| 释义 |
obedience|əʊˈbiːdɪəns|
Also 4–5 -iens(e, 4–6 -yence, 5 -yans; 4 obyd-, 6 obœdience.
[a. F. obédience (12th c. in Littré), ad. L. obēdientia, n. of quality f. obēdient-em obedient: see -ence. With senses 2–4 cf. med.L. obēdientia in Du Cange.]
1. a. The action or practice of obeying; the fact or character of being obedient; submission to the rule or authority of another; compliance with or performance of a command, law, or the like; the action of doing what one is bidden.
a1225Ancr. R. 6 Vor neod one, als..obedience of hire bischope, oðer of hire herre. 1340Ayenb. 140 Of boȝsamnesse..þe milde bouȝþ gledliche,..uor þe loue þet he heþ to þe obedience. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 9 For feyned obydience to synful mannus tradiciouns. 1484Caxton Fables of æsop ii. ix, Vndone and lost for faulte of obedyence. 1563Winȝ et Four Scoir Thre Quest. Wks. 1888 I. 59 For our humil and dew obœdience vnto our lauchful Souerane. 1602W. Fulbecke 1st Pt. Parall. Introd. 2 To bee brought vppe in the obedience of Lawes. 1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 19 They traine their cattell to such obedience, as with a Call or Whistle..a great Heard will follow them like dogges. 1754Edwards Freed. Will iii. iv. (1762) 160 Obedience..is the submitting and yielding of the Will of one, to the Will of another. 1825Jefferson Autobiog. Wks. 1859 I. 3 The King's Council..held their places at will, and were in most humble obedience to that will. 1838Dickens Nich. Nick. xxi, In obedience to this request the qualifications were all gone through again. 1874Morley Compromise (1886) 65 Superstition, blind obedience to custom, and the other substitutes for a right and independent use of the mind.
b. fig. The action or fact of yielding to some actuating force or agency: see obey v. 1 d. Usually in phr. in obedience to.
1671L. Addison W. Barbary 102 They remove from one place to another, in obedience to their fickle Humors and cogent Necessities. Mod. A heavy body falls to the ground in obedience to the law of gravitation. The s becomes r in obedience to Verner's law.
c. passive obedience. (a) (Opposed to active obedience) an obedience in which the subject allows himself to be treated according to the will of another; or in which he suffers without remonstrance or resistance. (b) Unqualified obedience or submission to authority, whether the commands be reasonable or unreasonable, lawful or unlawful.
1656Bramhall Replic. vi. 231 Whether a power to reform abuses and inconveniences be necessary to a King, to which all his Subjects owe at least passive obedience. a1708Beveridge Thes. Theol. (1711) III. 328 As by Christ's passive obedience we are freed from the guilt of sin, so by His active obedience we are invested with righteousness. 1712Berkeley (title) Passive Obedience; or, the Christian Doctrine of not resisting the Supreme Power, proved and vindicated, upon the Principles of the Law of Nature. 1808Moore Poet. Wks. II. 16 The churchman's opiate draught, Of passive prone obedience. 1827Hallam Const. Hist. (1857) II. xi. 330 The doctrine of passive obedience had now crept from the homilies into the statute-book.
2. a. The fact or position of being obeyed, or of having others subject to one; command, authority, rule, dominion. (Now chiefly of ecclesiastical authority, esp. that of the Church of Rome.)
c1200Vices & Virtues 7 Sume læteð wel of hem seluen..ȝif he bie of heiȝe menstre, oðer ȝif he hafð sum hei obedience. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. x. 220 Holy churche hoteþ alle manere puple Vnder obedience to bee and buxum to þe lawe. a1400–50Alexander 1965 All þe gracieux goddez þat þe ground viseten, All er vndir my obedience, dredles I telle. 1555Eden Decades 27 We are determyned noo longer to bee vnder yowre obedience. 1642tr. Perkins' Prof. Bk. xi. §754. 330 C D is a Monke professed under the obedience of the same Abbot. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. ix. ii. §24 To abjure the authority and obedience of the Bishop of Rome. 1827Hallam Const. Hist. (1876) III. xvi. 214 The prospect of reducing Spain to the archduke's obedience. 1874Green Short Hist. vii. §2. 356 The two Houses decided..to return to the obedience of the Papal See.
b. transf. A sphere of authority; a realm, district, or body of persons subject to some rule, esp. ecclesiastical; a dominion.
