| 释义 |
oxidize, v. Chem.|ˈɒksɪdaɪz|
Also oxy-.
[f. oxide + -ize.]
1. a. trans. To cause to combine with oxygen; to convert into an oxide or oxygen-compound. (In the case of a metal, often = to cover with a coating of oxide, to rust, make rusty.) More widely, to cause to undergo oxidation; to remove an electron from, completely or partly.
1802[implied in oxidizable, oxidizement]. 1806Hatchett in Phil. Trans. XCVI. 119 Coal is apparently nothing more than carbon oxidized to a certain degree. 1872Huxley Phys. vi. 138 It is highly probable that the amyloids and fats are very frequently oxidised in the blood. 1875H. C. Wood Therap. (1879) 123 There..must be a limit to the powers of the system to oxidize alcohol. 1894Perkin & Kipping Org. Chem. I. vi. 95 Alcohol is readily oxidised by chromic acid, yielding acetaldehyde. 1913McPherson & Henderson Course in Gen. Chem. xxxiv. 471 Ferrous chloride is said to be oxidized to ferric chloride. 1942Sneed & Maynard Gen. Inorg. Chem. xviii. 438 Chlorine oxidizes bromide ions and iodide ions to free bromine and iodine respectively. 1968R. O. C. Norman Princ. Org. Synthesis iv. 143 The methyl group is oxidized when methane is converted by bromine into methyl bromide, because the electron-pair in the C{b1}Br bond is less under the control of the carbon atom than the pair in the original C{b1}H bond.
b. humorously for ‘rust’ in fig. sense.
1895Forum (N.Y.) Jan. 602 The naïf enthusiasm of the elderly traveller whose own Greek is oxidized an inch thick.
2. intr. To enter into combination with oxygen; to take up oxygen; to become converted into an oxide. (Of a metal, often = to become coated with oxide; to rust, become rusty.)
1826Henry Elem. Chem. I. 166 A piece of zinc, immersed under water which is freely exposed to the atmosphere, oxidizes very slowly. 1864Daily Tel. 17 Mar., There they [iron rails] lie, and oxidise tranquilly. 1871Roscoe Elem. Chem. 199 Allowing thin pieces of the metal to oxidize in dry air.
Hence ˈoxidized ppl. a.; oxidizing vbl. n. and ppl. a.
oxidized silver, in silversmith's work, a name erroneously given to silver with a dark coating of silver sulphide.
1839G. Bird Nat. Philos. 203 The paper..will be found stained of a deep purple hue from the oxydized gold. 1842Parnell Chem. Anal. (1845) 371 Heated with rather a strong oxidizing flame. 1855J. R. Leifchild Cornwall 233 A long series of processes, alternately of an oxidizing and a deoxidizing character. 1871Giant 31 The new invention of oxydised silver. 1893Athenæum 1 Apr. 412/1 This reddening..is due to the oxidizing action of moist air. |