| 释义 |
reredos|ˈrɪədɒs|
Forms: 4–5 rerdos(e, 5 -doos(e; 5–6 reredosse, (5 -doos, -dose, -doce, -des, 6 -doyse, 6–7 -dorse), 4– reredos; 6 reyredewse; 6 reerdos, rardros, (7 -dess); 7 reardashe, -dorse; 5 redoce, 6 -doss, -dorse, -drosse; 5 reddos.
[a. AF. *reredos (cf. areredos, 1399 in Rolls of Parlt. III. 431/2), f. rere- rere- + dos back: see doss n.1 and dorse n.1 Also in Anglo-L. as retrodorsorium (14th c.).
In eccl. use the word is common during the 15th cent., rare in the 16th, and from about 1550 appears to have been practically obsolete until revived in the 19th c. The earliest dictionaries which give it are those of Craig (1848) and Ogilvie (1850). In a number of early examples it is impossible to determine the precise sense intended.]
1. Eccl.
a. An ornamental facing or screen of stone or wood covering the wall at the back of an altar, frequently of ornate design, with niches, statues, and other decorations.
1372–3Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 180 In contr. facta pro le Rerdose ad magnum altare in ecclesia (de Merington). 1376–7Ibid. 585 In exp...pro cariacione del Rerdos. 1419Test. Ebor. (Surtees) I. 396 In ornamentum summi Altaris dictæ ecclesiæ Cath. Ebor., videlicet Reredose. 1448Will of Hen. VI in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) I. 355 Fro the reredos atte the high auter vnto the quere dore. 1463Bury Wills (Camden) 19 [I bequeath] x. marks to the peyntyng rerdoos and table at Seynt Marie avter of the story of Magnificat. 1519Fabric Rolls York Minster (Surtees) 267 The goodly reyredewse is so full of dust and copwebbes that by lyklyode it shalbe shortly lost. c1541in Archaeologia (1821) XIX. 272 The Reredose at the highe Altar..ys excellently well wrought and as well gylted.
1836Parker Gloss. Archit. (1850) I. 384 At Bampton, Oxfordshire, a very perfect reredos remains in the east wall of the north transept, where an altar has stood. 1843Ecclesiologist II. 22 The reredos is richly arcaded. 1879Sir G. G. Scott Lect. Archit. I. 181, The remarkably ancient retable or movable reredos formerly belonging to the high altar.
b. A choir-screen.
1446in Hist. Dunelm. Script. Tres (Surtees) p. cclxxiii, Novum opus vocatum le Rerdoose, ad ostium chori. a1490Botoner Itin. (Nasmith 1778) 290 Et a porta chori vocata le reredos usque orientem continet 47 gressus. 1861Morning Post 24 Oct., The five remaining bays [of the choir]..have been restored; only three of them, though, will be within the reredos.
†2. A hanging of velvet or silk for covering the wall at the back of an altar. Obs.
Usually named together with a dos, dorse, or vant dorse: the precise distinction from these is not clear.
1381in Hist. Dunelm. Script. Tres (Surtees) p. cliii, Unum rerdose broudatum cum crucifixo et imaginibus. 1482Will Ld. Beauchamp (Somerset Ho.), An aulter cloth doce & redoce of the same [red velvet]. a1524Will Sir R. Sutton in Churton Life (1800) 521 A Dorse and Redorse of Crymsyn Velvet with Flowres of Golde, in length, two yards three quarters. 1552Inv. Ch. Goods (Surtees, No. 97) 74 A redrosse and vendrosse of yalowe and greine saye and curteyns to the same. Ibid. 163 One rardros and vandros for th'alter.
†3. A wooden panelling attached to a wall behind a seat. Obs.
1396Mem. Ripon (Surtees) III. 123 Et in iij vayneschotes emp. pro j selour, et j reredos facta in camera capituli, 18d. 1452–3Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 277 Pro le Sylarynge domus rasturæ et le Rerdose ibidem. [1842Gwilt Archit. §415 The rere-dos was a sort of framed canopy hung with tapestry, and fixed behind the sovereign or chieftain.]
4. The brick or stone back of a fire-place or open hearth; an iron plate forming a fire-back. Obs. exc. arch.
1392Earl Derby's Exp. (Camden) 219 Item pro factura de ij rakks..Item pro factura j reredos pro eisdem. 1486Nottingham Rec. III. 258 Breke for to make þe reredose of þe same chymney with. a1500in Arnolde Chron. (1811) 92 Also ye shall enquire..yf ther be ony chemeny yt hath a reerdos made vncumly oder wise than it ought to be for perill of fire. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 74 By Ouens, harthes, reredorses, Chimnayes, Ranges, and such instrumentes that there was ordained. 1577Harrison England ii. xii. (1877) i. 240 Ech one made his fire against a reredosse in the hall, where he dined and dressed his meat. 1657Howell Londinop. 394 All Armorers and other artificers..which have or use any Reardorses, or any other places dangerous for fire. 1720Strype Stow's Surv. (1754) II. iv. ii. 34/2 In London, by the law no man may build or make a Reredorse for the fire of Charcoals within any house. 1836J. Downes Mt. Decam. I. 308 The ‘reredoss’ or antique ironback of the chimney place, still used in the Welsh farm of older fashion. 1843Lytton Last Bar. i. v, There was no rere-dosse, or fire-place. 1861Our Eng. Home 127 The billets were heaped against the reredos, or plate of iron fixed against the back of the chimneys.
¶b. A brazier. rare—1.
1859Parker Dom. Archit. III. iii. ii. 57 The reredos, or brazier for the fire of logs, in the centre of the hall, continued in use.
†5. The back or rear. Obs. rare—1.
1480Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxiv. 200 The forsaid erle marchal was all arayed with his batayll at the reredoos of the erle of lancastre.
†6. A piece of armour for the back; a backplate. Obs. rare.
1405Fabric Rolls York Minster (Surtees) 9 note, A breast-plate with ‘rerodos’ [sic], a pair of ‘rerebraces’, and a pair of ‘sabatons’. 1412–20Lydg. Chron. Troy iii. xxii. (MS. Digby 230) lf. 102 b, And some chose of the newe entaille..An hole breste plate with a rere doos. |