| 释义 |
▪ I. mutton|ˈmʌt(ə)n|
Forms: 4 moltoun; 3–5 motoun, 4 motone, 5 motene, 5–6 motonne, mot(t)on, mouton, 5–7 muton, 6 muttoun, mot(t)en, mutown, mutten, 5– mutton.
[ME. motoun, moton (rarely moltoun), a. OF. moton, rarely molton (mod.F. mouton) = Pr. multó-s, Catal. multo, OSp. moton, It. montone, Venetian moltone:—med.L. (8th c.) multōn-em, prob. f. Gaulish *multo-s (OIrish molt ram, Welsh mollt, Cornish mols, Breton maout).
Some scholars have conjectured that med.L. multōnem is a metathetic form of mutilōnem (of which Du Cange has one example) f. L. mutilus in the sense ‘deprived of horns’ or in the sense ‘castrated’; Diez compares mod. Pr. cabro mouta corresponding to L. capra mutila hornless goat. But it seems very unlikely that the Celtic forms can be unconnected; if they are from popular Latin the adoption must have taken place at a very early period.]
1. The flesh of sheep, used as food.
c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 472/344 Huy nomen with heom in heore schip at þat hem was leof, Gies and hennes, craunes and swannes and porc, motoun and beof. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxv. (Julian) 114 Sancte Julyane..In til his tyme wes na glotone, na wont wes nocht to ete motone. c1420Liber Cocorum (1862) 46 Take fresshe brothe of motene clene. c1450Two Cookery-bks. 72 Stwed Mutton. Take faire Mutton that hath ben roste,..and mynce it faire. c1460J. Russell Bk. Nurture 533 Mustard is meete for brawne beef, or powdred motoun. 1533More Answ. Poysoned Bk. Wks. 1059/1 Men bye bief or moten out of the bouchers shoppes. a1575Gascoigne Posies, Hearbes 147 Fiue flocks of sheepe coulde scarce mainteine good mutton for his house. 1620Venner Via Recta iii. 50 Of Mutton..that is the best, which is of an yeere or two olde. 1710–11Swift Jrnl. to Stella 19 Mar., They..had a breast of mutton and a pint of wine. 1848Clough Bothie v, Racing home for the eight o'clock mutton. 1870Yeats Nat. Hist. Comm. i. v. 49 Welsh sheep are small, but the mutton is renowned for the delicacy of its flavour. 1897‘Merriman’ In Kedar's Tents x, The steaming dish of mutton and vegetables.
2. a. A sheep; esp. one intended to be eaten. Now only jocular.
1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 174 A bouke of a motoun. 1390Gower Conf. I. 39 The Wolf in pes with the Moltoun. 1481Caxton Godeffroy clvii. 231 Oxen, Kyen, Motons and other vytaylles. 1565Lady Lovat in Fraser Polichron. (S.H.S.) 153 With twa mutowns yearly price of the pice thratin s. iiij d. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 37 Moldavia and Valachia do serve them with beeves and muttons. 1692R. L'Estrange Fables cccclxxxv. 461 The Sheep in this Fable was clearly too hard for the Two Doctors; and we find all those Reasonings to be true in the World, which the Mutton Alleges in the Fiction. 1795Cowper Needless Alarm 81 A mutton, statelier than the rest, A ram, the ewes and wethers, sad, address'd. 1833Penny Cycl. I. 448/2 The word mutton is sometimes used [in America], as it once was in England, to signify a sheep. 1839Thackeray Leg. St. Sophia of Kioff, A humble company of pious men, Like muttons in a pen.
b. The carcass of a sheep. Obs. or arch.
1607Topsell Hist. Four-f. Beasts (1658) 482 In many places they salt their Muttons when they are killed, and so eat them out of the pickle. 1625B. Jonson Staple of N. ii. iv, Goes to the Butchers, fetches in a muton. 1703W. Dampier Voy. III. i. 108, I was presented with half a Mutton. 1863Hawthorne Our Old Home (1864) II. 189 There were butchers shops..presenting no such generously fattened carcases as Englishmen love to gaze at in the market, no stupendous halves of mighty beeves, no dead hogs or muttons.
