| 释义 |
resentment|rɪˈzɛntmənt|
Also 7 rec-, ress-.
[ad. F. ressentiment (16th c.), or It. risentimento, f. F. ressentir, It. risentire: see resent v.
The first occurrence of the word in English appears to be in Florio (1611) prob. in sense 4.]
1. An indignant sense of injury or insult received, or of wrong or affront done to some person or thing to which one is attached. Now rare.
1619in Eng. & Germ. (Camden) 99, I had no will..to shew any ressentment of this neglect in publike, and therefore resolved to swallow it for a while. 1641Baker Chron. (1653) 145 Some years after..King Edward begun to show his resentment of the stubborn behaviour of his Nobles towards him. 1706Stanhope Paraphr. III. 351 Zeal..appears in his Resentment of the Profanations committed upon the Temple. a1754Carte Hist. Eng. (1755) IV. 183 They brought with them into the house of commons very keen resentments of their confinement. 1781Cowper Expost. 328 In just resentment of his injured laws, He pours contempt on them and on their cause.
2. a. A strong feeling of ill-will or anger against the author or authors of a wrong or affront; the manifestation of such feeling against the cause of it. Also in pl., and const. against, at.
1634W. Tirwhyt tr. Balzac's Lett. 335 But I would you knew, I haue no resentments against forcelesse enemies. 1638R. Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. (vol. III) 149 The wretched man..was not worthy of so noble a Resentment as yours. 1675H. More in R. Ward Life (1710) 313 Several excellent Passages.., that are very expressive of a vigorous Resentment. 1706Estcourt Fair Example iii. i, Rather than be subject to her Resentments, I'll compound the matter, and give 'em her my self. 1759Robertson Hist. Scot. iv. Wks. 1813 I. 301 Her resentment against the king seems not to have abated. 1760–62Goldsm. Cit. W. x, The Daures..feel no resentment at these injuries. 1828D'Israeli Chas. I, II. ii. 29 The war with France has been traced to the personal resentments of Buckingham. 1848Lytton Harold iv. vii, A victorious effort of justice over resentment. 1883Froude Short Stud. IV. iii. 263 The shocked conscience of mankind..was already kindling into resentment.
†b. pl. Remarks expressive of ill-feeling. Obs.—1
a1715Burnet Own Time iii. (1724) I. 579 Armstrong took this heavily: and in one paper which I saw, writ in his own hand, the resentments upon it were sharper than I thought became a dying penitent.
†c. A cause of resentment; a grievance. Obs.—1
1683Agathocles 5 The first Resentments that provoke their Cries Are Heavy Loans, and frequent Subsidies.
d. Social Psychol. A term introduced by Nietzsche (as G. ressentiment) to describe an attitude which arises, often unconsciously, from aggressive feelings frustrated by the sensed inferiority of one's situation or personality and freq. results in some form of self-abasement. Cf. ressentiment.
1899Haussmann & Gray tr. Nietzsche's Geneal. Morals i. 33 The slave-revolt in morality begins by resentment itself becoming creative and giving birth to values—the resentment of such beings, as real reaction, the reaction of deeds, is impossible to, and as nothing but [sic] an imaginary vengeance will serve to indemnify. 1911A. M. Ludovici tr. Nietzsche's Ecce Homo in Compl. Wks. XVII. 20 Freedom from resentment and the understanding of the nature of resentment—who knows how very much..I am indebted to my long illness for these two things. Ibid. 21 Nothing on earth consumes a man more quickly than the passion of resentment. 1943G. A. Morgan What Nietzsche Means vi. 150 At bottom, Nietzsche thinks, resentment is caused by a desire to stun pain. It differs from healthy revenge particularly in that, being impotent to express itself by immediate action, it poisons and consumes within. 1957H. E. Barnes tr. Sartre's Being & Nothingness ii. 47 Others so as to make the Not a part of their very subjectivity, establish their human personality as a perpetual negation. This is the meaning and function of what Scheler calls ‘the man of resentment’. 1974B. F. Skinner About Behaviorism x. 154 The controlling measures used by an authority make it more likely that a person will escape or counter-attack, and relevant conditions may be felt as resentment; at the same time the measures may generate compliant behavior.
†3.
a. A (sorrowful) feeling or sense of some trouble, loss, fault, etc. Obs.
1632Sir T. Hawkins tr. Mathieu's Unhappy Prosperitie i. 135 Hearts being ever tender in the ressentment of calamities. 1655Stanley Hist. Philos. i. (1701) 38/2 The Advice he gave concerning equal Marriage..was out of resentment of his own Troubles. 1698Tutchin White-Hall in Flames Ded. 2 From a just Resentment of this great Loss..did I attempt the following Poem.
†b. A (pleasant) sense of something enjoyed. Obs. rare.
1660N. Ingelo Bentiv. & Ur. ii. (1682) 146 They were expressing their mutual Resentments of their Common Felicity. 1682H. More Annot. Glanvill's Lux O. 79 It naturally enhances all the enjoyments..and makes them for ever have a more deep and vivid resentment of them.
†4.
a. A feeling of emotion of any kind. Also without article. Obs. (common c 1650–1700).
