| 释义 |
optic, a. and n.|ˈɒptɪk|
Forms: (6 obtyke, 7 obtick), 6–7 opticke, -ike, 6–8 -ique, 7–8 -ick, 7– optic.
[a. F. optique (obtique, c 1300 in Littré) = OIt. optico, It. ottico, ad. med.L. opticus (see Note to sense 2), a. Gr. ὀπτικ-ός of or pertaining to sight, f. ὀπτός seen, visible, f. stem ὀπ- (cf. ὄψ, ὀπ- eye, face, ὄψοµαι I shall see, etc.).
1656Blount Glossogr. To Rdr., There is a liberty in most Adjectives, whether you will say Optique (after the French), Optick, Opticous, or Optical.]
A. adj.
1. Of or pertaining to sight; visual. (Now rare or Obs. in general sense.)
1599B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hum. ii. iii, Dazle, you organs to my optique sense. 1616Bullokar Eng. Expos., Optike, belonging to the sight. 1637Heywood Dial. xviii. Wks. 1874 VI. 249, I hardly can withdraw myne Optick sence. 1657Trapp Comm. Job ix. 11 God is all window, and he, like the Optike vertue in the eye, seeth all, and is seen of none. 1805T. Harral Scenes of Life II. 44 His optic senses were somewhat awakened by the brilliant appearance. 1831Carlyle Sart. Res. iii. x, May we not well cry shame on an ungrateful world{ddd}which will waste its optic faculty on dried Crocodiles, and Siamese Twins?
2. Anat. Pertaining to or connected with the eye as the organ of sight, or with the sense of sight as a function of the brain; esp. in the names of bodily parts or structures. (Also used in Path. of diseases affecting, and in Surg. of operations performed on, such parts.)
optic chiasm, o. commissure, the commissure of the right and left optic nerves at the base of the brain. optic cup, a cup-like depression in the front of the optic vesicle of the embryo; also that in the centre of the optic disc. optic disc, the roundish slightly prominent disc on the retina at the entrance of the optic nerve. optic foramen, the opening in the sphenoid bone through which the optic nerve passes. optic ganglion = optic lobe (esp. when small, as in the higher animals). optic groove, a groove on the upper surface of the sphenoid bone, in which the optic commissure lies. optic lobe, each of the two (right and left) lobes of the dorsal part of the mid-brain, from which in part the optic nerves arise; in lower vertebrates large, and forming two hollow bulbs (corpora bigemina); in mammals small, covered in by other parts, and marked each by a cross-furrow, so as to form four protuberances (corpora quadrigemina). optic nerve, the second cranial nerve on each side (esp. that part in front of the optic commissure), which enters the eyeball and terminates in the retina; they are the nerves of the special sense of sight. optic neuritis (Path.), inflammation of the optic nerve. optic neurotomy (Surg.), division of the optic nerve. optic pad, an eye-bearing protuberance at the end of an arm of a star-fish. optic papilla = optic disc. optic peduncle, (a) Zool. the eye-stalk of a crustacean (= ophthalmite 2); (b) Embryol. the narrow tube connecting the optic vesicle with the fore-brain, from which the optic tract is developed. † optic sinew, old name for the optic nerve. optic stalk = optic peduncle (a and b); also the ommatophore of a snail or other mollusc. optic thalamus, each of two large masses of nerve-matter in the brain, one on each side of the third ventricle, lying upon the crura cerebri, and forming with the corpora striata the basal ganglia of the brain; from them in part the optic nerves arise. optic tract, that part of the optic nerve between its origin in the brain and the optic commissure. optic tubercle, each of the corpora quadrigemina (see optic lobe above). optic vesicle, a vesicle connected with the fore-brain of the embryo, from which the optic nerve and retina are developed.
[The earliest of these is optic nerves (in 16th c. optique sinews), OF. les ners obtiques (c 1300), med.L. nervi optici: cf. 1100–25 Adelard of Bath c. xxiii Habet autem [spiritus visibilis] egressum per diversos nervos concavos, quos Greci vocant opticos; also a 1300 in Roger Bacon.]
