| 释义 |
▪ I. naught, n., a., and adv.|nɔːt|
Forms: α. 1 náwuht, 1, 3–4 -wiht, (3 -wihht), 4 -wight; 3–4 nawit, (4 -wete). β. 1 nawht, 1–3 nauht, naht, (3 nah), 2–3 nacht, 3–4 naȝt, (4 naght; 3 naþt, 5 natht), 4–5 nauȝt(e, 4 nawȝt), 4– naught, (6 naugh). γ. 1–3 nawt, 3, 6 naut, 6 nawtt, nawlt.
[OE. náwuht, -wiht, f. ná na adv.1 + wuht, wiht wight n.; cf. OFris. nawet, nauwet, nauet, naut. In northern ME. texts the full form nawight may represent OE. nánwiht rather than náwiht. For the history of the forms belonging to the OE. variant nówiht see nought.]
A. n.
1. Nothing, nought. (Now arch.)
αc897K. ælfred Gregory's Past. C. xliv. 328 (Hatton) Me hyngrede, & ᵹe me nawuht [Cotton nauht] ne sealdun etan. c900tr. Bæda's Hist. ii. x. [xiii.] (1890) 134 Eallinga nawiht mæᵹenes ne nyttnesse hafað sio æfæstnes. c1000Ags. Ps. (Th.) xiv. 5 Se þe þone awyrᵹdan for nawuht hæfð. a1240Saules Warde in O.E. Hom. I. 255 Hwet se beo of heardes, ne drede ich nawiht nesches.
βc888K. ælfred Boeth. iii. §2 Ðis Mod..nauht elles nat butan gnornunga. 971Blickl. Hom. 53 Þa halᵹan..þe on þyssum life naht ne sohton. a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1072 He þær naht ne funde þæs þe him þe bet wære. 1340Ayenb. 131 Þanne yefþ him god iuele þet mannes miȝte ne is naȝt and þet he ne may naȝt. c1386Chaucer Prol. 756 Boold of his speche, and wys and wel ytaught, And of manhood him lakked right naught [v.rr. noȝt, nouht]. c1450Merlin 18 Leet my moder be in pese that natht knoweth of that thow puttest on hir. 1535Coverdale 2 Macc. vii. 28 God made them and mans generacion of naught. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 113 The Pope had the more hate vnto him, for that he had brought him vp of naught. 1629Milton Hymn Nativ. xxiv, Naught but profoundest Hell can be his shroud. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 572 Unconstrain'd he nothing tells for naught. 1738Swift Pol. Conversat. 46 You have the old Proverb on your Side, Naught's ne'er in Danger. 1797Coleridge Christabel 1, Naught was green upon the oak, But moss and rarest mistletoe. 1885–94R. Bridges Eros & Psyche July viii, Till seeing nothing lack'd and naught was theirs, Their happiness fell from them unawares.
b. In phr. to bring, † do, come, go to naught.
c888K. ælfred Boeth. x, Ne eart þu no eallunga to nauhte ᵹedon. c1000Ags. Ps. (Th.) lix. 11 He sona mæᵹ ure fynd ᵹedon fracoþe to nahte [= cvii. 12 to nawihte]. a1175Cott. Hom. 223 Forði is se man beter..Þanne oðre ȝesceafte..for þan þe hi alle ȝewrðeð to nachte. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 9421 Hii asailede þe verste ost & broȝte almest to naȝte. 1535Coverdale 2 Esdras i. 11 In y⊇ east haue I brought two landes and people to naught. 1611Cotgr., Perir,..to come to ruine, or to naught. 1668–9Pepys Diary 6 Mar., He joins with me in his fears that all will go to naught, as matters are now managed.
c. to set at naught, set naught by: see set v.1
†d. to call (rarely to speak) all to naught, to abuse or decry vehemently. Obs.
Originally perh. = all too naught, altogether too bad.