1632Sir T. Hawkins tr. Mathieu's Unhappy Prosperitie i. 96 Could he thinke, that a Prince who had so little resentment in the death of a sonne, would care for the losse of his servants. 1658R. Franck North. Mem. (1821) 275 Deep impressions, and ravishing refreshing resentments. 1676Otway Don Carlos ii. i, One so accomplish'd, and that lov'd you too, With what Resentments must he part with you? 1705Stanhope Paraphr. I. 71 The different Resentments, with which the Approach of this Judgment will be entertained. 1748Hartley Observ. Man i. iii. §3. 373 There generally remains a pleasing or displeasing Recollection or Resentment.
†b. A feeling of sorrow, joy, etc. Also, a trace of some feeling. Obs.
1632Sir T. Hawkins tr. Mathieu's Unhappy Prosperitie i. 34 In so just a resentment of sorrow. 1638R. Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. (vol. III) 129 The victorious and triumphant newes..gives me some resentment of joy. 1652J. Wright tr. Camus' Nat. Paradox IV. 87 Merinda..had very reall Resentments of Affection for Almeria. 1683Fell in Hatton Corr. (1878) II. 26 [You] who know how solicitous the resentments of friendship are. 1757Sherlock Disc. (1764) II. 333 Some Resentments of the same Spirit of Joy and Gratitude.
†c. A natural or spontaneous feeling, disposition, or inclination (towards something). Obs.
1654–66Earl of Orrery Parthen. (1676) 133 As thou art Heir to our Blood, be so also to our generous resentments. 1675R. Burthogge Causa Dei 81 Nor are we able to defend ourselves against so Good, so Pious a Resentment. 1690Norris Beatitudes (1694) I. 106 'Tis not enough to have..some kind resentments towards Righteousness.
†d. A feeling or sentiment towards another.
1675R. Burthogge Causa Dei 107 Mr. Hobbs, for whom you manifest no good Resentment. 1682Pepys 26 May in Diary (1879) VI. 146 The satisfaction of understanding your healths, and the kind resentments you had upon the notice of mine. 1705Stanhope Paraphr. II. 28 Professing the kindest Resentments, and most impatient Wishes for the Safety and Happiness of their Souls.
†5. Feeling or sensation; susceptibility to sensuous or mental impressions. Obs.
1653Nissena 12 It was impossible for him..without the resentments of a thousand deaths. 1661Glanvill Van. Dogm. 94 Our Eyes mis-inform us not, but faithfully transmit their recentment to the mind. 1704J. Trapp Abra-Mulé Ded., Men are generally less capable of those tender Impressions, which the Ladies (who are form'd with finer Resentments) more easily receive.
†6.
a. An appreciation or understanding of something. Obs.
1638Mede Wks. (1672) 7 As they might have known, had they had a true resentment of Morality. 1651–3Jer. Taylor Serm. for Year i. xxiii. 304 Sadnesse does in some cases become a Christian, as being an Index of a..wise proper resentment of things. 1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. 25 Expressing such a hearty Resentment of the Excellency of Piety, and the wretchedness and sottishness of Atheism.
†b. Interest in a thing; regard for, care of, something. Obs. rare.
1654Z. Coke Logick Pref., Which humble attempt my Lords, here Imploreth both your Resentment and Patronage. 1664H. More Myst. Iniq. 546 Who has so deep a resentment for Order and Unity in the Church [etc.]. 1751Hume Princ. Mor. v. ii. 83 They ask'd if it was possible we could have any general Concern for Society, or any disinterested Resentment of the Welfare or Injury of others.
†7. Grateful appreciation or acknowledgement (of a service, kindness, etc.); a feeling or expression of gratitude. Obs. (common c 1650–1750).
1651Cromwell Let. 4 Feb. (Carlyle), A Testimony..which deserves a fuller return, of deep resentment, value, and acknowledgement, than I am any ways able to make. 1672Cave Prim. Chr. i. xi. (1673) 348 What more fit than thankfulnes to God and a high resentment of such favours and blessings. 1714H. Grove Spect. No. 588 ⁋2 Nothing renders a Person more unworthy of a Benefit, than his being without all Resentment of it. 1762Bp. Forbes Jrnl. (1886) 233, I think myself obliged to testifie a grateful Resentment of that particular Place in your Regard. 1772Rec. Old Colony Club, The most grateful resentments for the immerited honor. 1849N. Amer. Rev. July 104 A farmer in..New England, who had recently lost his wife, called upon a lawyer..remarking that ‘he wished to make a proper resentment on the occasion’.
†8.
a. Reception in a particular way. Obs. rare—1.
1655Cromwell Sp. 22 Jan. (Carlyle), I have troubled you with a long Speech; and I believe it may not have the same resentment with all that it hath with some.
†b. A particular idea, opinion, or view of or upon something. Obs. rare.
1675J. Smith Chr. Relig. App. ii. 18 Has one man (in all this tract of time) had other Resentments of this thing, than such as have been expressed. 1688Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) I. 429 On the late proceedings of the pope..have been very ill resentments taken in France. 1748Richardson Clarissa (1811) IV. 194, I have great temptations..to express my own resentments upon your present state.
†9. Change of mind; retractation of something; regret for past conduct. Obs. rare.
1646J. Gregory Notes & Obs. (1650) 75 But for late resentments they are not much to be valued. 1684in Hay Fleming Six Saints (1901) I. App. 229, I, Arthour Cunghame, adhears to the resentment of my given consent to banishment. 1705in Hutchison Hist. Ref. Presb. Ch. (1893) 149 ‘He declared his resentment’—his regret for having so acted. |