1541R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg. E iij, Wherfore are the synewes obtykes perced? Answere. For to be the waye of the spyryte vysyble. 1543Traheron Vigo's Chirurg. i. ii. 3 That they might receave the visible spirite by the synnowe called Optique. [1548–77Vicary Anat. v. (1888) 37 These senews be called Nerui optici.] 1615Crooke Body of Man 530 The Opticke Nerues stood in neede to bee very short. 1633P. Fletcher Purple Isl. v. 56 note, The eye hath two nerves, the Optick or seeing nerve, and moving. 1717Prior Alma i. 34 Two optic nerves, they say, she ties, Like spectacles, across the eyes. 1842E. Wilson Anat. Vade M. (ed. 2) 27 Passing outwards and forwards from the olivary process, are the optic foramina, which transmit the optic nerves and ophthalmic arteries. 1854Owen Skel. & Teeth in Circ. Sc., Organ. Nat. I. 176 The alisphenoids protect the sides of the optic lobes. 1869Tyndall Notes Lect. Light §275 When light of any particular colour falls upon the eye the optic nerve is rendered less sensitive to that colour. 1872Optic chiasma, optic commissure [see chiasma]. 1876Clin. Soc. Trans. IX. 133 By far the greater number of cases of optic neuritis so complete as this are followed by almost total extinction of vision. 1881Mivart Cat 268 The optic thalami are thickenings in the outer walls of the third ventricle. 1882Syd. Soc. Lex. s.v. Commissure, The greater number of the fibres of each optic tract cross in the optic commissure to the opposite optic nerve. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 66 The occurrence of optic atrophy did not escape the observation of Charcot.
3. Of, pertaining to, or skilled in the science of sight and light (optics); = optical 2, 3. Obs. or arch.
1569J. Sandford tr. Agrippa's Van. Artes 34 Nexte after Geometrie, is the Arte Opticke which is called Perspectiue. 1624Wotton Archit. in Reliq. (1672) 26 We have an Optique Rule, that the higher they [Pillars] are,..the less should be alwayes their diminution aloft. 1635Swan Spec. M. (1670) 292 The Optick Masters confess and prove that the forms of the Stars are comprehended of the sight reflectly, and not rightly. 1656Blount Glossogr. s.v., The Optick Science is that by which the reason of sight is known. 1709Berkeley Th. Vision §6 Another way, mentioned by optic writers.
4. Constructed to assist the sight; acting by means of light; = optical 4. Chiefly in the phrases (now arch.) optic glass, a lens, or an instrument having a lens, esp. a telescope; optic tube, a telescope; optic square: see optical 4.
1607T. Walkington (title) The Optick Glasse of Humors. 1611Coryat Crudities Kirchner's Orat. Praise Trav., This Counsellor is like that opticke-glasse wherein not onely the space of three or tenne miles but..of the whole world it selfe may be represented. a1626Bp. Andrewes Serm. (1856) I. 42 We shall need no prospective glasses, or optic instruments, to make it visible. 1633P. Fletcher Purple Isl. Ded. Ep., Some Optick-Glasses, if we look one way, increase the object; if the other, lessen the quantity. 1648Boyle Seraph. Love (1660) 59 A difference resembling that where⁓with Children and Astronomers consider Galileo's Optick Glasses. 1651Davenant Gondibert v. ii. 16 Others with Optick Tubes the Moons scant face..Attract through Glasses. 1748Lady Luxborough Lett. to Shenstone 11 Sept., Mr. Sanders speaking of the dimension of his Optic Glasses..put me in mind of measuring mine. It is near three inches and a half diameter, convex on one side, and flat on the other. 1809Farmer's Mag. X. 489 By means of the optic square..a right-lined figure of any size can be measured with the utmost accuracy. 1827Pollok Course T. vi, Survey With optic tube the systems circling round. 1884Guardian 3 Sept. 1293/3 The general..with whom he was in communication by optic telegraph. 1889Browning Asolando Prol. iii, Did you need an optic glass, Which were your choice?
