| 释义 |
▪ I. ˈOtto2
[Named after the inventor in 1877.]
A kind of velocipede: see dicycle. Hence ˈOttoist, a rider of an ‘Otto’ dicycle.
1885Cycl. Tour. Club Gaz. Sept. 284 One or more tricyclists who are in the habit of riding with good Ottoists. Ibid., My experience is that the ‘Otto’ is more easily ridden uphill than the F.S. tricycle. 1887Bury & Hillier Cycling (Badm. Libr.) 369 All Ottos built before 1882 were fitted with block breaks.
▪ II. Otto3|ˈɒtəʊ|
The name of Nikolaus August Otto (1832–1891), German engineer, used attrib. to designate (a) the four-stroke cycle employed in most petrol and gas engines (cf. four-stroke a.), idealized as adiabatic compression followed by heat addition at constant volume, adiabatic expansion, and heat rejection at constant volume; and (b) an engine employing this cycle.
The cycle was orig. proposed by A. Beau de Rochas in 1862, but Otto was the first to build an engine employing it (in 1876) after conceiving the idea independently.
1878Sci. Amer. 30 Mar. 195/1 The new Otto horizontal gas engine..closely resembles the ordinary horizontal steam engine. 1885W. Macgregor Gas Engines ii. 81 The original and classic type of the Otto engine has received improvements at the hands of both its German and English manufacturers. 1886D. Clerk Gas Engine vii. 183 The indicator diagrams prove the very efficient nature of the Otto cycle. 1930Engineering 7 Feb. 186/1 Theoretically, the Otto cycle..promised higher efficiencies than the constant-pressure Diesel cycle. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. VII. 201/1 For an Otto engine, an increase in either the air temperature or density increases the tendency of the engine to knock. 1975Sci. Amer. Jan. 34/3 According to the DOT-EPA report, the 40 percent improvement by 1980 should be attainable with the present Otto-cycle (four-stroke) gasoline engine, in combination with improved transmissions, reduced weight and aerodynamic drag and improved accessories.
†b. Used ellipt. for Otto engine. Obs.
1886D. Clerk Gas Engine vi. 106 The Otto is only half single acting. 1903Work XXV. 18/2 Petrol car engines are of the vertical single-acting Otto type, any variations consisting chiefly of horizontal Ottos. |