| 释义 |
ozone Chem.|ˈəʊzəʊn|
[a. F. ozone (1840), f. Gr. ὄζ-ειν to smell + -one.]
a. An allotropic or altered condition of oxygen, existing in a state of condensation (having three atoms to the molecule, O3), with a peculiarly pungent and refreshing odour.
It is produced in the electrolysis of water, and by the silent discharge of electricity or the passage of electric sparks through the air (whence it is sometimes perceived after a thunderstorm); it is more active than ordinary oxygen, is a powerful oxidizing agent, liberates iodine from potassium iodide, and, when heated, breaks up into ordinary oxygen, expanding by half its volume.
1840Schönbein in Rep. Brit. Assoc. (1841) 214, I shall..consider the odoriferous principle as an elementary body and call it ‘Ozone’, on account of its strong smell. Ibid. 217, I do not, therefore, hesitate to ascribe the familiar electrical odour to ozone. 1871M. Collins Mrq. & Merch. II. vii. 195 Exhilarated by the fresh ozone of the mountains. 1880E. Cleminshaw Wurtz' Atom. The. 119 Ozone is, as we all know, condensed oxygen.
b. fig.
1865Cornh. Mag. Apr. 450 The aristocratic ozone being absent from the atmosphere, there was a flatness about the dancing of all those who considered themselves above the plebeian ranks of the tradespeople. 1896Godey's Mag. Apr. 357/1 In the artistic ozone of that zealous body of workers her ambition received its first definite impulse.
c. attrib. and Comb., as ozone apparatus, ozone carrier, ozone generator, ozone machine, ozone season; ozone-bearing, ozone-infusing adjs.; ozone-box, -cage, a box containing ozone test papers, used to indicate the presence and relative amount of ozone in the air; ozone-hydrogen, Osann's term for hydrogen evolved by electrolysis from sulphurated water, said to have more active properties than ordinary hydrogen; ozone-sonde, a radiosonde for transmitting information on the ozone content of the atmosphere; also without hyphen as one word or two; ozone (test) paper (see quot.); ozone scale, a scale of tints with which to compare ozone papers after exposure; ozone-water, a solution of ozone in water.
1890Daily News 25 Jan. 5/7 The want..of *ozone-bearing south-westerly winds.
1861N. Syd. Soc. Year Bk. Med. 124 A new *Ozone-box and Test-slips.
1872C. B. Fox Ozone 20 A modification of Beane's *Ozone generator.
1866–77Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 323 *Ozone-hydrogen.
1864Kemp in Times 12 Oct., The discoloration of *ozone paper..did not at any time during the month reach the maximum observed here.
1960Monograph Internat. Geodetic & Geophysical Union No. 3, 20 During the IGY many successful balloon soundings with the *ozone-sonde were obtained. 1964Bull. Atomic Sci. Jan. 29 In the past two years there has been an increased emphasis on several aspects of antarctic meteorology{ddd}albedo programs, meteorological studies aboard the Eltanin, and the inclusion of vertical coverage through..ozonesondes, and gammasondes. 1969McIntosh & Thom Essent. Meteorol. vii. 111 One form of ozone sonde..is that devised by A. W. Brewer. Air is bubbled through a small electrolytic cell filled with neutral potassium iodide solution.
1874Chambers's Encycl. VII. 180/2 The effect..produced by the air on..*ozone-test papers—papers steeped in iodide of potassium..which are rendered brown (or blue) by the liberation of iodine—is..due to ozone.
1866–77Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 323 *Ozone-water, an aqueous solution of ozone, which, according to Meissner.., exhibits in certain cases an action opposed to that of peroxide of hydrogen.
Add:[c.] ozone-friendly a., not harmful to the ozone layer; spec. of products: not containing chemicals (as CFCs) which contribute to the destruction of the ozone layer (see *-friendly).
1988Daily Tel. 11 Jan. 10/8 Sprays labelled ‘*ozone friendly’, indicating that they do not contain chemicals which damage the earth's ozone layer. 1990Natural World Spring/Summer 4/1 Bookcases have been installed, filled with the right sort of ozone-friendly books.
ozone hole, a region of the stratospheric ozone layer in which the ozone concentration is substantially depleted.
1986Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 11 Nov. 6 (heading) The *ozone hole—an oddity or a threat to life on Earth? 1990Earth Matters Spring 9/1 Over 80 governments are already committed to phasing out CFCs by the year 2000... It is unlikely that the Antarctic ozone hole will be eliminated.
ozone layer = ozonosphere n., the layer of ozone in the earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation.
1927Proc. R. Soc. A. CXIV. 537 MM. Cabannes and Dufay..have estimated the height of the *ozone layer by making measurements of the intensity of sunlight with very low sun. 1987Observer 20 Sept. 53/7 CFCs have been under suspicion of damaging the ozone layer since the mid 1970s.
▸ ozone depleter n. any of various environmental pollutants which contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer in the earth's atmosphere.
1975Northwest Arkansas Times 11 Aug. 5/6 An atomic blast with its huge quantities of nitrogen oxide spewed into the air would be the biggest *ozone depleter. 2001J. H. Holloway in R. Catlow & S. Greenfield Cosmic Rays 93 Fluothane, CF3CHClBr, again a relative of the CFCs and an ozone depleter. |