| 释义 |
naturalize, v.|ˈnætjʊərəlaɪz|
[ad. F. naturaliser (16th c.): see natural a. and -ize, and cf. It. naturalizzare (Florio).]
I.
1. trans. To admit (an alien) to the position and rights of citizenship; to invest with the privileges of a native-born subject.
1605Verstegan Dec. Intell. viii. (1628) 263 A name of Naturalizing or making the bearer thereof a free Denizen. 1667Sprat Hist. R. Soc. 64 By their naturalizing Men of all Countries, they have laid the beginnings of many great advantages. 1709Steele Tatler No. 13 ⁋2 All the French Refugees in those dominions [Holland] are to be naturalized. 1753Scots Mag. June 269/1 The King..had a power to naturalize any foreigner. 1792J. Barlow Constit. 1791, 37 Many of your citizens have been naturalized. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. III. i. i, We, by act of Assembly, ‘naturalise’ the chief Foreign Friends of Humanity. 1891J. Winsor Columbus xx. 479 She..naturalized his brother Diego to fit him for ecclesiastical preferment.
fig.1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. iv. xx. 348 Valour naturalizing a brave spirit through the Universe. a1653Gouge Comm. Heb. xi. 21 The children of Joseph..are..naturalized by Jacob, and made free Denisons of the Church. 1766Cunningham Prol. Merch. Ven. 18 This Shylock, the Jew,..Was naturaliz'd oft by your fathers before ye. 1825Lamb Elia Ser. ii. Stage Illusion, We love in comedy to see an audience naturalised behind the scenes.
absol.1625Bacon Ess., Greatness Kingd. ⁋6 They haue not had that vsage, to Naturalize liberally.
b. Const. into, to. Chiefly in fig. uses.
1606Dekker Sev. Sins vii. (Arb.) 46 Remember..that your Seruants are your adopted Children, they are naturalized into your bloud. 1622Donne Serm. cliv. Wks. 1839 VI. 145 Persons..not naturalized by conversion..from another religion to this. 1667Waterhouse Fire Lond. 107 Whose Credit..lewred Strangers out of their Countrys to reside in it, and kept them here, and naturalized them to it. 1713Steele Guardian No. 5 ⁋1 My obligations of it are such as might well naturalize me into the interests of it. 1813Croker in Examiner 22 Feb. 118/2 We naturalized foreign seamen into our service.
2. To introduce or adopt (a word, practice, thing, etc.) into a country or into common use; to put on a level with what is native.
1593Peele Hon. Garter 42 Harington,..That hath so purely naturalized Strange words, and made them all free denizens. 1612Selden Illustr. Drayton's Poly-olb. i. 40, I have like liberty to naturalize that word [transanimation], as Lipsius had to make it a Roman. a1674Clarendon Hist. Reb. xi. §161 This Proposition..seemed to naturalize Rebellion, and to make it current in the Kingdom. 1702S. Parker tr. Cicero's De Finibus i. 1 When I first attempted to naturalize the Notions and Arguments, which the Grecian Philosophers have. 1756Nugent Montesquieu's Spir. Laws xxii. xxi, These continual changes..naturalized usury at Rome. 1801Med. Jrnl. V. 556 To carry back the vaccine virus into his department, with a view to propagate and naturalize it. 1866Rogers Agric. & Prices I. xxii. 571 The yard was naturalized as an English measure.
fig.1633G. Herbert Temple, Ch. Porch lxi, Keep all thy native good, and naturalize All forrain of that name.
3. To introduce (animals or plants) to places where they are not indigenous, but in which they may flourish under the same conditions as those which are native. (Chiefly const. in.)
c1708(title) Canary Birds Naturalized in Utopia. 1711Addison Spect. No. 69 ⁋5 Our Melons, our Peaches..are Strangers among us,..naturalized in our English Gardens. 1763Nat. Hist. in Ann. Reg. 68/2 A great variety of African plants have, as it were, been naturalised in the American settlements. 1842J. Bischoff Woollen Manuf. II. 342 An essay on the means and advantages of naturalizing the alpaca in this country. 1845Darwin Voy. Nat. vi. (1852) 120 No doubt many plants besides the cardoon and fennel are naturalized.
4. refl. To become fully settled or established in a place or in new surroundings.
1646J. Hall Horæ Vac. 96 Customs insensibly Naturalize themselves. 1824Southey Sir T. More (1831) I. 53 An endemic malady..has naturalized itself among your American brethren. 1827H. Steuart Planter's G. (1828) 296 From the singular steadfastness of the stem, they soon naturalize themselves to the spot. 1853J. H. Newman Hist. Sk. (1873) II. i. ii. 74 They were brought into it by the Roman Government.., but they never naturalized themselves there.
5. intr. To become naturalized; to settle down in a natural manner.
1660F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 398 Divers of ours being taken, have naturalized amongst them. 1821Jeffrey Let. to C. Wilkes 15 Apr., We do not allow ourselves..to naturalise in London. 1877M. M. Grant Sun-Maid viii, How did you get them all to naturalise here?
II.
†6. trans.
a. To familiarize or accustom (one) in or to a thing. Obs. rare.
1601Shakes. All's Well i. i. 223, I will returne perfect Courtier, in the which my instruction shall serue to naturalize thee. 1651Hartlib Clavis Apocal. Ded., An emploiment whereunto..God hath naturalized my affections.
†b. To convert to or into (something) by custom; to make (a thing) natural or familiar (to a person). Obs. rare.
1606Warner Alb. Eng. xvi. ci. 401 Prescription doth naturalize in Court Some Errors to a habit. a1667South Serm. (1697) I. 30 Custom has naturalized his Labour to him. 1742Young Nt. Th. ix. 41 Conscience, deadened by repeated strokes, Has into manners naturaliz'd our crimes.
7. a. To bring into conformity with nature; to free from conventionality.
1603Florio Montaigne iii. v. (1632) 491 Were I of the trade I would naturalize Arte, as much as they Artize nature. 1789Smyth tr. Aldrich's Archit. (1818) 12 Masaccio, the first painter who naturalized the stiff manner of Giotto. 1867Barry Life Sir C. Barry iv. 127 A style thoroughly naturalized.
b. To reduce to a purely natural basis; to free from the supernatural or miraculous.
1647M. Hudson Div. Right Govt. ii. x. 158 The inward satisfaction of conscience..is that alone which doth naturalize these supernaturall duties. 1652Persuasive 5 It shall not be the project of this Discourse, either to naturalize, or make invalid the Lines of Princes. 1823Bentham Not Paul 305 Willing to contradict the falsity, and thus naturalize the miracle. 1858Sears Athan. 7 The Divine Being himself is naturalized and brought down to the plane of these conceptions. a1882T. H. Green Proleg. Ethics Introd. (1883) 9 To stand in the way of the scientific impulse to naturalise the moral man.
†8. intr. To adopt methods in conformity with, or indicated by, nature. Obs. rare—1.
1628Wither Brit. Rememb. ii. 271 Some did a little further nat'rallize, And these unto the Ayre would sacrifize..pure Frankincense or Myrrhe... They hoped these might purge ill ayres.
9. To pursue the studies of a naturalist.
1787F. Burney Diary 27 Feb., The mountains of Wales, where both had been naturalizing thirteen years ago. 1840E. Forbes in Wilson & Geikie Life ix. (1861) 269 Going to naturalize in the Mediterranean for a couple of years. 1861Wilson & Geikie Ibid. 250 Forbes returned to the Isle of Man, where he remained two months, naturalizing, as was his wont. |