5. Of or pertaining to sight in relation to light, or to light as the medium of sight or generally; = optical 2.
optic angle, (a) the angle between the two lines from the extremities of an object to the eye, being the angle under which it is seen, or the visual angle; (b) the angle between the optic axes of the eyes when directed to the same object; (c) the angle between the optic axes of a biaxial doubly-refracting crystal. optic axis, (a) the straight line through the centres of the pupil and crystalline lens, the axis of the eye; (b) a line in a doubly-refracting crystal such that a ray of light passing in the direction of it suffers no double refraction.
1664Power Exp. Philos. i. 80 Take a fresh Eye..cut it with a plain Parallel to the Optick Axis. 1710J. Clarke Rohault's Nat. Phil. (1729) I. 247 We turn our Eyes to it in such a manner, that the two Optick Axes meet at the Point which we fix our Attention principally upon. 1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v. Angle, Visual, or Optic angle, is the angle included between the two rays drawn from the two extreme points of an object to the centre of the pupil. 1781Herschel in Phil. Trans. LXXII. 96 It has been observed, that objects grow indistinct when the principal optic pencil at the eye becomes less than the 40th or 50th part of an inch in diameter. c1790J. Imison Sch. Art I. 210 Easy to apprehend, by any person who understands the nature of the optic angle. 1881Syd. Soc. Lex., Optic axis, the axis of the dioptric system of the eye... It is not identical with the visual line or axis. Also, in a doubly refracting crystal, a line which represents a direction in which the double refraction does not occur.
B. n.
1. a. The organ of sight, the eye: chiefly in pl. (Formerly the learned and elegant term; afterwards pedantic, and now usually humorous.)
1620R. Brathwait Five Senses Table in Archaica (1815) II. p. v, By that elevating muscle by which it is distinguished from the optic in all other creatures, it [the eye] is taught to be on that subject only fixed, where it may be wholly and solely satisfied. 1642Howell For. Trav. (Arb.) 88 Not by hear-say only, or through the mist of other mens breaths, but through the cleere casements of his own optiques. 1661Glanvill Van. Dogm. 5 The acuteness of his natural Opticks. 1713Swift Elegy on Partridge, Partridge made his opticks rise From a shoe-sole to reach the skies. a1734North Lives (1826) III. 286 He surveyed it with all his optics. 1775–82J. Trumbull McFingal i. 67 But optics sharp it needs, I ween, To see what is not to be seen. 1781Cowper Truth 3 Far as human optics may command. 1790A. M. Johnson Monmouth I. 22 Giving that relief in perspective so necessary to the otherwise fatigued optic. 1818Q. Rev. XVIII. 133 note, An advantage..which has escaped the optics of former writers. 1850Hawthorne Scarlet L. (1883) II. 80 Yet those same bleared optics had a strange, penetrating power.
fig.c1650Denham Friendsh. & Single Life agst. Love & Marriage ii, Our corporeal eyes, we find, Dazzle the optics of our mind. 1790J. Williams Shrove Tuesday 28 Example clears the optics of the soul. 1844Ld. Brougham Brit. Const. viii. (1862) 97 The error common to our moral and our natural optics, of mistaking near objects for great ones.
†b. Short for optic nerve; fig. visual power. Obs.
1615Crooke Body of Man 485 The first coniugation there⁓fore of the nerues of the braine are the Opticks. 1643Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. i. §44 Nor is it in the Opticks of these eyes to behold felicity. 1657W. Rand tr. Gassendi's Life Peiresc ii. 97 The Optic, or the middle of the Retina. 1687Death's Vis. (1713) 15 Will He come Teach an Unfledg'd Soul to Fly, To see, without the Optics of an Eye? 1718D'Urfey Grecian Heroine v. i, On this with covetous Eyes I us'd to gaze, 'till I even crackt their Opticks.
2.