1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. Table, Dionysius would call Aristippus foole and all to naught. 1559–1592 [see all adv. 12]. 1655W. Gurnall Chr. in Arm. verse 14. xviii. § 1 (1669) 68/2 His enemies from this take advantage to speak him all to naught. 1705Hickeringill Priest-cr. iii. Wks. 1716 III. 151 Queen Elizabeth..reigned..above 30 Years after the Pope had call'd her all to naught.
†e. to be naught, to efface oneself, to keep quiet or withdraw. Usually in imperative. Obs.
1593Peele Edw. I E 2 b, Let go and be naught I say. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. i. i. 39 Be better employed, and be naught a while. 1606Chapman Gentl. Usher Plays 1873 I. 289 Kisse her; yfaith you must; get you togither and be naughts awhile, get you together. a1625Fletcher Hum. Lieutenant v. iii, So, get ye together, and be naught!
†2. Wickedness, evil, moral wrong, mischief. Obs. (In later use chiefly to do naught.)
c897K. ælfred Gregory's Past. C. xxxv. 241 Ðonne mon onᵹiet mid hwelcum stæpum ðæt nawht [L. nequitia] wæs ðurhtoᵹen. c1000Ags. Ps. (Th.) lviii. 2 ᵹenere me fram niþe naht [L. iniquitatem] fremmendra.
1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 61 The Magistrate doeth naught [L. inique facit], but you doe muche worse. 1594Shakes. Rich. III, i. i. 99, I tell thee Fellow, he that doth naught with her (excepting one) were best to do it secretly alone. 1649Lovelace Poems 72 Naught [shall] be ignote not so much out of Feare Of being punisht, as offending Her. 1656Sanderson Serm. (1689) 207 From doing nothing proceed to doing naught.
†b. That which is wrong or faulty in method.
1557Tusser 100 Points Husb. xxxii, All soules that be thursty, bid threshe out for mawlt: well handled and tended, or els thou dost nawlt. 1578Lyte Dodoens 38 Ignorant Apothecaries do dayly use it in steede of the right Cotyledon, wherein they do naught, and commit manifest errour. 1658A. Fox Würtz' Surg. i. ii. 4 Naught will be naught, and never good, though it had been practised a thousand years.
3. With a and pl.
†a. A thing of no worth or value. Obs. rare.
Only in pl. adjectival predicate, prob. not derived from the similar OE. use of náhtas or náhtes.
1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 186 The bokes are erronious and naughtes. 1552Latimer Serm. Gosp. xii. 219 These studies..and such other vayne desires are naughtes and foolishe.
†b. pl. Nothing, nought. Obs. rare.
1559Mirr. Mag., Dk. Suffolk vii, To which I gaue nigh fiue times fyue assaultes, Tyl at the last they yelded it for naughtes. 1586Kyd Wks. (1901) 340 Thy crop of corne is tares auailing naughts.
c. Arith. A cipher, a nought.
1649Milton Eikon. xxvii. Wks. 1851 III. 513 After all thir paines and travell to be dissolv'd, and cast away like so many Naughts in Arithmetick. 1825M. E. (title) Airy Nothings: or Scraps and Naughts, and Odd-cum-Shorts. 1879Meredith Egoist xix, ‘There is a figure naught’, said he.
†d. An evil or wicked thing. (Cf. 2.) Obs.—1
a1639W. Whately Prototypes ii. xxix. (1640) 182 Here is revenge, filthinesse and fraud, and a number of naughts put together to make each other worse.
e. (From B. 2.) One who is bad.
1657Trapp Comm. Esther vii. 7 Unlesse it be Harang, that naughtiest of all naughts. 1854Mrs. Gaskell North & S. xviii, ‘The law expenses would have been more than the hands themselves were worth—a set of ungrateful naughts!’ said his mother.
