| 释义 |
neural, a.|ˈnjʊərəl|
[f. Gr. νεῦρ-ον nerve + -al1.]
1. Anat. Pertaining or relating to, connected with, the nerves; spec. pertaining to the cerebro-spinal or central nervous system of vertebrates (as opposed to hæmal). Freq. in neural arch, neural canal, neural cavity, neural spine, neural tube, etc.
1839–47T. R. Jones in Todd's Cycl. Anat. III. 825/2 The caudal vertebræ of the Fish..have the neurapophyses and neural spine as well as the hæmapophyses and hæmal spine. 1849H. Miller Footpr. Creat. viii. (1874) 147 The bodies of the vertebræ, with their neural and hæmal processes. 1888Rolleston & Jackson Anim. Life 438 The tube represents an aperture left when the neural plate folds over in development to form the neural tube.
b. Situated on, or inclining to, that side of the body in which the central nervous axis lies.
1861J. R. Greene Man. Anim. Kingd., Cœlent. 18 There is no distinction between neural and hæmal regions. 1870Rolleston Anim. Life p. xxxi, In Invertebrata the motor organs are developed upon the neural aspect of their bodies.
2. Phys. Relating to, or occurring in, the nerves as organs which convey sensation or impulse.
1864Spencer Princ. Biol. 50 Neural discharges that follow the direct incidence of external forces. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 492 The more elaborate the dendritic expansions, the more elaborate the psychic or neural activity.
3. Path. Involving or affecting the nerve-tissues or nervous system; nervous.
1883Harper's Mag. Nov. 901/2 The eminent authority on neural disorders. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. III. 73 Neural arthritis comprises all joint diseases which are the sequel of central or peripheral nerve-lesions.
Add:[A.] 4. neural net, neural network Computing and Math., any system of interconnections which resembles or is based on the arrangement of neurones in the brain and nervous system; a program, configuration of microprocessors, etc., designed to simulate this.
[1943McCulloch & Pitts in Bull. Math. Biophysics V. 116 We have..two explanations of inhibition based on the same general premises, differing only in the assumed nervous nets and, consequently, in the time required for inhibition.] 1950A. Rapoport in Ibid. XII. 109 (heading) Contribution to the probabilistic theory of neural nets. 1951J. von Neumann in L. A. Jeffress Cerebral Mechanisms in Behavior 22 McCulloch and Pitts have used these units to build up complicated networks which may be called ‘formal neural networks’. 1966S. Beer Decision & Control xvii. 457 He has also been responsible for much of the pioneering work in the investigation, analysis and rigorous description of neural nets. 1988Times 25 Feb. 14/6 As neural network computers have developed, so has the opportunity to compare their performance with that of the brain.
B. n. Zool. In chelonians, each of the row of eight or more bony plates lying along the dorsal line of the carapace between the nuchal and the pygal bones, and characterized by the attachment of the neural spine of an underlying vertebra to its inner surface.
1896R. Lydekker R. Nat. Hist. V. 45 In the middle line of the carapace we have a series of polygonal plates..which are known as neurals. 1939Jrnl. Morphol. LXV. 384 This seems to indicate that the neurals and the costals are not true dermal ossifications. 1967P. C. H. Pritchard Living Turtles of World 10 Behind the proneural comes a midline row of eleven or fewer bones, called neurals. 1987Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. CLXXXVI. 20/2 The number of neurals appearing on the surface of the carapace in trionychids varies from 3 to 10. |