1635E. Pagitt Christianogr. i. iii. (1636) 125 Christians..of the Patriarch of Constantinoples obedience. 1832tr. Sismondi's Ital. Rep. ix. 209 On the 7th of July, the assembled cardinals of the two ‘obediences’ named in their place a third, Alexander V. 1876Freeman Norm. Conq. V. xxii. 20 All the English land-owners within William's obedience. 1878Stubbs Medieval & Mod. Hist. viii. (1900) 184 The Armenian Church..was so far schismatic as not to be integrally a portion of either Roman or Byzantine obedience.
3. A salutation expressive of submission or reverence; a bow or curtsy; = obeisance 3. Now arch. and dial. to make (one's) obedience, med.L. obedientiam facere.
1503Dunbar Thistle & Rose 76 To hir [Dame Nature] thair makar to mak obediens, Full law inclynnand with all dew reuerens. 1604Drayton Owle 1151 The poore Owle (his Obedience done) Thus to his Liege Lord reverently begun. 1661Evelyn Diary 22 Apr., After obedience on their several approches to ye throne. 1800H. Wells Constantia Neville III. xxix. 193 ‘Be sure to bring your music books’, he cried, as I made my obedience. 1885‘J. S. Winter’ In Quarters vi. 105 A..nurse..who rose and made her obedience when he entered.
4. In a monastic or conventual establishment: Any office, official position, or duty, under the abbot or superior; the particular office or duty of any inmate of a convent; also, the cell, room, or place appertaining or appropriate to a particular office; = med.L. obedientia (see Du Cange).
1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v., Obedience, Obedientia, is sometimes used in the canon law, for an office, or the administration of it... Obedientia was used in the general, for every thing that was enjoined the monks, by the abbot... In a more restrained sense [it] was applied to the farm belonging to the abbey, to which the monks were sent,..either to look after the farm, or collect the rents. 1815Mary Schimmelpenninck Demol. Monast. Pt. Royal III. 51 All the obediences..were put into..disorder. Obedience is the name given to those rooms containing the materials for the different kinds of works in which nuns are employed... There were a great many of these obediences at Port Royal, as for example, obediences for the linen, the robery, the mattresses, the bedding, the furniture, the drugs, the apothecary's shop. 1882Ogilvie (Annandale), Obedience..3..(b) A written precept or other formal instrument by which a superior in a religious order communicates to one of his subjects any special precept or instruction. 1891Cent. Dict., Obedience..4. Eccles... (b) In Roman Catholic monasteries, any ecclesiastical and official position, with the estate and profits belonging to it, which is subordinate to the abbot's jurisdiction.
5. obedience class, test, trial, a competition designed to test a dog's obedience; obedience training, the process of teaching a dog to obey orders; hence (as a back-formation) obedience-train v.
1930E. C. Ash Practical Dog Bk. ii. 21 Obedience classes are held at Cruft's Show, and are always an occasion of considerable interest. 1936J. Z. Rine Dog Owner's Manual xii. 195 We see these blue ribbon dogs carrying off prizes also in obedience tests. 1961J. Holmes (title) Obedience training for dogs. 1971‘L. Egan’ Malicious Mischief (1972) i. 15 ‘If your dog had been obedience-trained he would not have been stolen so easily... An obedience-trained dog is impossible to steal or poison.’.. ‘Obedience training? What does that mean?’
1945C. L. B. Hubbard Observer's Bk. Dogs 105 The breed [sc. the Monkey Terrier] is surprisingly intelligent and..should do well in Obedience Trials. 1971‘L. Egan’ Malicious Mischief (1972) iii. 40 Most of the big bench shows have obedience trials. |