| 释义 |
nitrify, v.|ˈnaɪtrɪfaɪ|
[ad. F. nitrifier (1777): see nitre n. and -fy.]
1. trans. To convert into, impregnate with, nitre; to make nitrous. spec. to convert (ammonia) into nitrite or nitrate. Also absol.
1827Phil. Mag. I. 174 The putrescent blood was at the distance of two feet from the carbonate of lime, which it is pretended that it nitrified. 1828–32Webster, Nitrify, to convert into nitre. 1872Fox Ozone 21 It may be said generally, that the direct spark passing through air nitrifies it. 1885Trans. Norfolk Nat. Soc. IV. 18 The special organism which nitrifies ammonia exists in the surface soil of all fertile land. 1932Fuller & Conard tr. Braun-Blanquet's Plant Sociol. viii. 239 Probably all communities of the Molinion nitrify abundantly. 1957G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. xvi. 837 A considerable part of the ammonia so formed is nitrified. 1962H. S. McKee Nitrogen Metabolism in Plants iv. 112 These heterotrophs nitrify more completely than the autotrophic species.
2. intr. To turn to nitre; to become nitrous.
1827Phil. Mag. I. 176 Chevraud met with compact chalks which did not nitrify. 1878Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXXIII. 46, 10 grams of a vegetable soil, known to nitrify with ease, were washed with water. 1884Nature 30 Oct. 645/1 A thin layer of solution will nitrify sooner than a deep layer. 1892Morley & Muir Watts' Dict. Chem. III. 521/2 A little vegetable earth which was known to nitrify easily.
Hence ˈnitrified ppl. a., ˈnitrifying vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1827Phil. Mag. I. 175 Why..does it exhibit no nitrifying power without the cooperation of carbonate of lime? 1839Ure Dict. Arts 888 Upon each of the four sides the nitrifying sheds are to be erected. 1867Bloxam Chem. 416 A few inches of the nitrified earth. 1882Nature XXVI. 102 The..use of this nitrifying organism is thus apparent. 1900Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXXVIII. ii. 97 Experiments with amides, proteids, wine, &c., showed that the nitrifying organisms are not able to attack organic nitrogen; the nitrogen must first be converted into ammonia. 1932Fuller & Conard tr. Braun-Blanquet's Plant Sociol. viii. 236 The nitrogen compounds in the soil must generally be converted into nitric acid... But this transformation can only take place with the cooperation of nitrifying bacteria. 1969F. E. Round Introd. Lower Plants i. 4 The nitrifying bacteria operate in the nitrogen cycle by utilizing ammonia ions which they convert into nitrite (nitrile bacteria), which is then excreted to be absorbed by nitrate bacteria which convert the nitrite into nitrate. |