†c. spec. A wether, castrated ram. Obs.
14..Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 597/10 Multo, a wether or a moton. 1609Skene Reg. Maj. ii. 135 Ane man taken with reid hand, with ane sheip, or muton, or with ane calfe,..sould not be put to death, bot suld be scurged. 1655Moufet & Bennet Health's Improv. (1746) 143 Ewes and Rams are subject to far more Maladies than Muttons.
†3. Sc. Used as a term of contempt for a man.
1508Dunbar Flyting 241 Mauch muttoun, vyle buttoun, peilit gluttoun, air to Hilhouse. c1560A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) xxx. 32 Quha bene wt beistly lust abusit, I hald him bot ane muttoun.
4. slang. Food for lust; loose women, prostitutes. Also laced mutton: see laced ppl. a. 5. So, the genital organs of a woman; copulation; phr. to hawk one's mutton, (of a woman) to seek a lover, to solicit (cf. hawking ppl. a. s.v. hawk v.2). See also mutton-monger.
a1518Skelton Magnyf. 2265 And from thens to the halfe strete, To get vs there some freshe mete. Why, is there any store of rawe motton? 1538Bale Thre Lawes B iv b, What wylt thu fall to mutton?.. Ranke loue is full of heate. c1590Greene Fr. Bacon (1630) H 1 b, The old lecher hath gotten holy mutton to him, a Nunne, my Lord. c1590Marlowe Faustus (1604) C 4 b, I am one that loues an inch of raw Mutton better then an ell of fride stock fish, and the first letter of my name beginnes with leachery. 1636Heywood Love's Mistr. ii. i. Wks. 1874 V. 113 Lord of lamentations,..Mounsieur of mutton-lac'd. a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Mutton-in-long-coats, Women. 1864Hotten Slang Dict. (ed. 3) 184 Mutton, a contemptuous term for a woman of bad character... In that class of English society which does not lay any claim to refinement, a fond lover is often spoken of as being ‘fond of his mutton’. 1937Partridge Dict. Slang 380/2 Hawk one's mutton. 1939H. Hodge Cab, Sir? v. 53 He can't quite believe she hawks her mutton in hexagonal horn-rimmed spectacles. 1964N. Freeling Double-Barrel ii. viii. 65 In the army we used to say, of such and such a girl, nurse, waaf, whatever she was, ‘That one hawks her mutton.’ 1973‘J. Patrick’ Glasgow Gang Observed vii. 73 They're aw cows hawkin' their mutton.
†5. Short for mutton-candle (see 9 b). Obs.
1841J. T. J. Hewlett Parish Clerk III. 174 A flight of sparrows..would flutter into the chapel and fan out the muttons with their wings. 1859Thackeray Virgin. xxv, Let us..bless Mr. Price and other Luciferous benefactors of mankind, for banishing the abominable mutton of our youth.
6. Stock Exchange. (See quots.)
1881Daily News 1 Feb. 3/1 The tithes and muttons (as the tax on live stock is called) bring in 200,000 liras. 1887G. D. Atkin House Scraps 16 Muttons, Turks 1873. 1896 Farmer & Henley Slang s.v., Mutton in pl. (Stock Exchanges).—The Turkish loans of 1865 and 1873. (From being in part secured on the sheep-tax.)
7. In various phrases. as dead as mutton: quite dead. to take (or eat) a bit of (or one's) mutton with: to dine with. to return to one's muttons (jocular), to return to the matter in hand (after F. revenons à nos moutons); so, to resume one's muttons; conversely, to stick to one's muttons. mutton dressed as lamb: an elderly or middle-aged woman dressed (coiffured, painted, etc.) as though she were young. to be one's muttons (N.Z.): see quot. 1941.
