Lond. Gaz. No. 2237/1 The Caimacan to raise money for the War, had sent to all the rich Musselmen. 1788Gibbon Decl. & F. l. V. 212 Prayer, fasting, and alms, are the religious duties of a Musulman. 1800Wellington in Gurw. Desp. (1837) I. 76 There are 4 musselmenn upon the island of Serringapatan. 1888Allnutt Cambr. Univ. Serm. 15 Mar. Cambr. Rev. p. lxii, We have only to look at the character of the prayers which every pious Musalman daily offers up.
2. [tr. G. muselmann.] pl. Mussulmans, Mussulmen [G. muselmänner]. Under the Third Reich, an inhabitant of a concentration camp or extermination camp who had reached a state of physical and emotional exhaustion in which he displayed fatalism and loss of initiative.
[1950H. Norden tr. E. Kogon's Theory & Practice of Hell xviii. 214 Not all the prisoners were what came to be known as ‘Moslems’, men who were physically and mentally broken, who allowed anything to be done to them.] 1953G. Reitlinger Final Solution xvii. 458 Most of those who died were just Mussulmen, the camp slang word for a walking skeleton wrapped up in a bit of blanket. The journey from Auschwitz,..for days on end in open trucks, freezing and without food, was alone sufficient to make a Mussulman. 1959M. Levin Eva 224 These..were the creatures called mussulmans..in the last stage, when they reacted only as brute animals. 1975N. Freeling What are Bugles blowing For? xxvii. 169 The man..has let himself die. It is a phenomenon similar to what was seen in the camps... The Musselmen they were called.
B. adj. Of or pertaining to Muslims. Now arch.
1684tr. Travernier's Trav. II. 46 If it [Persia] were..really sensible of Piety and the Musal-Man Faith. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 91 Here are a sort of bold, lusty, and most an end, drunken Beggars, of the Musslemen Cast. 1788Gibbon Decl. & F. l. V. 212 The gravest of the Musulman doctors imitate the modesty of their master. 1817Byron Beppo lxxxi, Less in the Mussulman than Christian way. 1883F. Day Indian Fish 17 A Mussalman tribe, composed of immigrants from Arabia.
Hence Mussulˈmanic, † ˈMussulmanish adjs. = Mussulman a.; ˈMussulmanism (now rare), Muhammadanism; ‖ Mussulmanlik [Turkish musulmānlik], the Mussulman faith, Islam; † ˈMussulmanlike a., Muslim; ˈMussulmanly adv. (rare—0), in the manner of Mussulmans (Craig 1849); † ˈMussulmans Anglo-Indian [cf. Moors], the Urdū language.
1599Hakluyt Voy. II. 159 As well in..Constantinople, as in other places of your Musulmanlike Empire. 1625Purchas Pilgrims II. ix. xv. 1610 From that time the Mussulmanlick beganne, that is, the true Beliefe. 1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 272 Hee dyed Anno Domini 273, and before the Hegira or Mussulmanish accompt 347. 1731Bailey vol. II. (ed. 2), Mussulmanism, Mahometanism. 1767J. Rennell MS. Let. in Yule 448/1 But the politest Language is the Moors or Mussulmans and Persian. 1800Chron. in Asiat. Ann. Reg. 53/2 The leopard, with a true Mussulmanic aversion for swine's flesh, rather avoided this animal. Ibid., Misc. Tr. 123/2 Several of the Mussulmans assert that Ally was the first person who embraced Mussulmanism. 1865Morn. Star 6 Mar., Rare as are conversions from Mussulmanism to Christianity,..yet fewer still are the instances in which the proselytes to either faith are women. 1900Dundee Advert. 29 Nov. 4 Mussulmanic theology. |