| 释义 |
nodule|ˈnɒdjuːl|
[ad. L. nōdulus, dim. of nōdus knot: see -ule. Hence also F. nodule.]
†1. A small quantity of some medicinal substance tied up in a bag. Obs.
1600Surflet Countrie Farme ii. lxx. 420 Hang in the vessell a nodule or knot full of cinnamome [etc.]. 1634T. Johnson tr. Parey's Chirurg. (1678) xxvi. xxiii. 644 Nodules have the same use with Suppositories and are oftentimes substituted in stead of Glysters. 1694Salmon Bate's Dispens. 716/2 Tie it up in a Bit of Silk, in Form of a Nodule. 1713Phil. Trans. XXVIII. 229 They smell to black Cummin-seed bruised and tyed up in a Nodule. 1756C. Lucas Ess. Waters II. 65 Applied warm, in nodules or sacks, it assuages pain.
2. Min. and Geol. A small rounded lump of some mineral or earthy substance.
1695Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth iv. (1723) 207 Strata compiled of metallick and mineral Nodules. 1766Borlase in Phil. Trans. LVI. 36 A large cake, or nodule, of tin ore, weighing about six pounds. 1794Sullivan View Nat. I. 439 It is never found crystallized, but rather, in separate irregular nodules, scattered through other strata. 1815Bakewell Geol. 191 In some of the beds of clay over coal detached nodules of iron-stone occur. 1880Günther Fishes 196 Devonian fishes are frequently found under peculiar circumstances, enclosed in the so-called nodules.
fig.1885Academy 24 Oct. 265/1 A single point of literature, one shining nodule broken off the rock.
3. Bot. A small node or knot in the stem or other part of a plant. Esp., one formed on the root of a leguminous plant by symbiotic bacteria. Also attrib.
1796Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 3) IV. 141 Branches very fine,..nodules of fructifications small. 1839Lindley Introd. Bot. i. ii. (ed. 3) 79 Those nodules which are so well known in the bark of the Beech, and some other trees. 1867J. Hogg Microsc. ii. i. 308 These plants are produced by..minute cellular nodules called gemmæ or buds. 1890Proc. R. Soc. XLVII. 104 The limited growth in pot 1..is coincident with the entire absence of nodule⁓formation. 1922Encycl. Brit. XXX. 72/1 The so-called ‘nodule’ organisms (Pseudomonas radicicola)..live in symbiosis with the leguminous plants. 1965Bell & Coombe tr. Strasburger's Textbk. Bot. 303 In the development of the nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of the Leguminosae the first process is a normal infection of the rootlets by various races of the aerobic Rhizobium leguminosarum..living saprophytically in the soil.
4. Anat.
a. (See quots.)
1839–47Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Phys. III. 690 The anterior extremity of the inferior vermiform process projects into the cavity of the fourth ventricle, and serves to close it at its inferior extremity... Reil has named it the Nodule. 1840G. V. Ellis Anat. 49 The apex of the uvula, which projects into the fourth ventricle, is the nodule.
b. A small knot or knotty tumour in some part of the body.
1845Budd Dis. Liver 108 By its contraction the lobular substance of the liver is drawn into round nodules. 1865Livingstone Zambesi xiii. 275 The true skin next thickens and rises in nodules. 1880Bastian Brain 27 The groups of nerve cells..are usually aggregated so as to form distinct and separate nodules known as ‘ganglia’.
Hence ˈnoduled a., formed into nodules. Also noduˈliferous a., bearing or yielding nodules; ˈnoduliform a., having the form of a nodule.
1791E. Darwin Bot. Gard. i. 398 As you now dissect with hammers fine The granite-rock, the nodul'd flint calcine. |