| 释义 |
occupy, v.|ˈɒkjʊpaɪ|
Also 4–6 ocupie, -ye, (5 -y), 4–7 occupie, 5–6 -ye, (4 occipie, 6 occypye; 4 okupie, 5 okepye, -paey; okew-, oky-, ocopy; hokewepye; 6 hocupy, pa. pple. okepyde); pa. tense and pple. 4 occupid, 4–6 -yd, 6 ocuped, Sc. occupeit.
[irreg. f. OF. occuper, ad. L. occupāre to seize (by force), take possession of, get hold of, take up, occupy, employ, invest (money); f. oc-, ob- (ob- 1 b) + stem cap- in capĕre to take, seize. The final -ie, -ye, -y of the English word, found in the vb. and its inflexions and derivatives (occupier, etc.) at their earliest appearance c 1340, are not explicable from the F. occup-er, occup-ant, occupe, etc., and their origin has not been ascertained. It is possible that the change took place in AFr., in which Act 5. Rich. II has occupiours, occupiers = occupiers: but this may be from Eng.]
†1. trans. To take possession of, take for one's own use, seize. Obs. in gen. sense: see b.
a1340Hampole Psalter xvii. 6 Preoccupauerunt me laquei mortis..bifore occupid has me þe snares of ded. c1350in Leg. Rood (1871) 64 All þi lims on ilka side Witht sorows sal be ocupide. 1463in Bury Wills (Camden) 36, I beqwethe to Thomas Heighaum the yonger my tablys of ivory... And if he wil not ocupye hem I bequethe the seid tablees to..his wyf. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VII, 60 Also dyed..the kynges chiefe chamberleyn, whose office Charles.. occupied and enioyed. 1553Brende Q. Curtius ix. 4 Some occupied dartes, some speares, and other axes, and..leaped to and fro to theyr cartes. 1614Raleigh Hist. World v. i. §2. (1634) 268 Which done, they occupied the Citie, Lands, Goods, and Wiues of those, whom they had murdered.
b. spec. To take possession of (a place) by settling in it, or by military conquest, etc.; to enter upon the possession and holding of.
1375Barbour Bruce i. 98 Throw his mycht till occupy Landis, þat war till him marcheand. 1494Fabyan Chron. v. xciv. 69 A Saxon named Ella..slewe many Brytons,..and after occupyed that Countre. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VII, 25 b, That he would invade or occupie the territory of hys enemies. 1810in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 372 The finishing, compleating and occupying..the building. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. x. II. 582 The Dutch had occupied Chelsea and Kensington. 1855Ibid. xviii. IV. 205 Glencoe was to be occupied by troops.
c. intr. or absol. To take possession. rare.
c1400Destr. Troy 5329 My fos were so fell..Þat þai occupiet ouer all, euyn as hom list. 1862Mrs. Norton Lady of La Garaye Prol., Creatures that dwell alone Occupy boldly.
2. trans. To hold possession of; to have in one's possession or power; to hold (a position or office).
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 384 As þe baron or þe knyȝte occupieþ & gouerneþ his baronrye or his knyȝtte. a1400Morte Arth. 278 Belyne and Bremyne, and Bawdewyne the thyrde, They ocupyede þe empyre aughte score wynnttyrs. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 380 You who occupie the chiefest places amongest the States of the Empire. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 194 The Turkes and infidels which to that day had kept and occupied the same Isle [Rhodes]. 1784Cowper Tiroc. 414 Least qualified..To occupy a sacred, awful post. 1845M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 14 Gregory..occupied the see of Tours twenty-three years. Ibid. 18 The..inferior Franks..posted themselves, fully armed,..under the portico, occupying all the entrances. 1883Law Times 20 Oct. 410/2 A married woman is now to occupy the same position as her Saxon ancestress.
b. To reside in and use (a place) as its tenant, or regular inhabitant; to tenant.
c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xxiv. 109 He..occupies þe same land þat he was lorde off. 1489Act 4 Hen. VII, c. 19 If any such owner or owners..take kepe & occupy any such house or houses & lands in his or their own hands. 1767Blackstone Comm. II. i. 7 By constantly occupying the same individual spot, the fruits of the earth were consumed. 1853J. H. Newman Hist. Sk. (1873) II. i. i. 2 This tract..is at present occupied by civilized communities. 1881J. Russell Haigs 5 Bemersyde House..has been occupied by the Haigs for more than seven centuries.
