| 释义 |
‖ nomenklatura, n. Pol.|naˌmjɛnklaˈtura, anglicized nəˌmɛnkləˈtjuːrə|
[Russ., f. L. nōmenclātūra nomenclature n.]
In the former Soviet Union and other Communist countries: a list of influential posts in government and industry that were filled by Party appointees; collect., the holders of these posts, who enjoyed a number of social and economic privileges. Hence, the powerful élite or ‘priviligentsia’.
The influence of the nomenklatura waned as a result of perestroika, and the term may be now considered more or less Hist.
[1959A. Avtorkhanov Stalin & Soviet Communist Party 55 The so-called ‘nomenclature officials’ of district committees, oblast committees, and the Central Party Committee.] 1963M. Fainsod How Russia is Ruled (ed. 2) xv. 518 Key functionaries at every supervisory level of the trade-union apparatus are on the nomenklatura of the corresponding or superior Party committee. 1975Economist 12 Apr. 66/1 Russia publishes no Who's Who, and the nomenklatura or name list of top office-holders is classified. 1975G. V. Daniels tr. Sakharov's My Country i. 25 As early as the 1920's and 30's—and definitively in the postwar years—a special Party-bureaucratic stratum was formed... This is the nomenklatura, as its members call themselves; or the ‘new class’, as Milovan Djilas has named them... The nomenklatura has..an inalienable status, and has recently become hereditary. 1986W. Garner Zones of Silence v. 32 ‘Stolichnaya’. He poured out a generous measure of vodka. ‘The best. Only the nomenklatura can buy it in the Soviet workers' paradise.’ 1990Times 25 Jan. 13/1 The Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party, ‘guiding force’ of the world's second-oldest Communist state, this week renounced many of the nomenklatura's special privileges. |