| 释义 |
naval, a. (and n.)|ˈneɪvəl|
Also 7 navale, -all.
[ad. L. nāvālis, f. nāvis ship: see -al1. Cf. F. naval, -ale (13–14th c.).]
1. naval crown, etc., the crown or garland given by the Romans to one who had gained a victory, or shown special bravery, in a sea-fight.
1593Peele Edw. I, A 3 b, Welcome manly followers, That..on your war drums carry crownes as kings, Crowne Murall, Nauall. 1601Holland Pliny xxii. iii. II. 115 The Navall garlands given to admirals and generals at sea, for obtaining victorie in that kind of service. Ibid. Index, Naval chaplets. 1656Blount Glossogr. s.v., The Naval Crown was given to him, who first entred the enemies ship in a Battle at Sea. 1727–38Chambers Cycl. s.v., Though A. Gellius..says the naval crown was adorned with prows of ships, Lipsius distinguishes two kinds of naval crowns.
2. a. Of or pertaining to, connected with, characteristic of, used in, the navy († or shipping in general).
1602Dolman La Primaud. Fr. Acad. (1618) iii. 793 Of the oldest Pines is pitch made, which is called Naual, by reason that it is very good to pitch Ships. 1617Moryson Itin. i. 54 Our Master, according to the navall discipline, not to put to sea with one anchor, returned backe to the harbour. Ibid. 272 Depford, the Navall storehouse. 1665Manley Grotius' Low C. Wars 173 The Commands of the Sea was betrayed, by the exhausting the Navall Revenues. Ibid. 193 To order and settle all Navall matters. 1710J. Harris Lex. Techn. II, Naval Architecture. 1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) III. 2 One..from the naval ornaments carved on it, is thought to have belonged to a sea⁓officer. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 160 At the northern extremity of the Town, is the king's naval yard. 1813Byron Corsair i. xvii, He..unfolds his plan..and spreads the chart, And all that speaks and aids the naval art. 1837W. Irving Capt. Bonneville III. 81 This favoured port combines advantages which..fit it for a grand naval depôt. 1878Besant & Rice Celia's Arb. ix, A tall and good-looking young sailor, in his naval rig.
b. naval stores, all those articles or materials made use of in shipping or in the navy. Also spec. (see quot. 1896).
1678Marvell Growth Popery 34 It was alleged..That we had not Naval Stores and Ammunition, &c. sufficient for such a Purpose. 1699Dryden Ep. J. Driden 148 Be then the naval stores the nation's care. 1753Hanway Trav. I. vi. lxxxv. 392 The prices this nation might pay for naval stores. 1812Examiner 12 Oct. 648/2 The other, a bombard, laden with naval stores, got aground. 1896Pop. Sci. Monthly Feb. 472 The different resinous products of trade, which go under the name of ‘naval stores’.
†c. Of the nature of a ship. Obs. rare—1.
1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iv. v. 192 The Ark or navall edifice of Noah.
d. naval brass, a type of brass containing about 60 per cent copper, 39 per cent zinc, and one per cent tin, used for bolts and other small fittings of ships.
1881Calvert's Mechanics' Almanack 1882 27 In 1874, an alloy, composed of 62 parts of copper, 37 of spelter, and one of tin, was proposed by Mr. Farquharson... The new alloy is specified for all ships built for the Admiralty, and the details now given may be of service to anyone using naval brass. 1928S. G. Wheeler Marine Engin. II. xvii. 510 Naval brass can be rolled or forged, but unless it can be worked in this way has poor strength when cast. 1964S. H. Avner Introd. Physical Metall. xii. 353 Leaded naval brass with the addition of 1·75 Pb for improved machinability is used for marine hardware. 1969D. K. Allen Metall. xiii. 438/2 Naval brass or Tobin bronze..has increased resistance to salt water spray and is used for condenser plates, welding rod, propeller shafts, and marine hardware.
e. naval base, a securely held seaport from which naval operations can be carried out.
1906F. T. Jane Heresies of Sea Power ii. ii. 126 These are they who assign the first and second places to the fleet; the shore and the shore forces come but a bad third. The advocates of naval command of naval bases may be found among these. 1941A. J. Marder Brit. Naval Policy 1880–1905 x. 183 England's key position in the Mediterranean, though strongly fortified, could hardly be called a naval base at this time. 1957P. Mackesy War in Mediterranean 1803–10 13 Malta..was the only naval base possessed by England from which the Toulon fleet could be watched and maritime command exercised in the central Mediterranean. 1969Islander (Victoria, B.C.) 9 Nov. 16/2 In the early days Esquimalt was a British naval base, but merchantmen also used the harbor extensively.
f. naval bank holiday: (see quot. 1961). colloq.
1916G. Franklin Naval Digression vii. 220 We had a typical ‘naval bank holiday’ on Boxing day—coaling ship. 1948Partridge Dict. Forces' Slang 124 Naval bank holiday, coaling the ship. 1961― Dict. Slang Suppl. 1195/1 Naval bank holiday, a day spent in coaling the ship.