†c. intr. or absol. To hold possession or office; to dwell, reside; to stay, abide. Obs.
c1425Lydg. Assembly of Gods 1372 Where Vertew occupyeth must nedys well grow. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 337/1 He..ordeyned an holy man to occupye in his place. 1523Fitzherb. Surv. Prol., The names of the lordes and tenauntes that occupy. 1535Coverdale Matt. xvii. 21 Whyle they occupied in Galile Iesus sayde vnto them [etc.].
3. trans. To take up, use up, fill (space or time); also in weakened sense, To be situated or stationed in, to be in or at (a place or position).
1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 3025 It may occupy na stede. 1382Wyclif Luke xiii. 7 Kitt it doun, wherto occupieth it the erthe? c1386Chaucer Sqr.'s T. 56 Thanne wolde it occupie a someres day. c1400Three Kings Cologne 27 Þei come so late and all placys were ocupied with pilgrymes and oþir men. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VII, 11 b, Lyke a cypher in algorisme that is ioyned to no figure but onely occupieth a place. c1566J. Alday tr. Boaystuau's Theat. World S vij b, If we should rehearse and declare all the singularities..I should occupy a large volume. 1651Hobbes Leviath. iii. xxxiv. 207 The Word Body..signifieth that which..occupyeth some certain room. 1839G. Bird Nat. Philos. 369 The black cross disappearing, and leaving white spaces in the place it previously occupied. 1865R. W. Dale Jew. Temp. xvi. 173, I shall not occupy your time with any description of the form of the sanctuary. 1875Jowett Plato I. 399 The voyage..has occupied thirty days.
4. To employ, busy, engage (a person, or the mind, attention, etc.). Often in pass.; also refl.
c1340Hampole Prose Tr. 17 If þou se any mane gastely ocupiede ffalle in any of þise synnes. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. v. 409, I am occupied eche day, haliday and other, With ydel tales atte ale. 1413Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton) i. xxi. (1859) 22 He occupyed my wyttes with other thynges. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxviii. 578 Many stones..ynoughe for to ocupye at ones all the masons that were there. 1555Eden Decades 136 They occupyed them selues in the searchinge of particular tractes and coastes. 1604E. G[rimstone] D'Acosta's Hist. Indies iii. i. 117 Then shall he truly occupie himselfe in the studie of Philosophie. 1781Cowper Conversation 57 Whatever subject occupy discourse. 1795Burke Corr. IV. 330 It..would have occupied the attention of all companies. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xvi. 105, I occupied myself with my instruments. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 80 Every one who is occupied with public affairs.
†5. To make use of, use (a thing). Obs.
c1425Lydg. Assembly of Gods 1935 As though that he wolde Hys darte haue occupyed. 1483Caxton Cato B iij b, In makyng and ocupyeng false dyse. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §1 Than is the ploughe the moste necessaryest instrumente than an husbande can occupy. 1581Marbeck Bk. of Notes 34 When the night is past..why should we occupie anie longer a candle. 1584Cogan Haven Health (1636) 113 When you will occupie more or lesse, you may put in sugar and sit it over the fire, untill it boyle. 1774C. Keith Farmer's Ha', Lasses, occupy your wheel.
†b. intr. with of. Obs.
1558Warde tr. Alexis' Secr. (1580) 52 b, Occupie alwaies of this Sope, when you will washe your heade. Ibid. (1568) 94 b, At every time that you wyll occupye of it, styrre it well.
†6. trans. To employ oneself in, engage in, practise, perform, carry on; to follow or ply as one's business or occupation. Obs.
c1400in Hist. & Antiq. Masonry 28 Hit is called Effraym, and there was sciens of Gemetry and masonri fyrst occupied. 1465Paston Lett. II. 182 Leve wylfullnesse whyche men sey ye occupye to excessifly. 1524in Vicary's Anat. (1888) App. iii. 157 Iniunccion ys geuen to the seyd Roys, that he shall no more occupie Phisik. 1535Coverdale Ps. cvi[i.] 23 They that go downe to the see in shippes, & occupie their busynesse in greate waters. 1581W. Stafford Exam. Compl. ii. (1876) 48 Therefore men wil the gladder occupy husbandry.
