| 释义 |
oxy-|ɒksɪ|
repr. Gr. ὀξυ-, combining form of ὀξύς sharp, keen, acute, pungent, acid; used in various words, chiefly scientific. The more important of these will be found in their alphabetical places; others follow here, in two groups.
1. Words of various kinds, in which oxy- stands for ‘sharp’, ‘acute’ (in lit. or fig. sense): as
oxyacanthous |-əˈkænθəs| a. Bot. [Gr. ἄκανθα thorn], having sharp thorns (Mayne Expos. Lex. 1857). ‖ oxyæsthesia |-ɪsˈθiːsɪə| Phys. and Path. [mod.L., f. Gr. αἴσθησις feeling], abnormal acuteness of sensation, hyperæsthesia (Mayne). ‖ oxyaphia |-ˈæfɪə| Phys. and Path. [mod.L., f. Gr. ἁϕή touch], excessive acuteness of the sense of touch (Mayne). oxyˈaster Zool. [Gr. ἀστήρ star], a sponge-spicule having acute rays radiating from one point. ‖ oxyˈblepsia Phys. [mod.L., a. Gr. ὀξυβλεψία, f. βλέπειν to look], acuteness of sight, sharp-sightedness (Mayne). oxyˈcarpous a. Bot. [Gr. καρπός fruit], having pointed fruit (Mayne). oxycephalic |sɪˈfælɪk| a. Anthropol. [Gr. κεϕαλή head], having a skull of pointed or conical shape; so oxyˈcephaly, the condition of being oxycephalic. ˈoxyclad Zool., a branched form of sponge-spicule: see quot. oxyˈdactyl Zool. [Gr. δάκτυλος finger or toe], a. belonging to the division Oxydactyla of Batrachians, characterized by slender toes; n. an oxydactyl batrachian. † oxyˈdercical a. Obs. [Gr. ὀξυδερκικός], sharpening the sight. oxyˈdiact a. and n. Zool. [di-2; Gr. ἀκτίς ray], (a sponge-spicule) having two acute rays. ‖ oxyecoia |-iːˈkəʊɪə| Phys. and Path. [mod.L., a. Gr. ὀξυηκοΐα, f. ἀκούειν to hear], abnormal acuteness of hearing, acoustic hyperæsthesia (Mayne). † oxygal [ad. L. oxygala, Gr. ὀξύγαλα], sour milk. ‖ oxygeusia |-ˈgjuːsɪə| Phys. and Path. (also anglicized -geusy) [mod.L., f. Gr. γεῦσις taste], excessive acuteness of the sense of taste (Mayne). oxygnathous |ɒkˈsɪgnəθəs| a. Zool. [Gr. γνάθος jaw], having the jaws of the shell quite or almost smooth, as certain pulmonate molluscs. oxyˈhexact a. and n. Zool. [Gr. ἕξ six, ἀκτίς ray], (a sponge-spicule) having six acute rays; so oxyheˈxaster, a hexaster with acute rays (? = prec.). oxyklinocephalic |-ˌklaɪnəʊsɪˈfælɪk|, a. Anthropol., ? said of a skull combining the oxycephalic and klinocephalic forms. ‖ oxyˈopia Phys. (anglicized oxyopy) [mod.L., f. Gr. ὀπ- to see], abnormal acuteness of sight (Mayne). ‖ oxyosphresia |-ɒsˈfriːsɪə| Phys. [mod.L., f. Gr. ὄσϕρησις smell], excessive acuteness of the sense of smell (Dunglison 1842). oxyˈpentact a., n. Zool. [Gr. πέντε five, ἀκτίς ray], (a sponge-spicule) having five acute rays. oxyˈpetalous a. Bot., having pointed petals (Mayne). ‖ oxyˈphonia Phys., Path. (also anglicized oxˈyphony) [mod.L., a. Gr. ὀξυϕωνία, f. ϕωνή voice], excessive acuteness or shrillness of voice (Dunglison 1842). oxyphyllous |-ˈfɪləs| a. Bot. [Gr. ϕύλλον leaf], having pointed leaves (Mayne). ˈoxyr(r)hine, oxyˈr(r)hinous adjs. Zool. [Gr. ῥίς, ῥῑν- snout], sharp-nosed, sharp-snouted. oxystomatous |-ˈstɒmətəs| a. Zool. [Gr. στόµα mouth], having the mouth-parts sharply projecting, as the division Oxystomata (Milne Edwards) of crabs; so ˈoxystome a. = prec.; n. a crab of the division Oxystomata. oxystrongyle |-ˈstrɒndʒɪl|, -strongylus Zool. [strongyle], a sponge-spicule like a strongyle but sharp at each end; hence oxyˈstrongylous a., of the nature of an oxystrongyle. oxyˈtetract a. and n. Zool. [Gr. τετρα- four, ἀκτίς ray], (a sponge-spicule) having four acute rays. oxytylote |ɒkˈsɪtɪləʊt| Zool. [Gr. τύλος knob], a simple sponge-spicule sharp at one end and blunt at the other; hence oxytylotate |-ˈtɪləʊteɪt| a., having the character of an oxytylote.
