| 释义 |
▪ I. overshot, a. (n.)|ˈəʊvəʃɒt|
[In origin the same as overshot ppl. a., with change of stress.]
A. adj.
1. Driven by water shot over from above.
overshot wheel, a water-wheel turned by the force of water falling upon or near the top of the wheel into buckets placed round the circumference. overshot mill, a mill to which the power is supplied by an overshot wheel.
c1535Surv. Yorksh. Monast. in Yorksh. Archæol. Jrnl. (1886) IX. 209 Item there is a litle ouershot mylne goynge wt a litle water. Ibid. 328 Item the ouershot water mylne hardby the gate. 1673E. Brown Trav. Germ. (1677) 164 An Overshot-wheel in the Earth, which moves the Pumps to pump out the Water. c1710C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 227 They have only the mills wch are overshott. 1805R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. Plate xiv, An overshot water-wheel fourteen feet diameter. 1880[see high a. 4 c]. 1904Kipling Traffics & Discov. 389 Mechanically, an overshot wheel with this head of water is about as efficient as a turbine. 1914Chambers's Jrnl. Mar. 205/1 The sewage passes over a wheel of overshot or undershot type. 1968J. Arnold Shell Book of Country Crafts xii. 175 The overshot wheel was used where there was a higher fall of water and was intended to turn by the weight of the descending water against the buckets or floats. 1978J. B. Hilton Some run Crooked iii. 22 The Powder Mill..was a mid-nineteenth-century ruin..an overshot water-wheel, now crippled over a leaking weir.
2. Supplied or ‘fed’ from above: see quot.
1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl., Over-shot Separator (Agric.), one in which the sheaf grain is fed into the threshing machine above the cylinder.
B. n. The stream of water which drives an overshot wheel.
1759Smeaton in Phil. Trans. LI. 138 An overshot, whose height is equal to the difference of level, between the point where it strikes the wheel and the level of the tail-water.
▪ II. overˈshot, ppl. a.
[pa. pple. of overshoot v.]
1. Shot or forced over or across a surface, etc.
1797Holcroft Stolberg's Trav. (ed. 2) III. lxxxiii. 328 This earthquake gave birth to lawsuits..between the proprietors of the overshooting and the possessors of the overshot earth.
2. Carried too far or to excess; exaggerated.
1774F. Burney Early Diary (1889) I. 324 He presented his plate to me, which, when I declined, he had not the over-shot politeness to offer all round.
3. Intoxicated. slang.
1605Marston, etc. Eastward Ho iv. i. Death! Colonel, I knew you were overshot. 1931T. R. G. Lyell Slang 668 There are innumerable synonyms applicable to different degrees of intoxication. Those most in general use are..muddled, overcome, overshot, [etc.]. 1942Berrey & Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §106/7 Drunk,..overshot.
4. Said of a partially dislocated fetlock joint, in which the upper bone is driven over or in front of the lower bones.
1881Times 18 Jan. 12/1 The horse was suffering from an overshot fetlock joint, which was incurable. 1897Daily News 26 Mar. 7/2 The fetlocks were only overshot.
5. Having the upper jaw projecting beyond the lower.
1885in C. Scott Sheep-farming (1886) 196 The skull of the collie should be quite flat and rather broad, with..mouth the least bit overshot.
6. Of the leaves of Jungermanniæ: see quots.
1884K. E. Goebel in Encycl. Brit. XVII. 67/2 Overshot leaves..are those in which the anterior margin, turned towards the vegetative point of the stem, stands higher than the posterior one, and thus the anterior margin of each leaf overlaps the posterior margin of the leaf which stands before it. Ibid., If the growth of the upper side preponderates, then we have the overshot, in the opposite case the undershot mode of covering.
7. Of a pattern or weave: that is characterized by uninterrupted lines of weft where the yarn has been made to pass over two or more warp threads before re-entering the fabric.
1952H. J. Brown Hand Weaving vi. 102 Any design that can be arranged on a formation of squares may be reproduced in overshot weaving... Many of the fine old American colonial coverlets that have been handed down as heirlooms were made in overshot design. 1965E. Tunis Colonial Craftsmen iv. 102 Such were the ‘overshot’ coverlets in wide variety which are prized examples of old weaving. 1970E. Regensteiner Art of Weaving v. 77/1 In the weaver's language, patterns produced by this system are called ‘overshot’, because when the harnesses are raised, the weft threads skip or ‘float’ over the groups of warp threads. |