1714Mandeville Fab. Bees (1733) II. 43 If you will come and eat a bit of mutton with me tomorrow, I'll see no body but yourself. 1821M. Edgeworth Let. 19 Dec. (1971) 297, I think he is winning..the heart of Lady Caroline—But to return to my muttons. 1838Thackeray Second Lect. Fine Arts Wks. 1900 XIII. 280 But let us return to our muttons. 1838P. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 141, I shot him [a swan] as dead as mutton. 1856Reade Never too Late xii, Will you eat your mutton with me to-day, Palmer? 1880Disraeli Endym. lxxvi, Will you take your mutton with me? 1895Kipling Brushwood Boy in Day's Work (1898) 348 Look at young Davies makin' an ass of himself over mutton-dressed-as-lamb old enough to be his mother! 1903A. Bennett Leonora iii. 72, I shall have to return to my muttons directly. 1922Joyce Ulysses 541 Passée. Mutton dressed as lamb. 1930Punch 28 May 606/3 Both houses, having dealt with the Whitsuntide holidays, resumed their muttons. 1933Sun (Baltimore) 3 Mar. 6/7 Let's stick to our muttons, old man radio, and make it music alone. 1937D. L. Sayers Busman's Honeymoon xv. 307 Aggie Twitterton. Runs arter 'im like an old cat... At 'er age! Mutton dressed as lamb. 1940National Education (Wellington, N.Z.) Feb. 17 Milk, however, is small Charlie's muttons. 1941Baker N.Z. Slang vi. 54 The farming community has given us [this century] another useful expression in our muttons. When we speak of something being our muttons or a person's muttons we mean that it is regarded with particular favour, that we like it especially well. 1943A. Hastings Bright Conversations 24 Stick to your muttons, and don't talk tripe. 1967V. S. Naipaul Mimic Men i. iii. 41 Our middle-aged ladies, mutton dressed as lamb, as our barman says. 1974N. Marsh Black as he's Painted i. 31, I digress... Shall we return to our muttons?
8. Printing. = mutton quad (mutton 9 b).
1938Amer. Speech XIII. 270 An em quad is a space the square of the type body... In the shop..frequently called muttons or monkeys. 1960G. A. Glaister Gloss. Book 122/2 The popular name for an em quad is mutton.
9. a. attrib., as mutton † -bouk Sc., mutton-chine, mutton-cutlet, mutton-gravy, mutton-pasty, mutton-pie, † mutton-steak, mutton-suet.
1524Burgh Rec. Stirling (1887) 20 Ane *mutton buke.
1712Prior Extemp. Invitation to Earl of Oxford 4 If They can Dine On Bacon-Ham, and *Mutton-chine.
1730Swift Lady's Dressing Room 99 *Mutton-Cutlets, prime of Meat. 1860Sala Badd. Peerage xx. II. 44 The whiskers confined to the mutton cutlet form and size.
1675H. Woolley Gentlew. Comp. 139 With some *Mutton-gravy, beat or shake them well together in the Pan.
1775Ash, *Muttonpasty, a muttonpie. 1900Sutcliffe Shameless Wayne iii, A breakfast of mutton-pasty and ham.
1696Salmon Fam. Dict. (ed. 2), *Mutton-Pye. 1712Addison Spect. No. 367 ⁋4 They [sheets of the ‘Spectator’]..make a good Foundation for a Mutton pye. 1805T. S. Surr Winter in Lond. (1806) I. 196 An old mutton-pie man was run over as he was crossing Piccadilly.
1728Ramsay Fables, Miser & Minos 4 Frae his hoords he doughtna take As much would buy a *mutton-stake.
1706London & Wise Retir'd Gard. I. 85 An Ounce and a half of *Mutton Suet. 1844Stephens Bk. Farm II. 107 Mutton-suet is used in the manufacture of common candles.