B. adj. [Orig. the n. in predicative use.] Freq. in the strengthened form stark naught: see
1. Of no worth or value; good for nothing; worthless, useless, bad, poor.
c888K. ælfred Boeth. xxxvi. §7 Ic secᵹe sie unmehtiᵹ & eac ealles nauht. c1000ælfric Hom. II. 232 ᵹif ic me sylfne wuldriᵹe, þonne bið min wuldor naht. a1250Owl & Night. (Cott.) 1480 Oþer þe lauerd is wel aht, Oþer aswunde & nis naht. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xviii. 74 Of muche moneye the metal is ryght naught. 1503Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 6 The said Persons..mix good Metal and bad together, and make it naught. 1551T. Wilson Logike (1580) 3 Logike of it self is good, when Sophistrie on the other side is naught. 1625Purchas Pilgrims II. 1715 Their armour and weapons are very naught and weake, as well the one as the other. 1693Evelyn De la Quint. Compl. Gard. II. 2 By Branches that are naught, I mean those that are of false Wood. 1738Swift Pol. Conversat. 18 Tom sings well; but his Luck's naught. 1784Cowper Ep. J. Hill 53 The punishment importing this, no doubt, That all was naught within. 1819Byron Let. to Murray 12 Aug., The poem will be naught. 1832Austin Jurispr. (1879) II. 692 Codes and codification are manifestly naught.
†b. Of no legal value; invalid. Obs.
c1449Pecock Repr. iv. iii. 430 And therfore God forbede that ech dede and ech gouernaunce schulde be holde nauȝt and badde. 1540Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 5 The said pretended mariage, which is of it selfe naught and of no force. 1632Sanderson Serm. 62 The election is de jure nulla, naught and voide. 1660Trial Regic. 53 Your Plea is naught, illegal, and wicked, and ought not to be allowed.
c. Bad in condition or quality; not good for eating or drinking. ? Obs.
1588Kyd Househ. Phil. Wks. (1901) 271 Things, which..wold become both hard and naught to eate without some kinde of liquor or conserues. 1609Bible (Douay) Jer. xxiv. 3 The good figges, exceeding good, and the naughtie figges exceeding naught: which can not be eaten because they are naught. 1661Pepys Diary 29 Oct., We..should have been merry, but their wine was so naught..that we were not so. 1720F. Hutchinson Witchcraft xv. (ed. 2) 267 Which after the first taste he refused,..but said it was naught. 1813C. Marshall Garden. xvii. (ed. 5) 288 The raspberry is quite naught [1798 very bad] when stale.
†d. Bad or wrong in method. Obs. rare—1.
1597Morley Introd. Mus. 80 It is verie naught, to ascend or descend in that manner.
†2. Morally bad; wicked; naughty. Obs.
1536R. Beerley in Four C. Eng. Lett. (1880) 35 And mayck me wych am now nawtt to cum unto grace [and] goodnes. 1582N.T. (Rhem.) Matt. vi. 23 But if thine eye be naught: thy whole body shal be darksome. 1603Drayton Bar. Wars iii. iii, A Man, as subtill, so corrupt and naught. 1656Sanderson Serm. (1689) 487 Where the Gods are naught, who can imagine the Religion should be good. 1706–7Farquhar Beaux' Strat. ii. i, Stay, stay, Brother, you shan't get off so; You were very naught last Night. 1740Richardson Pamela II. 253 There was no pleasing her; and I was a Creature, and Wench, and all that was naught.
†b. Immoral, vicious. Obs.
1550Elyot, Aquariolus,..a wyttall, that suffreth his wife to be naught. 1594Lyly Moth. Bomb. i. i, Doest thou imagine thy mistres naught of her bodie? 1617Middleton & Rowley Fair Quarrel v. i, I say she is naught... Your intended bride is a whore. 1693Congreve Old Bach. iii. iv, I'll never see you again, 'cause you'd have me be naught.
†c. Const. with (one of the other sex). Obs.