1886R. von Lendenfeld Sponges in Proc. Zool. Soc. 561 *Oxyaster. With long, slender, pointed rays.
1878Bartley tr. Topinard's Anthrop. v. 176 *Oxycephalic, elevated skull. 1890H. Ellis Criminal iii. 50 There is a generally recognised tendency to the pointed (oxycephalic) or sugar-loaf form of head.
1895Forum (N.Y.) Sept. 36 Among these anomalies were..‘*oxicephaly’.
1888Sollas in Challenger Rep. XXV. p. lv, *Oxyclad (κλάδος, a young branch). The esactine is oxeate, the ecactine terminates in two or more secondary actines or ‘cladi’.
1657Tomlinson Renou's Disp. 195 Make an *oxydercical collyrie of such medicaments as cure caligation.
1886Lendenfeld (as above) 562 *Oxydiact. Four rays rudimentary, only two rays lying in one straight line remain.
[1706Phillips, *Oxygala, Sower Milk.] 1745tr. Columella's Husb. xii. viii, Make oxygal, or sour milk, after this manner.
1886Lendenfeld (as above) 562 *Oxyhexact. With six pointed rays, the ends of which form the corners of a double square pyramid. The rays represent the crystalline axes.
1886Lendenfeld (as above) 562 Hexaster. A star with six, generally equal rays:—a. *Oxyhexaster. Rays pointed. b. Discohexaster. Rays terminated by disks.
1878Bartley tr. Topinard's Anthrop. v. 177 A certain deformed skull found in Silesia is *oxyklinocephalic.
1846Smart, *Oxyo′py, preternaturally acute vision.
1886Lendenfeld (as above) 562 *Oxypentact. One ray rudimentary, representing the axes of a simple square pyramid.
1846Smart, *Ox′yphony, acuteness of voice.
1890Cent. Dict., *Oxyrhine.
1892Syd. Soc. Lex., *Oxyrrhinous.
1857Mayne Expos. Lex., Oxystomatus,..*oxystomatous.
1852Dana Crust. i. 62 The triangular mouth of the *Oxystomes.
1888Sollas (as above), *Oxystrongyle.—The esactine is oxeate and the ecactine strongylate...*Oxytylote...The esactine is oxeate, and the ecactine tylote.
1886Lendenfeld (as above) 562 *Oxytetract. Two rays rudimentary, representing the edges of a square pyramid.
2. Chemical words, in which oxy- is taken as the combining form of oxygen (cf. hydro- d); denoting either simply the presence of oxygen, as in oxyacid, oxysalt, † oxybase, or the addition of oxygen to the substance denoted by the simple word, and thus practically = oxygenated or oxidized. For special uses, see oxychloride, oxysulphate, and other main words. A looser use is seen in oxy-acetylene, oxy-alcohol (or oxy-spirit), oxy-coal-gas, oxy-house-gas, oxy-ether, oxy-fuel, oxy-gas, oxy-propane, terms applied attrib. (after oxyhydrogen, oxycalcium) to the flame produced by mixing acetylene, the vapour of a spirit lamp, ordinary house-gas, or sulphuric ether, etc. with oxygen; so oxy-alcohol blowpipe, oxy-alcohol lamp, etc.; oxy-helium, a mixture of oxygen and helium, used as a breathing mixture in deep-sea diving; oxy-paraffin a., applied to a paraffin lamp with arrangement for complete oxygenation of the flame.