b. Special combinations: mutton-bone, (a) the bone remaining from a joint of mutton; (b) quasi-arch., app. the game of knuckle-bone; † mutton-broker = mutton-monger; mutton-broth, a broth made from mutton; mutton-candle, a candle made of mutton-fat (see 5); mutton cloth (see quot. 1957); † mutton-cumber [? after cowcumber = cucumber], some kind of cucumber; † mutton-driver, a sheep-stealer; mutton-faced a., having a face suggestive of mutton (as a term of abuse); mutton fat, (a) the fat of mutton; also attrib.; (b) = mutton-candle; in full, mutton-fat candle; (c) used attrib. and absol. of jade to designate a creamy white colour valued highly by connoisseurs; mutton-fist slang, (a) a large red coarse hand, also applied to a person having such a hand; (b) a printer's index-hand (Jacobi Printers' Vocab. 1888); mutton-fisted a., clumsy, heavy-handed; also fig.; † mutton haft, ? a knife-handle of sheep's bone; mutton-ham, (a) the thigh of a sheep cured in the same fashion as ham; (b) a sail used in certain fishing-smacks in America, so mutton-ham boat; mutton-head orig. U.S., a dull, stupid person; mutton-headed a. slang and dial., dull, stupid; mutton-leg sleeve = leg-of-mutton sleeve; † mutton-light, a mutton-candle; mutton measles, ‘the cysticercus of the flesh of the sheep; probably the larval form of Tænia tenella’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1891); mutton quad Printers' slang, an em quad; † mutton-saddle, ? a saddle of mutton; mutton-sheep, ? a sheep bred for meat, not for wool; mutton-snapper West Indian, ‘a large fish of the Mesoprion genus’ (Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 1867); † mutton-tea, ? mutton-broth, cf. beef-tea; mutton-thumper U.S. slang, ‘a bungling bookbinder’ (Cent. Dict. 1890); † mutton tugger, ? a whore-monger; † mutton-water, ? mutton-broth; mutton-wood, ‘a composite tree (Olearia Colensoi) of New Zealand;—so called because it grows on islands frequented by mutton-birds’ (Webster's Suppl. 1902). See also mutton-bird, mutton-chop, mutton-fish, mutton-monger.
1785Wolcot (P. Pindar) Lyric Odes xi. (1786) 31 The curs..Show'd anxiousness about the *mutton bone. 1843Thackeray Men's Wives, Dennis Haggarty's Wife, A dirty table-cloth was laid for dinner, some bottles of porter and a cold mutton-bone being laid out on a rickety grand-piano hard by. 1849James Woodman xxxv, Two of his servants were engaged in the ancient game of mutton-bones.
1694Motteux Rabelais (1737) V. 217 Procurers, and *Mutton-Brokers.
1655J. Phillips Satyr agst. Hypocrites 14 Nor was it *mutton-broth, nor veal broth neither. 1881Besant & Rice Chapl. of Fleet i. xiii, Have a cup of mutton-broth for him when he wakes.
1848Thackeray Van. Fair v, If a pound of *mutton-candles cost sevenpence-halfpenny, how much [etc.].
1923Daily Mail 12 Mar. 2 (Advt.), Stockinette is white *mutton cloth in its new form, and everyone knows there is nothing to beat it for any kind of cleaning or polishing. 1957Textile Terms & Definitions (Textile Inst.) (ed. 3) 67 Mutton cloth, a plain-knitted fabric of loose texture, usually cotton, made on a multi-feeder circular knitting machine.
1695W. Westmacott Script. Herb. 47 Cucumbers or *Mutton-cumbers..being so commonly known.
1508Dunbar Flyting 246 *Muttoun dryver, girnall ryver, ȝad⁓swyvar, fowll fell the.
1892Stevenson & Osbourne Wrecker xii. 193 ‘You ―, ―, little, *mutton-faced Dutchman,’ Nares would bawl.
1863Le Fanu House by Churchyard (ed. 2) III. 127 The *mutton-fat wanted snuffing. 1864Le Fanu Uncle Silas III. xvii. 259 The imperfect light of our mutton-fat candle. 1900A. R. Colquhoun The ‘Overland’ to China viii. 163 The mutton-fat dips which they are intended to burn are only lighted for a few minutes in each month. 1912B. Laufer Jade xii. 328 A brown-red tinge passing into light-yellow shades is strewn over a background of a glossy white which the Chinese designate as mutton-fat. 1920‘K. Mansfield’ Let. 20 May (1928) II. 34 A flamingo in a cage made of mutton-fat jade. 1935[see Ch'ien Lung]. 1936J. Goette Jade Lore vi. 104 White jade from Central Asia..shows a greater range than does the Burmese. The native connoisseur has always put great emphasis on what he terms mutton fat. 1969F. Koval tr. O. Luzzatto-Bilitz's Antique Jade 46 White jade which is slightly translucent and opalescent is called by the Chinese ‘Mutton-Fat Jade’.