†a. An ‘optic glass’; an eye-glass, lens, magnifying glass; a microscope or telescope. Obs.
a1631Donne Div. Poems, To Mr. Tilman 46 If then, th' astronomers, whereas they spy A new-found star, their opticks magnify. 1640Nabbes Bride iv. i, A..stone with an inscription That is not legible but through an optick Tells us its age. 1673Lady's Call. ii. iii. §16 She that can make her mourning veil an optic to draw a new lover neerer to her sight. 1745Eliza Heywood Female Spect. No. 17 (1748) III. 268 The telescope was again unscrewed,..when..they were obliged to draw in the optic, and make fast the window, against which it had been placed. c1800K. White Childhood ii. 109 Which bright through Hope's deceitful optics beam'd. [1886Daily Tel. 7 Apr. 5/4 One of the two places..where alone these gigantic ‘opticks’ can be properly perfected.]
b. pl. The optical components of an instrument or apparatus.
1942J. Mitchell Ilford Man. Photogr. xiv. 297 (heading) Optics of the condenser enlarger. 1948Rev. Sci. Instruments XIX. 153/2 Now that better optics and energy detectors are more generally available..polarization work will undoubtedly increase. 1962Analyt. Chem. XXXIV. 242/2 A double-beam infrared microspectrophotometer employing a double-beam-in-time system and reflecting optics having 8 × magnification. 1972Physics Bull. Mar. 155/2 It is easy to arrange the x ray optics so that the diffracted beams from a selected set of parallel crystal planes form an image of the crystal.
†3. One skilled in optics; = optician 1. (In quot. 1636, one who has a ‘good eye’ or well-trained sight.) Obs.
1636Featly Clavis Myst. xxxi. 410 Artificiall pictures drawne by the pencill of a skilful Opticke. 1656Heylin Surv. France 180 A tablet..such as would infinitely delight an optick. 1675Phil. Trans. X. 501 Mr. Newton had no reason to tax P. Pardies of Hallucination... For that learned optike very well saw [etc.].
†4. The science of sight and light; optics. Obs. (= F. optique, OIt., Sp., Pg. optica, It. ottica, in 16th c. L. optica, sing. fem. as well as pl. neut.)
1611Florio, Ottica, the science whereby the reason of sight is knowen, the optike. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. ii. ii. iv. (1651) 279 Arithmetick, Geometry, Perspective, Optick, Astronomy. 1634Peacham Gentl. Exerc. iii. 140 The extreame parts of a perspicuous body shine and yeeld a more faint light than the middle, as appeareth by Opticke. 1646J. Saltmarsh Some Drops i. 18 Bringing in Christ by Obtick or sense, and making conversion to be by perspective. 1869Eng. Mech. 17 Dec. 329/1 Can they be explained according to the laws..of optic and perspective?
5. (Properly with capital initial.) The proprietary name of a device fastened to the neck of a bottle for measuring out spirits, etc.; also optic measure.
1926Trade Marks Jrnl. 22 Sept. 2158 Optic, an apparatus included in Class 8, for delivering a measured quantity of Spirits or other Liquids. Gaskell & Chambers Limited. 1953Word for Word: Encycl. Beer (Whitbread & Co.) 27/2 Optic, a measuring and dispensing device widely used for spirits. It is usually inserted into the neck of an inverted bottle. 1967Guardian 18 Feb. 3/1 Overnight, with the drop in temperature, a small amount of the alcohol in optics is lost... Now the Licensed Victuallers Association has told the landlords to take the bottles down each morning and allow the liquor in the optics to flow back into the bottle. 1968‘P. Barrington’ Accessory to Murder i. 16 Joe, the landlord, was surprised to see him... ‘Going to a sale somewhere, then?’ he asked genially, holding a small glass under the optic measure. 1968‘A. Haig’ Sign on for Tokyo 58 Joe could see his face reflected in the glass behind the bar, between the spirits bottles on their optic measures. 1970V. Canning Great Affair xii. 215 A row of shining optics under the whisky and gin bottles. 1974P. Cave Dirtiest Picture Postcard xiii. 85 She swung at her empty glass, sending it flying across the smooth bar-top to smash against a row of optics. |