But the most frequent use of oxy- is as a prefix to names of organic substances, to denote a derivative or related compound in which an atom of hydrogen is displaced by one of hydroxyl (HO); in which sense the more accurate hydroxy- is now often preferred: see oxyacid 2.
In earlier use often spelt oxi-; before a vowel sometimes reduced to ox-: see ox- 1.
The more important of the oxy- compounds are treated as main words; the oxy- or rather hydroxy- organic compounds are unlimited in number, including e.g. oxy- or hydroxyacetal (CH2(OH)CH(OC2H5)2); oxy-aldehyde (CH2(OH)CHO); oxy-anthracene (= anthraquinone); oxy-benzene or oxy-benzol (= phenol, C6H5OH); oxy-benzyl; oxy-camphor (C10H16O2); oxy-cannabin (C20H20N2O7); oxy-caproamine (= leucine); oxy-choline (= betaine); oxy-cinchonine (C19H22N2O2); oxy-cymene (= carvacrol, C10H13OH); oxy-dimorphine (C34H36N2O6); oxy-guanine; oxy-glycolyl-urea (= allanturic acid); oxy-lanthopine; oxy-methyl; oxy-methylene (= formic aldehyde); oxy-morphine (C7H19NO4); oxy-naphthylamine (or oxy-naphthylidine, C10H9NO), oxy-narcotine (C22H23NO8); oxy-neurine (= betaine); oxy-phenol (= pyrocatechin); oxy-phenyl (C6H4OH); oxy-quinine; oxy-quinoline (= carbostyril); oxy-strychnine (C21H28N2O6); oxy-sulphobenzide; oxy-thymoquinone (C10H12O3); oxy-toluene (= cresol, C7H8O); oxy-toluyl, etc.
Also in the names of oxy- or hydroxy-acids, as oxy-acetic (= glycollic); oxy-amygdalic; oxy-benzoic (C7H6O3); oxy-butyric (C4H8O3); oxy-caproic (= leucic); oxy-chelidonic (= meconic); oxy-cholic; oxy-cuminamic (NH2.C10H10O.OH); oxy-cuminic (C10H12O3); oxy-gummic (C4H10O11); oxy-hippuric (C9H9NO4); oxy-isouvitic (C9H8O6); oxy-lizaric acid (= purpurin); oxy-mandelic (= phenylglycollic); oxy-mesitylenic (C9H10O3); oxy-naphthoic (C10H6(OH)CO2H); oxy-phenic acid (= pyrocatechin); oxy-picric (= styphnic, C6H3N3O8); oxy-propionic (= lactic); oxy-salicylic (= gentisinic, C6H3(OH)2COOH); oxy-tannic; oxy-terephthalic (C8H12O3); oxy-tolic (C7H6O3); oxy-toluamic; oxy-toluic (= cresotic, C6H3(CH3)(OH)CO2H); oxy-trimesic; oxy-uric, etc.
1864–72Watts Dict. Chem. II. 909 Glycollic acid. C2H4O3..*Oxacetic acid. 1873― Fownes' Chem. (ed. 11) 681 Nitrous acid converts glycocine into glycollic or oxyacetic acid.
1909Westm. Gaz. 19 Jan. 4/2 A special weldless steel tubing brazed together by an *oxy-acetylene process. 1939L. Tibbenham Welding Cast Iron iii. 29 The temperature of an air-acetylene flame is about three-quarters that of oxy-acetylene. 1959Listener 8 Oct. 583/3 Before the days of oxy-acetylene. 1961C. Willock Death in Covert iii. 56 A desk which had been designed by a modern sculptor whose chosen tool was the oxy-acetylene welder's torch. 1975R. C. Jain tr. Castro & de Cadenet's Welding Metall. iii. 20 The oxy-acetylene process is being largely replaced by the electric-arc methods since it has a number of disadvantages in the welding of stainless steels.
1892Syd. Soc. Lex. s.v., *Oxyalcohol blowpipe..invented by Marcet, in which the flame of a spirit lamp is urged by a blowpipe transmitting oxygen.
1899J. Cagney tr. Jaksch's Clin. Diagn. vii. (ed. 4) 351 The aromatic oxy-acids which have been proved to exist in the urine are paroxy⁓phenyl acetic acid,..*oxyamygdalic acid.