1664Cotton Scarron. i. 18 Lifting his *Mutton-fists to th' skies. 1865Hotten's Slang Dict., Mutton-fist, an uncomplimentary title for any one having a large coarse red hand.
1918*Mutton-fisted [see ham-handed adj. (ham n.1 3)]. 1927Observer 27 Nov. 6 A critic of his central sound sense..and mutton-fisted manner of calling a spade a spade. 1934Times Lit. Suppl. 22 Nov. 813/2 But he [sc. a hunter] was naturally a little headstrong, and a mutton-fisted stable-boy speedily made of him an incurable puller. 1965D. Francis For Kicks ix. 120, I worked in a slovenly fashion and rode..like a mutton-fisted clod.
1668Dryden Even. Love iv. iii, Here's the sixpenny whittle you gave me, with the *mutton haft.
a1791Grose Olio, Grumbler xvi. (1796) 68 A fine plate of *mutton-ham was next set on the table. 1839Mag. Dom. Econ. IV. 119 The mutton hams cured in the highlands of Scotland and at the Cape of Good Hope.
1899Atlantic Monthly Aug. 197 (title of art.) In a *mutton-ham boat. Ibid., Her mutton-ham fluttered as white as new cotton around her single mast. I more than once sought to learn why Albemarle and Pamlico fishing smacks call their huge sails ‘mutton-ham’.
1803T. G. Fessenden Terrible Tractoration (ed. 2) iv. 159 And couldst thou, pertinacious B—, But maul these *mutton heads, most sadly. 1825J. Neal Bro. Jonathan I. 99 Peace, mutton-head! 1928D. H. Lawrence Woman who rode Away 209 That fool, Joe, standing there like a mutton⁓head! 1938H. Nicolson Let. 11 July (1966) 349, I suppose that some mutton-head might say [etc.]. 1960I. Wallach Absence of Cello 160 I'm neither an oaf, a boor, or a muttonhead. 1972‘J. & E. Bonett’ No Time to Kill xi. 148 Bone-heads, that's what you are. Mutton-heads. Idiots.
1768Woman of Honor III. 29 A poor *mutton-headed flock, ready to follow any bell-weather. 1897G. Bartram People of Clopton ii. 49 He were sich a mutton-headed fool theer were no valley in ootwittin' him. 1934Wodehouse Right Ho, Jeeves xix. 242 She had caused all the trouble by her mutton-headed behaviour in saying ‘Yes’ instead of ‘No’. 1942E. Paul Narrow St. xx. 164 A mutton-headed obstinate father.
1830Ladies' Mag. III. 183 Think of such terms as *mutton leg sleeves, for example. 1845Lowell (Mass.) Offering V. 201 Here is a piece of the first dress I ever saw, cut with what were called ‘mutton-leg’ sleeves. 1922Joyce Ulysses 431 In..widow Twankey's blouse with muttonleg sleeves buttoned behind.
1795Wolcot (P. Pindar) Pindariana Wks. 1812 IV. 180 Nay while a *mutton-light remains A sun with us no credit gains But yields to every Farthing Candle.
1871Amer. Encycl. Printing (ed. Ringwalt), *Mutton Quad, a slang term, in English printing-offices, for em quad.
1761Armstrong Day, Epist. J. Wilkes 160 But let me ne'er of *mutton-saddle eat.
1842Ld. Western in Bischoff Woollen Manuf. (1842) II. 380 A request..that I would fairly try how far it was possible, to make them into *mutton sheep.
1786R. Willan in Med. Commun. II. 117 He had this day some *mutton tea.
c1600in Wood Life (O.H.S.) I. 293 [The Oxford colleges are] the nurseries of wickedness, the nests of *mutton tuggers, the dens of formall droanes.
1768in Med. Observ. (1772) IV. 62 She had thrown up some *mutton-water which had been prescribed for common drink.
▪ II. mutton
variant of mouton (French coin). |