| 释义 |
▪ I. palate, n. (a.)|ˈpælət|
Forms: 4–7 palat, palet, 5 palett, 6–7 pallate, 7 pallat, pallet, 5– palate.
[ad. L. palātum palate. See also the obs. palace n.2 a. F. palais.]
1. The roof of the mouth (in man and vertebrates generally); the structures, partly bony and partly fleshy (see b), which separate the cavity of the mouth from that of the nose.
1382Wyclif Lam. iv. 4 Cleuede to the tonge of the soukende to his palet in thrist [ad palatum eius in siti]. 1450–1530Myrr. our Ladye 249 The anguysshe of harte dryed so the tongue & palate of the vyrgyn. 1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 24 b/2 The pallate or Vvula of the mouth. 1668Wilkins Real Char. iii. xii. 367 (Ng) is framed by an appulse of the Root of the Tongue towards the inner part of the Palat. a1756E. Haywood New Present (1771) 167 To fricasey Ox Palates. c1817Hogg Tales & Sk. V. 112 My tongue and palate became dry and speechless. 1844Key Alphabet, etc. 25 M, n, ng..sounds depending partly upon the nose, and partly upon the lips, teeth, and palate, respectively.
b. bony palate or hard palate: the anterior and chief part of the palate, consisting of bone covered with thick mucous membrane. soft palate: the posterior part of the palate, a pendulous fold of musculo-membranous tissue separating the mouth-cavity from the pharynx, and terminating below in the uvula; also called veil of the palate. cleft palate: see cleft ppl. a. b.
1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VI. 161 In the bony palate of fish..all powers of distinguishing are utterly taken away. 1811Hooper Med. Dict., Palatum molle, the soft palate. This lies behind the bony palate. 1890Sweet Prim. Phonetics 8 The roof of the mouth consists of two parts, the ‘soft’ and the ‘hard’ palate.
†c. falling down of the palate, the palate down, etc.: ‘a term for a relaxed uvula’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
1618Fletcher Loyal Subj. iii. ii, Your Pallat's downe Sir. 1664Pepys Diary 23 Sept., My cold and pain in my head increasing, and the palate of my mouth falling, I was in great pain. 1684A. Littleton Lat. Dict., Columella, the swelling of the uvula, or falling down of the palate of the mouth. 1687–8G. Miege Gt. Fr. Dict. s.v. Luette, The palate of the mouth down, la luette abattue.
2. Popularly considered as the seat of taste; hence transf. the sense of taste.
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 87 b, Breed to a sore mouth is sharpe & harde, whiche to a hole palate is swete & pleasaunt. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. iv. i. 96 Let their pallats Be season'd with such Viands. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. iii. xiii. 184 As soon may the same meat please all palats. 1712Addison Spect. No. 409 ⁋2 Every different Flavour that affects the Palate. 1823J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 16 Meats that require salt,..according to the palate of the consumers. 1885Bible (R.V.) Job xii. 11 Even as the palate tasteth its meat.
b. fig. Mental taste or liking.
1435Misyn Fire of Love 90 Þa haue..þe palate of þe hart filyd with feuyr of wykkyd lufe, qwarfor þai may not fele swetnes of heuenly Ioy. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. i. iii. 338 Heere the Troyans taste our deer'st repute With their fin'st Pallate. 1644Milton Areop. (Arb.) 39 Any subject that was not to their palat, they..condemn'd. 1742Young Nt. Th. ix. 2067 Thou, to whose Palate Glory is so sweet. 1876Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. vi. xlvi, I heard a little too much preaching,..and lost my palate for it.
3. Bot. A convex projection of the lower lip closing the throat of the corolla of a personate flower, as the snapdragon.
This curious use goes back to early botanists, e.g. Tournefort, Dillenius, Linnæus. It may have arisen from taking palātum in the wider sense of Germ. gaumen, Sw. gom, OHG. goumo, ‘interior of the mouth, palate, throat, jaws’.
[1732Dillenius Hort. Eltham. 200 Labium..inferius tripartitum cuius palatum grandiuscula productio.. occupat.] 1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. iii. xxii. (1765) 228 Palatum, the Palate, is a Gibbosity or bunching out in the Faux of the Corolla. 1880Gray Struct. Bot. 248 A bilabiate corolla is..Personate, or masked, when the throat is closed, more or less, by a projection of the lower lip called the Palate.
4. Entom. The epipharynx of an insect, a fleshy lobe beneath the labrum.
1867J. Hogg Microsc. i. iii. 220 Entomological specimens such as..tongues, palates, corneae, etc. show best in balsam.
5. attrib. and Comb., as palate-bone, palate-myograph, palate-plate, palate-pleaser, palate-pleasure; palate-biting, palate-pleasing, etc., adjs.; † palate-man, a man given to the pleasures of the palate, an epicure (so palate people.)
1812W. Tennant Anster F. ii. viii, Some bring..From Flushing's port, the *palate-biting gin.
1727–41Monro Anat. (ed. 3) 138 Each *palate-bone may..be divided into four Parts. 1876Clin. Soc. Trans. IX. 124 The horizontal plate of the palate-bone.
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 207 The commonness of *palate-defect..appears to be largely due to its correlation with some degree of brain-deficiency.
a1661Fuller Worthies, Bucks. i. (1662) 128 Whether these tame be as good as wild-pheasants, I leave to *Pallate men to decide.
1890J. S. Billings Nat. Med. Dict. II. 277 *Palate-myograph, an instrument for recording graphically the motions of the soft palate in speaking.
a1661Fuller Worthies, Cornwall (1662) 194 Our *Palate-people are much pleased therewith [garlic].
1782Monro Anat. 102 The *palate-plate is cribriform about the middle.
1620Venner Via Recta iii. 52, I will here aduertise all *pallat-pleasers, that they shall sooner surfet..with pork, then with any other flesh.
1611Cotgr., Suave,..sweet,..*palate-pleasing, delicious. 1657G. Starkey Helmont's Vind. To Rdr., Ridiculous (barely palat-pleasing) toyes.
1638T. Whitaker Blood of Grape 48, I speake not phantastically, or from any *palate-pleasure.
1800Lamb Lett. (1886) I. 286 The..*palate-soothing flesh of geese.
†B. adj. Pleasant to the palate or taste; palatable. Obs. rare.
1617Hieron Wks. (1619–20) II. 210 The most perfit and palate wine (they say) doth make the quickest vinegar.
▪ II. palate, v. rare.|ˈpælət|
[f. prec. n.]
1. trans. To perceive or try with the palate, to taste; to gratify the palate with, to enjoy the taste of, relish. Also fig.
1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. iv. i. 59 You..that defend her, Not pallating the taste of her dishonour. 1739R. Bull tr. Dedekindus' Grobianus 32 What fairest seems and best, when palated, offends th' unwary Guest. 1760C. Johnston Chrysal (1822) II. 299 ‘This wine?’ answered my master, palating it two or three times. 1844Tupper Twins xxix. 213 The proud, unsullied family of Stuart, could not palate it at all. 1860Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. ix. v. §5. 247 Nothing was to be fed upon as bread, but only palated as a dainty.
†2. To make palatable, to season. Obs.
1610W. Folkingham Art of Survey Ep. Ded. 2 Labouring, with invulgar Ingredients, to palate an ill seasoned Seruice. 1845[see blanc 2].
▪ III. palate
obs. or erron. form of pallet. |