| 释义 |
aperture|ˈæpətjʊə(r)|
[ad. L. apertūra, f. apert- ppl. stem of aperīre to open: see -ure.]
†1. The process of opening. Obs.
1669Holder Elem. Speech (J.) From an appulse to an aperture, is easier than from one appulse to another. 1686Goad Celest. Bod. i. vi. 21 The aperture and explication of the willing Flower. 1708Phil. Trans. XXVI. 170 His Brother..desired an Eminent Surgeon..to open him; but as the Aperture was to be perform'd gratis, he put it off.
†2. The opening up of what is involved, intricate, restricted. Obs. rare.
1649Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. Add. v. §4 The apertures and permissions of marriage have such restraints of modesty and prudence, that, etc. 1660― Worthy Commun. Introd. 8 The aperture and dissolution of distinctions.
3. An opening, an open space between portions of solid matter; a gap, cleft, chasm, or hole; the mouth of the shell of a mollusc.
1665Glanvill Sceps. Sci. vi. 26 If memory be made by the easy motion of the Spirits through the open passages, images, without doubt, pass through the same apertures. 1696Whiston Th. Earth iv. (1722) 409 So much Water was run down..as the Apertures could receive. 1794Sullivan View Nat. II. 88 The internal structure..may be compared to a spunge, though the apertures cannot in general be perceived. 1856Woodward Fossil Shells 44 The thickening and contraction of the aperture in the univalves.
4. Optics. The space through which light passes in any optical instrument (though there is no material opening). Also attrib. aperture number, aperture ratio (see quot. 1953).
1664Phil. Trans. I. 19, I saw..with one Aperture of my glass more than 40 or 50. 1751Chambers Cycl. s.v., The focal distances of the eye-glasses are to be proportional to the Apertures. 1879Lockyer Elem. Astron. vi. 218 The aperture of the object-glass, that is to say, its diameter. 1879H. Grubb in Proc. R. Dubl. Soc. 181 That roundness and relief that is admired so much in photographs taken with large aperture lenses. 1889W. A. Watts in Year-bk. Photogr. 1889 91 The desirability of ascertaining the aperture ratio (f/n) of each stop employed is universally admitted. 1953Amos & Birkinshaw Telev. Engin. I. 166 The aperture number or aperture ratio, which is defined as the ratio of the focal length of the system to the diameter of the entrance pupil.
5. ‘In some Writers of Geometry, the Inclination, or Leaning of one Right-line towards another, which meet in a point and make an Angle.’ Phillips 1706.
So in Chambers 1751, Hutton 1796.
6. The opening in the sight of a rifle. Usu. attrib., as aperture sight.
a1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl. 43/1 Aperture-sight, another name for the open bead-sight. 1913A. G. Fulton Notes on Rifle Shooting 8 In choosing an aperture backsight, a pattern which is perfectly rigid throughout..should be chosen... One can hardly be better than the latest No. 9c B.S.A. aperture sight. Ibid. 9 The size of aperture depends..on the individual. 1915F. H. Lawrence Let. 26 Apr. in Home Lett. T. E. Lawrence (1954) 708 If Pearson wants my rifle sell it him. The aperture back sight wants to be screwed down tight. |