| 释义 |
pandour, pandoor|ˈpændʊə(r)|
Also pandur.
[= F. pandour, Ger. pandur; all a. Serbo-croatian pàndūr, ‘a constable, bailiff, beadle, summoner, or catchpole; a mounted policeman or guardian of the public peace; a watcher of fields and vineyards’, having also in earlier times the duty of guarding the frontier districts from the inroads of the Turks. For ulterior etymology see Note below. The sense in which the word became known in Western Europe is involved in the history of Trenck's body of pandours.]
1. In pl. The name borne by a local force organized in 1741 by Baron Trenck on his own estates in Croatia to clear the country near the Turkish frontier of bands of robbers; subsequently enrolled as a regiment in the Austrian Army, where, under Trenck, their rapacity and brutality caused them to be dreaded over Germany, and made Pandour synonymous in Western Europe with ‘brutal Croatian soldier’.
1747(title) Memoirs of the Life of Francis Baron Trenck..Colonel of a body of Pandours and Sclavonian Hussars. Ibid. 15, I set out with a retinue of twenty pandour-tenants of mine. Ibid. 16 My haram-bascha or captain of pandours. 1754Richardson Grandison (1781) II. iv. 51, I beheld six Pandours issue from that inner part of the wood. 1791Hampson Mem. J. Wesley III. 124 His style might have better suited a colonel of pandours than a christian bishop. 1799Campbell Pleas. Hope i. 352 When leagued Oppression pour'd to Northern wars Her whisker'd pandoors and her fierce hussars. 1843Penny Cycl. XXV. 185/2 On Maria Theresa's succession to the throne, Trenck offered his own and the services of his men, his regiment of Pandours, as he called them, to the young empress.
fig.1768Foote Devil on 2 Sticks 11, The hussars and pandours of physic..rarely attack a patient together.
‖2. In local use, in Croatia, Serbia, Hungary, etc.: A guard; an armed servant or retainer; a member of the local mounted constabulary.
1880Sat. Rev. 7 Feb. 178/2 A small body of guards, called pandours, is, by immemorial usage, attached to the establishment [the monastery of St. John of Rylo]. 1886W. J. Tucker E. Europe 155 The ‘pandurs’ came to fetch him, and..dragged him before the commission. Ibid. 169 These Pandurs, your police, your mounted constabulary, or whatever you call them, are they of no use?
[Note. The word ˈpandūr, with all or some of the senses mentioned above, is found in nearly all the South-Slavonic (Serbian) dialects, and in Magyar, also as panˈdur in Romanian; it has entered Turkish as panˈdul. Earlier forms in Magyar and Serbo-croatian were bàndūr, bàndor; the former is still used in and near Ragusa. The word is not native either in Magyar or Slavonic, and the question of its origin and course of diffusion in these langs. is involved in considerable obscurity. But Slavonic scholars are now generally agreed in referring it through the earlier bàndūr, bàndor, to med.L. banderius, orig. ‘a follower of a standard or banner’ (see banner), or to some Italian or Venetian word akin to this. Among senses evidenced by Du Cange for banderius (and bannerius), are those of ‘guard of cornfields and vineyards’, also ‘summoner, apparitor’, which are both senses of pàndūr; It. banditore (Venetian bandiore) has also the sense of ‘summoner’. The alleged derivation of the word from Pandur or Pandur Puszta, ‘a village in Lower Hungary’, given in Ersch & Grüber's Cyclopædia, and repeated in many English Dictionaries, is absolutely baseless.] |