†b. intr. To be busy or employed (in some capacity); to exercise one's craft or function; to practise; to do business, to work. Obs.
c1425Lydg. Assembly of Gods 450 Ye seelyd my patent, yeuyng me full power soo to occupy. 1512Act 3 Hen. VIII, c. 11 To exercise and occupie as a Phisicion. 1576Lichfield Gilds (E.E.T.S.) 27 Admytted..to occupie as a master, Iourney-man, or servaunte within the said Cittie. 1618N. Field Amends Ladies A j, I do entertain you. How do you occupy? What can you use? 1653Urquhart Rabelais i. vii, The Seamsters (when the point of their needles was broken) began to work and occupie with the tail.
†7. trans. To employ (money or capital) in trading; to lay out, invest, put out to interest, trade with; to deal in. [L. occupare pecuniam.]
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 28 b, This rychesse he hath gyuen to vs as a stocke to occupy. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 118 He commaunded that the talentes received should be occupied that they might be made gainfull. 1581Marbeck Bk. of Notes 1075 Wee be commaunded to occupie our Lords money, and not to hide it. 1602W. Fulbecke 1st Pt. Parall. 29 If two Merchantes occupie their goods and merchandise in common to their common profite, the one of them may haue a writ of accompt against his companion. 1611Bible Ezek. xxvii. 9. 1773 Johnson Let. to Mrs. Thrale 17 May, Upon ten thousand pounds diligently occupied, they may live in great plenty.
†b. intr. To trade, deal. Obs.
1525Ld. Berners Froiss. II. cxi. [cvii.] 318 Berthaulte of Malygnes..occupyeth to Damas, to Cayre, and to Alexandre. 1534Tindale Luke xix. 13 Occupye tyll I come [R.V. Trade ye herewith]. 1581Marbeck Bk. of Notes 653 [He] gained much by occupieng with the Iewes and Christians. 1650Fuller Pisgah ii. v. 129 Such as occupied in her fairs with all precious stones.
†8. trans. and intr. To deal with or have to do with sexually; to cohabit. Obs.[Cf. L. occupare amplexu, Ovid F. iii. 509; but perh. of Eng. origin.] [1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) III. 47 Men of Lacedemonia..fatigate and wery thro the compleyntes of theire wifes beenge at home, made a decre and ordinaunce that thei scholde occupye [Trevisa, take; Higd. pluribus uti viris] mony men, thenkenge the nowmbre of men to be encreasede by that. ]c1520in Laneham's Let. (1871) Introd. 130 To make hyme [your husband] lystear to occupye with youe. 1546Bale Eng. Votaries i. (1550) 56 b, As king Edwine..occupyed Alfgiua his concubine. 1632Rowley Wom. Never Vexed iii. i. in Hazl. Dodsley XII. 137 Being partners, they did occupy long together before they were married. 1660Hexham, Genooten een Vrouw, To Lie with, or to Occupie a woman.
[Note. The disuse of this verb in the 17th and most of the 18th c. is notable. Against 194 quots. for 16th c., we have for 17th only 8, outside the Bible of 1611 (where it occurs 10 times), and for 18th c. only 10, all of its last 33 years. The verb occurs only twice (equivocally) in Shakes., is entirely absent from the Concordances to Milton and Pope, is not used by Gray; all Johnson's quots., exc. 2, are from the Bible of 1611. It was again freely used by Cowper (13 instances in Concordance). This avoidance appears to have been due to its vulgar employment in sense 8; cf.1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, ii. iv. 161 (Qo. 1600) A captaine? Gods light these villaines wil make the word as odious as the word occupy, which was an excellent good worde before it was il sorted. a1637B. Jonson Discov., De Stylo (1640) 112 Many, out of their owne obscene Apprehensions, refuse proper and fit words; as occupie, nature, and the like.] |