1552Latimer Serm. & Rem. (Parker Soc.) 30 His mistress, perceiving his beauty,..would have him to be naught with her. 1606Holland Sueton. 3 But her afterward hee divorced, suspecting that she had beene naught with P. Clodivs. a1641Bp. R. Montagu Acts & Mon. (1642) 264 That he had, in his absence, been naught with Mariamne. 1699T. C[ockman] Tully's Offices (1706) 305 Upon a false Suspicion, that he had been naught with his Mother-in-law.
†3. Injurious, hurtful; unlucky. Obs.
1596Edward III, i. i, In great affairs 'tis naught to use delay. 1620Melton Astrolog. 46 It is naught for any man to giue a paire of kniues to his sweet heart. 1658A. Fox Würtz' Surg. ii. iii. 52 That [diet] which is good for man proveth very naught to a woman.
†4. Lost, ruined. Obs.
1607Shakes. Cor. iii. i. 231 Goe, get you to [y]our House; be gone, away, All will be naught else. 1624Fletcher Rule a Wife v. i, My cause was naught, for 'twas about your honour; And he that wrongs the innocent nere prospers. [1826Scott Woodst. iii, All's naught, girl—and our evil days are come at last.]
C. adv.
†1. [Orig. the accusative of the n. used adverbially: cf. aught n.2 C.] Not. See also nat adv.
αc897K. ælfred Gregory's Past. C. xliii. 314 (Hatton) Ne fæste ᵹe ðæs nawuht me. c1200Ormin 15551 Þær bilæf þe Laferrd..acc nawihht lannge. a1225Leg. Kath. 474 For þi þet te lare..ne helpeð nawiht eche lif to habben, ne ȝelpe ich nawiht þrof. a1300Cursor M. 654 Yhon tre cum þou nawight to. 13..Ibid. 24626 (Edinb.), Fra me wald þai nawit twin.
βc888K. ælfred Boeth. v. §3 Nu ðu ne þearft þe nauht ondrædan. c1000ælfric Hom. II. 18 Þæt fyr ne derede naht þam ðrim cnihtum. a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1095 Naht be anan oððe twam. c1200Vices & Virtues 35 On ðare oðre woreld and naht hier. c1250Kent. Serm. in O.E. Misc. 28 Nacht on-lepiliche to day, ac alle þo daies i þo yere. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 185 Þe gret evel ne comeþ naȝt þer þat me clupeþ þat holi fur. 1340Ayenb. 103 Ane man of huam me ne kan naȝt his name. 1390Gower Conf. II. 254 Medea, which foryat him naght, Was redy there.
γc1175Lamb. Hom. 63 God..ȝife us..þet we ne fallen naut ine sunne. a1240Sawles Warde in O.E. Hom. I. 257 Þah ha ne trust nawt on hire ahne wepnen.
†2. [From B.] Badly; wrongly. Obs.
1549Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. Phil. 8, I rushe not here awaye and there awaye rashely I care not whither, for he loseth his game, that runneth naught. 1552Latimer Serm. (1562) 139 They that are so vsed to swearing, do very naught. 1625B. Jonson Staple of N. i. Interm. i, How doe's the Play please you? Censure. Very scuruily, me thinks, and sufficiently naught.
▪ II. naught, v.
[f. prec.]
†1. trans. To destroy. Obs.—1
1340Ayenb. 9 Þer by some bronches þet ne byeþ naȝt dyadlich zenne,..and þo me ssell naȝti and wyþdraȝe ase moche ase me may.
2. To bring to naught; to annihilate. Also ˈnaughting vbl. n.
1913E. Underhill Mystic Way 137 It is the final disestablishment and ‘naughting’ of the separate will. 1930C. Williams Poetry at Present 85 The word death generally suggests a ‘naughting’ of all that we know. 1958C. Pepler Eng. Relig. Heritage iv. i. 225 Concentrating only on the outgoing features of simplicity in the naughting of self. 1958Times Lit. Suppl. 10 Oct. 581/3 The Self, the One, in whom a Western mystic..seeks to lose his particular warped and transient self is not Himself naughted, is not naught. |