1866–77Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 352 *Oxanthracene. C14H8O2..When anthracene is boiled for some days with nitric acid, a resin is formed which becomes granular on cooling, and..forms light reddish-yellow crystals of oxanthracene. 1892Morley & Muir Watts' Dict. III. 670 Di-oxy-anthracene C14H8(OH)2, Chrysazol.
1865Mansfield Salts 45 An *Oxybase bears to the general idea of a salt and to Oxygen a relation just the converse of that which a Hydrostyle bears to that idea and to Hydrogen. The term Oxybase includes the Alkalies, commonly so called.
1866Odling Anim. Chem. 121 Ampelic or *oxi-benzoic acid.
1873Watts Fownes' Chem. 616 Quartene or butene glycol is converted by slow oxidation with nitric acid into *oxybutyric acid. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. IV. 310 In diabetes..acetone and oxybutyric acid, are usually present with the sugar. 1882Nature XXVII. 118/2 By the action of boiling 60 per cent. nitric acid, cellulose is converted into an amorphous substance C18H26O16, oxy⁓cellulose.
1878Kingzett Anim. Chem. 99 By oxidation of a milder character..a white amorphous acid, termed *oxy⁓cholic, is produced.
1889Lockyer in Harper's Mag. Mar. 582/1 By means of the *oxy-coal-gas flame, we can determine the spectrum of any vapor given off.
1877Watts Fownes' Chem. (ed. 12) II. 490 Carvacrol *Oxycymene, or Cymenol, is..a thick oil.
1969New Scientist 8 May 284/2 The *oxy-fuel burner was then lit and the charge melted with the burner operating under reducing conditions.
1951E. G. West Welding Non-Ferrous Metals iii. 48 The *oxy-gas cutting of ferrous metals, except stainless steels, depends on the rapid oxidation of the iron by the oxygen stream. 1974Nature 4 Jan. 53/2 In this operation, in which oxy-gas torches have been used at the work face, temperatures are in the region of 3,000–3,500° C.
1873C. H. Ralfe Phys. Chem. 93 By oxidation with potassium permanganate, guanin is converted into urea, oxalic acid, and *oxy-guanin.
1966A. B. Cameron in P. Hepple Petroleum Supply & Demand 38 The use of *oxyhelium equipment now enables them [sc. divers] to remain as deep as 525 ft for periods up to 30 minutes. 1969Physics Bull. Feb. 51/2 There is a problem of speech communication between divers breathing oxy-helium and the men on the surface. 1976Offshore Engineer Apr. 23/1 Comex physiologists first described the High Pressure Nervous Syndrome (HPNS) during oxy-helium dives as long ago as 1968.
1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 407/2 If the oxy-spirit, *oxy-house-gas, or oxy⁓hydrogen jets, or the magnesium lamps..are to be used.
1866–77Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 313 *Oxymethyl-carbonic acid, a name applied by Kolbe..to glycollic acid.
1875Ibid. VII. 886 *Oxyneurine. This base..is identical with betaine from beet-juice.
1870Eng. Mech. 21 Jan. 453/2 *Oxy-paraffin oil lamps.
1857W. A. Miller Elem. Chem. III. 572 *Oxyphenic Acid or Pyrocatechin (C12H6O4) the formula of Oxyphenic differs from that of phenic acid by two equivalents of oxygen.
1963A. C. Davies Sci. & Pract. Welding (ed. 5) vi. 371 Iron and steel can be cut by the oxy-hydrogen, *oxy-propane, oxy-coal gas and oxy-acetylene cutting blow-pipes with ease, speed and a cleanness of cut. 1970Daily Tel. 24 Sept. 2/2 On the morning of the explosion two workmen were using oxy-propane cutting tools.
1873Watts Fownes' Chem. 683 Nitrous acid converts alanine into lactic or *oxypropionic acid. 1879*Oxy-spirit [see oxy-house-gas].
1866–77Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 321 *Oxytolic acid, C7H6O3. An acid, isomeric with salicylic and oxybenzoic acids... It is produced by the oxidation of toluene.
1873― Fownes' Chem. 704 Amylene glycol yields oxybutyric instead of *oxyvaleric acid. |