| 释义 |
‖ Narodnik
(nəˈrɒdnɪk, ‖ naˈrodɲik)
Also narodnik. Pl. Narodniki, Narodniks.
[Russ., f. narod people + -nik.]
A supporter of the type of populist agrarian socialism originating amongst the Russian intelligentsia in the late 1860s which regarded the peasants and intelligentsia as the only revolutionary forces and denied the revolutionary role of the working class; one who tries to educate politically communities of rural or urban poor while sharing the conditions of their lives. Also attrib. and transf. Hence Naˈrodnikism, the theory of making political power a reality for the masses.
1885E. Noble Russ. Revolt 204 In the spring of 1877 the members of a revolutionary society called the ‘Narodniki’ (Party of the People) ‘went to the people’, establishing a large number of propaganda centres along the line of the Volga. 1904G. Drage Russ. Affairs i. 51 A party arose who called themselves Narodniki (Nationalists). 1921M. P. Price My Reminisc. Russ. Revolution ii. 27 The Narodniks therefore preached ‘back to the land’. 1929L. Krassin Leonid Krassin vii. 58 The Narodniki, the first organised agrarian party, welcomed..common possession of the soil. 1950E. H. Carr Bolshevik Revolution I. i. i. 4 For the past thirty years [sc. 1868–98] the leading Russian revolutionaries had been the narodniks—a composite name for a succession of revolutionary groups believing in the theory of peasant revolution and in the practice of terrorism against members of the autocracy. Ibid. iii. 52 The peasantry remained for the Mensheviks an essentially anti-revolutionary force; any revolutionary policy which counted on its support was a reversion to the narodnik heresy of a peasant revolution. 1965New Statesman 20 Aug. 240/1 Last year's Mississippi Summer Project..was..composed of young Southern Negroes and Northern students on the staff of the Student Non-Violent Co-ordinating Committee... They were the original narodniks of the movement. 1966Economist 3 Sept. 887/2 A new narodnik movement, a fresh attempt by the intellectuals to ‘go to the people’. 1969J. Saul in Ionescu & Gallner Populism 135 It may seem useful to lump together Russian Narodnikism and North American Populism..because both represent largely rural responses to..‘capitalism’ or ‘modernization’ or ‘industrialization’. 1970G. Jackson Let. 25 Mar. in Soledad Brother (1971) 197 The dialectic between Narodnik and Nihilist should never break down. 1971Graphic (Durban) 7 May 12/2 Her aunts were active in the populist narodniki movement [in Russia]. |