| 释义 |
obstruent, a. and n.|ˈɒbstruːənt|
[ad. L. obstruent-em, pr. pple. of obstru-ĕre to obstruct.]
A. adj. Obstructing; Med. closing up the ducts or passages of the body: cf. deobstruent.
1755Johnson, Obstruent, hindering, blocking up. 1827W. G. S. Exc. Vill. Curate 132 If you subject me to such obstruent interruptions as these. 1857Mayne Expos. Lex., Obstruens, shutting or closing up; applied to medicines: obstruent. 1892in Syd. Soc. Lex. 1945R. Hargreaves Enemy at Gate 27 Cold, flabby, capricious, obstruent, and quite femininely vindictive, he was a creature of almost supernal selfishness, timidity and irresolution. 1973J. Wainwright Pride of Pigs 70 The object of the exercise was to demolish any obstruent bushel likely to get in the way of his particular light.
B. n.
a. Something that obstructs, an obstruction.
b. Med. A medicine which closes the orifices of ducts or vessels, or the natural passages of the body.
1669W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 32 Vitiated by such an obstructive coagulative salt according to the strength and degree of the obstruent. 1888A. S. Wilson Lyric Hopeless Love lxix, Some obstruent to clear away. 1892in Syd. Soc. Lex.
c. Phonetics. Also erron. obstruant. A fricative or plosive speech sound. Also attrib. and Comb.
1942Language XVIII. 13 The first member of a cluster of two obstruents (stop or spirant) is voiceless. 1952W. P. Lehmann Proto-Indo-European Phonol. ii. 7 We then arrive at three classes of phonemes: 1. those which may not function as syllabics will be called obstruents. 1955C. F. Hockett Man. Phonol. 97 A number of obstruent systems include no symmetric set at all. 1956J. Whatmough Language iii. 36 Sounds which are partially or completely stopped at some point—between the larynx and the lips (these are known as obstruents), e.g. p:k, or f:χ. 1962Word XVIII. 312 Post⁓vocalic consonants cluster in exactly the opposite direction, right to left, with privilege of occurrence of more than one consonant from an obstruent group, as many as three lenes or four fortes, but never a lenis after a fortis. 1963Ervin & Miller in J. A. Fishman Readings Sociol. of Lang. (1968) 71 Vowel distinctions are learned first. The order of acquisition for the remaining features is: (a) vowels vs. consonants; (b) sonorants vs. articulated obstruants [etc.]. 1965N. Chomsky Aspects of Theory of Syntax iv. 168 If the second consonant is a liquid, the first must be an obstruent. 1969Language XLV. 248 We may symbolize the elements involved as C (any obstruent), R (any ‘resonant’ or semivowel) and V (any vowel). 1970Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics XV. 122 Two examples [of persistent rule] are the well known devoicing of the final obstruants in German..and the loss of final /n/ in Livonian. 1973A. H. Sommerstein Sound Pattern Anc. Greek ii. 26 The derivation of [n] from /nt/ is by Obstruent Dropping. 1975Language LI. 528, I observed that the alternation between distinctively paired obstruents such as [p-b, t-d, k-g] had to be stated as a morphophonemic regularity. 1977Trans. Philol. Soc. 1975 4 It is clear that a certain class of obstruent-final stems has the property of having inflected forms where the stem-final obstruents differ in voicing from those in the simplex forms. |