| 释义 |
republican, a. and n.|rɪˈpʌblɪkən|
[f. republic + -an, prob. after F. républicain.]
A. adj.
†1. Belonging to the commonwealth or community. Obs. rare—1.
1691Address Publicans New-Eng. in Andros Tracts (1869) II. 234 The Agents..brought back word, That the People of New-England were possest of great quantities of Republican Money.
2. a. Of or belonging to a republic; having the form or constitution of a republic; characteristic of a republic or republics.
1712Addison Spect. No. 269 ⁋10 To vent among them some of his Republican Doctrines. 1771Junius Lett. lix. (1788) 316, I would have the manners of the people purely and strictly republican. 1844Thirlwall Greece VIII. 463 The change from republican to monarchical institutions was in general beneficial to the provinces. 1863M. Howitt tr. F. Bremer's Greece II. xv. 117 There prevails..a republican equality and disorder, which the republican American would be extremely astonished at. 1864[see B. 2].
b. Of persons or parties: Favouring, supporting, or advocating the form of state or government called a republic.
1793Bp. Horsley Serm. 30 Jan. 13 note, It has been a great point with Republican Divines to explain away the force of this text [Rom. xiii. 1]. 1848W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc's Hist. Ten. Y. I. 411 The leaders of the republican party did not share the mistake.
c. republican calendar, the calendar adopted for a short time (see quot.) by the French Republic; so republican era, dating from 22 Sept. 1792.
1839Penny Cycl. XIII. 173/1 The republican kalendar was first used on the 26th of November, 1793, and was discontinued on the 31st of December, 1805.
3. a. In U.S. politics (with capital) as the distinguishing epithet of a special party, its principles, measures, etc.
Originally applied to the Anti-Federal party which latterly became the democratic; but subsequently a party opposed to this (formed in 1854 to resist the extension of slave territory), which favoured liberal interpretation of the constitution, extension of the central power, and a protective tariff.
The Republican party formed in 1854 is now a predominantly conservative party, favouring agricultural, commercial, and financial interests and a limited central government (see M. M. Mathews Dict. Americanisms, 1951, and Sperber & Trittschuh Amer. Polit. Terms, 1962, for further details of the development of this sense).
1806Tallmadge in M. Cutler's Life, etc. (1888) II. 326 Our exclusive republican Brethren, those dear Lovers of the people. 1839[see federal a. 3]. 1854A. E. Bovay Let. 26 Feb. in F. Curtis Republican Party (1904) I. vi. 177 Urge them..to band together under the name I suggested to you at Lovejoy's Hotel in 1852. I mean the name ‘Republican’. 1856Porter's Spirit of Times 4 Oct. 71/1 New Jersey..[was] discovered by the late Republican Convention, in their explorations for a candidate for Vice President. 1862J. M. Ludlow Hist. U.S. 61 The other party, then [1793] called the Republican party (a name, you must observe, which has entirely changed in modern days, and is now applied to a party the true successor of the old Federal one). 1866Chambers' Encycl. s.v., The Federalist, National Republican, Whig, and Republican party has been essentially the same. 1905Baltimore Amer. 7 Mar. 4/1 Republican Senators..cannot find desks on the Republican side, as there are more Republicans in the Senate than there are desks for Republican Senators. 1976Columbus (Montana) News 1 July 6/3 Charles Eckels attended the Republican Convention in Helena last week as chairman from this District.
b. Used as a distinguishing epithet by political parties outside U.S.
1958Listener 27 Nov. 865/1 One [new French party] is the Republican Centre. 1975Financial Times 31 Oct. 6/8 Mr Ecevit, chairman of the main Opposition, the Republican People's Party (RPP). 1980S. J. Burki Pakistan under Bhutto ii. 22 The formation of the landlord-dominated Republican Party.
4. Ornith. Living, nesting, or breeding, in large flocks or communities, esp. the N. American republican swallow, and the S. African republican grosbeak or republican weaver-bird.
1829Audubon Amer. Ornith. Pl. 68 Republican [or] Cliff Swallow, Hirundo Fulva. 1839― Ornith. Biogr. V. 415. 1855 Smith & Dallas Syst. Nat. Hist. II. 266 The most remarkable nest, however, is that made by the Social or Republican Grosbeak (Philetærus Socius). 1868Chambers' Encycl. s.v. Weaver-bird, The Social or Republican Weaver of South Africa..constructs a kind of umbrella-like roof, under which 800 or 1000 nests have been found.
B. n.
†1. One attached to the interests of the commonwealth or community. Obs. rare—1.
1691Address Publicans New-Eng. in Andros Tracts (1869) II. 233 A Place where there still dwelt..some Men of Conscience, and shrewdly suspected to be Republicans.
2. a. One who believes in, supports, or prefers a republican form of government. red republican (see quot. 1864 and red a. 9 b).
1697Vanbrugh Relapse Epil. 22 I'm very positive you never saw A through republican a finish'd beau. 1705Addison Italy 405 Such a Chimerical Happiness is not peculiar to Republicans. 1735Bolingbroke On Parties 54 The Whigs were not Dissenters, nor Republicans, though They favour'd the former. 1829Lytton Disowned i. xiv, His evident attention flattered the fierce republican. 1864Webster s.v., Red republican, one bent on maintaining extreme republican doctrines, even at the expense of blood. 1876Ruskin Fors Clav. VI. lxiii. 92, I hate republicans, as I do all other manner of fools.
b. transf. Cf. republic n. 3 b.
1816I. D'Israeli Inquiry Lit. & Polit. Char. James I 3 His other brothers, the republicans of literature, want a heart to admire the man.
3. a. U.S. politics. A member of the Republican party (see A. 3 a). Black Republican (see quot. 1866).
1782J. Adams Diary 26 Dec., Vaughan has a brother in Philadelphia, who has written him a long letter about the Constitutionalists and the Republicans. 1808― Wks. (1854) IX. 602 The federal administration lasted twelve years. The republicans..have ruled eight years. 1866Chambers' Encycl. s.v., The Whig party..adopted the name of Republicans, and were called by their opponents Black Republicans, from their anti-slavery tendencies.
b. U.S. (See quot.)
1832S. A. O'Ferrall Ramble thro' U.S. 88 The stumps..and ‘republicans’ (projecting roots of trees, so called from the stubborn tenacity with which they adhere to the ground..), rendered the difficulties of traversing this forest..great.
4. Ornith. A republican weaver-bird or swallow.
1801Encycl. Brit. Suppl. II. 400/2 Republicans, the name given by Vaillant..to a kind of birds..in South Africa. |