3. a. Fought, gained, sustained, carried out, etc., by means of ships or a navy.
1606Holland Sueton. 17 To set out the Naumachie or naval battaile, there was a place digged for a great poole. 1660R. Coke Power & Subj. 71 Lest..the Seamen should be forgetful and unfitting for naval warfare. 1700Prior Carm. Sec. 327 Beaks of ships in naval triumph borne. 1750Beawes Lex. Mercat. (1752) 244 His Sicilian Expedition, so fatal to his Arms in their naval Conflict with Sir George Byng. 1802James Milit. Dict., Naval engagement implies, in general, either a sea-fight between single ships, or whole fleets of men of war, or gallies, &c. 1849–50Alison Hist. Eur. VII. xlii. §41. 123 He never again ventured on naval enterprises.
b. Consisting of ships of war.
1617Moryson Itin. i. 2 The Hamburgers had in vaine attempted by Nauall forces to forbid the arriuall of the English at Stode. 1720Strype Stow's Surv. I. i. xxvii. 215 The Naval Strength of this Realm. 1769Burke Late St. Nat. Wks. 1842 I. 98 What naval force..[is] necessary to keep our marine in a condition commensurate to its great ends. 1836Thirlwall Greece xv. (1839) II. 259 After the naval armament had coasted the intervening bays. 1887Ld. Brassey in T. H. Ward Reign Q. Vict. 237 The wide expansion of naval force which has been demanded by the altered circumstances of the times.
c. Distinguished by, resting or based on, the possession of war-ships.
1678Marvell Growth Popery Wks. (Grosart) IV. 294 So that the two great naval powers of Europe being crushed together, he might remain sole arbitrator of the ocean. 1738Warburton Div. Legat. ii. iv. Wks. 1788 I. 233 The great advantages of cultivating a naval power. 1813Wellington in Gurw. Desp. (1838) X. 592 Since Great Britain has been a naval power a British army has never been left in such a situation. 1869Rawlinson Anc. Hist. 78 The naval power of Carthage.
4. a. Of persons: Belonging to, connected with, or serving in, the navy.
1667Pepys Diary 4 Sept., [Sir W. Coventry] told me that he must now take leave of me as a naval man. 1745Observ. conc. Navy 21 Not only Naval Seamen should have Tickets, but likewise all other Seamen. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1780), Garde de la marine, a midshipman, or naval cadet. 1807Med. Jrnl. XVII. 158, I should..be led to conclude he is a naval practitioner. 1839W. Chambers Tour Holland 33/1 Monuments to Dutch naval commanders. 1863P. Barry Dockyard Econ. 141 Naval Lords of the Admiralty..have only to talk him over, and he is the servant of those Naval Lords.
b. naval officer: (see quots. and officer n. 4).
1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1780) s.v. Naval. 1802 James Milit. Dict., Naval officers are admirals, captains, lieutenants, masters, boatswains, midshipmen, gunners, &c. 1846Young Naut. Dict. s.v. Naval, The various subjects connected with the duties of naval officers. 1871Schele de Vere Americanisms 264 Another such office is that of Naval Officer, whose duty it is to receive copies of all manifests and entries in the Custom-House.
c. (Royal) Naval Reserve: (see reserve n. 2 b).
1863Young Naut. Dict. (ed. 2), Royal Naval Reserve, an establishment of volunteers, consisting of able merchant seamen who..agree to serve on board of ships of war in case of need. 1876Ham Revenue Vade-m. 392 Her Majesty may accept offers of persons recommended by the Admiralty to serve as officers of the Royal Naval Reserve. 1885Pall Mall G. 16 June 1/2 These seamen are usually called Royal Naval Reserve men.
d. naval brigade, a landing force; a reinforcement force for land troops.
1883Melton & Oliphant Cruise of U.S.S. Galena vii. 80 On several occasions our Naval Brigade was landed upon the breakwater and exercised in marching and counter-marching. 1884Naval Encycl. 510/1 It has been customary in the service to give the name of ‘naval brigade’ to even a single ship's company, although by rights it refers to a larger organization. 1901J. Blake How Sailors Fight xii. 241 Naval brigades took part in the operations with Buller, with Methuen, and with Lord Roberts; but of all it is probable that at the siege of Ladysmith the services rendered were most valuable. 1904J. S. Corbett Eng. in Mediterranean II. xxiv. 119 The real attack was made from the centre with five battalions of infantry, the naval brigade, and the three troops of British horse. 1937H. Fitch My Mis-spent Youth iii. 14 As a Captain, Beresford had been in charge of the naval brigade during the River War which led up to the battle of Omdurman.
5. n. pl.
†a. Naval achievements. Obs. rare—1.
a1674Clarendon Life (1759) II. 507 The Action..surpassed all that was done in Cromwell's Time, whose Navals were much greater than had ever been in any Age.
b. Naval men. rare.
1836Haliburton Clockm. Ser. i. xii. (1837) 99, I guess it's natural for you to say so of the buttons of our navals. |