| 释义 |
▪ I. paradise, n.|ˈpærədaɪs|
Forms: α. 2–4 paradis, (4 -dijs, -diȝs), 4–8 -ice, (5 peradis, paradies, -yss, 5–6 -yce, 6 -ize), 5– paradise. β. 2–5 parais, 3 paraise, 3–4 parays.
[Early ME. a. F. paradis (also in early semi-popular form paraïs, pareïs), ad. L. paradīs-us, a. Gr. παράδεισος, a. OPers. pairidaēza enclosure, park, f. pairi around + diz to mould, form; whence also Armenian pardez, late Heb. pardēs (Neh. ii. 8 the park of the Persian king, also Eccl. ii. 5); in mod.Pers. and Ar. firdaus garden, paradise.
Used in Gr. (first by Xenophon) for a (Persian) enclosed park, orchard, or pleasure ground; by the LXX for the garden of Eden, and in N.T. and Christian writers for the abode of the blessed, which is the earliest sense recorded in Eng. The OE. equivalent was neorxna wang; cf. Hexam. St. Basil 16 Paradisum ðæt we hataþ on Englisc neorxna wang; called also, Phœnix 418, se halᵹa wong (wong land, territory, surface of the ground).]
1. a. The garden of Eden. Also called earthly († terrenal, terrene, terrestre) paradise, to distinguish it from the heavenly paradise.
αa1175Cott. Hom. 221 God þa hine brohte into paradis. c1175Lamb. Hom. 129 Heo weren ipult ut of paradise. c1250Gen. & Ex. 291 He saȝ in paradis Adam and eue in mike[l] pris. 13..K. Alis. 5685 Paradys terrene is righth in the Est. 1340Ayenb. 50 Ase he did to euen and to Adam in paradys terestre. c1400Destr. Troy 5496 Evfraton & þe flode Tyger..passyn out of peradis þurghe the playn Rewme. 1481Caxton Reynard xxxii. (Arb.) 83 Bytwene the grete Inde & erthly paradyse. 1588Parke tr. Mendoza's Hist. China 397 The riuer Ganges, one of the foure that comme foorth of paradice terrenall. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 132 He..to the border comes Of Eden, where delicious Paradise..Crowns with her enclosure green..the champain head Of a steep wilderness. 1885Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 236/2 The earthly paradise, as developed by Christian fancy, is the old garden of Eden, which lay in the far East beyond the stream of Ocean, raised so high on a triple terrace of mountain that the deluge did not touch it.
βc1175Lamb. Hom. 129 Þet wes eorðliche parais. a1225Ancr. R. 66 Eue heold ine parais longe tale mid te neddre. 13..in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 230 Þe ȝates of parais Þoruth eue weren iloken.
b. Hence in names of plants and animals: apples of paradise, the fruit of the plantain, Musa paradisiaca; bird of paradise, see bird n. 7; grains of paradise, see grain n. 4.
1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. i. xvi. 17 b, Apples of paradice, which they call muses.
c. ellipt. The plumage of a bird of paradise (cf. bird n. 7).
1905E. Wharton House of Mirth ii. x. 446 Mrs. Trenor's hat? The one with the green Paradise? 1928Daily Express 24 May 5/3 The same firm was responsible for wonderful curls of shaded paradise,..toning from dark to palest beige tones.
2. a. Heaven, the abode of God and his angels and the final abode of the righteous. (Now chiefly poetic.)
α [c1000Ags. Gosp. Luke xxiii. 43 To-dæᵹ þu bist mid me on paradiso [Hatton on paradise; Gr. ὲν τῶ παραδείσῳ, Vulg. in paradiso; Wyclif in paradys, Tind. in paradise]. ]c1205Lay. 24122 Þat he..ȝefen heom his paradis, þæt heo mosten bruken blisse mid ænglen. a1240Ureisun in Cott. Hom. 191 I-brouht of helle in-to paradise. 1340Ayenb. 14 Þet lif wyþ-oute ende þet is þe blisse of paradis. 1484Caxton Fables of æsop v, I haue dremed that the Angels had led one of yow in to paradys or heuen. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lxxvi. 4 A fre chois gevin to Paradice or Hell. 1587Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1352/1 If he vouchsafe to call you into paradise, how blessed shall you be. 1635A. Stafford Fem. Glory cxxii. (1869) 122 You..shall at length arrive at the Celestiall Paradice. 1858–60J. Gardner Faiths of World II. 11 The Jewish Rabbis teach that there is an upper and a lower paradise or heaven. 1862F. W. Faber Hymn, O Paradise, O Paradise..Where loyal hearts and true, Stand ever in the light..In God's most holy sight.
βc1175Lamb. Hom. 61 To bon in heuene fuliwis. In touþe[?] sete of parais. a1225St. Marher. 13 Paraises ȝeten aren ȝarewe iopenet þe nu. a1300Floriz & Bl. 76 Him þuȝte he was in parais. c1325Song Virg. 33 in O.E. Misc. 195 Leuedi quene of parays.
b. The Muslim heaven or elysium.
c1400Mandeville (1839) xii. 132 Ȝif a Man aske them [Saracens], what Paradys thei menen; thei seyn, to Paradys, that is a place of Delytes, where men schulle fynde alle maner of Frutes, in alle Cesouns [etc.]. 1702Rowe Tamerl. iv. i. 1766 Prophet, take notice I disclaim thy Paradice. 1813Byron Giaour 489 note, The Koran allots at least a third of Paradise to well-behaved women. 1816― Siege Cor. 255 Secure in paradise to be By Houris loved immortally. 1841Lane Arab. Nts. I. 20 Some assert Paradise to be in the seventh heaven, and, indeed, I have found this to be the general opinion of my Muslim friends.
c. By some theologians, the word as used in Luke xxiii. 43 is taken to denote an intermediate place or state where the departed souls of the righteous await resurrection and the last judgement. Cf. ‘Abraham's bosom’, Luke xvi. 23.
a1690G. Bull Serm. Acts i. 25, Wks. 1846 I. 55 Then..he [St. Paul] saw also the intermediate joys of paradise, wherewith the souls of the faithful are refreshed until the resurrection. Ibid. 59. 1703 D. Whitby Paraphr. N.T. Luke xxiii. 43. 1713 A. Campbell Doctr. Mid. State (1721) 53. 1739–56 Doddridge Fam. Expositor (1761) IV. 523 He was also caught up into Paradise, that Garden of God, which is the Seat of happy Spirits in the intermediate State, and during their Separation from the Body. 1776Wesley Let. to Miss Bishop 17 Apr., In Paradise, in the intermediate state between death and the resurrection. a1806Horsley Serm. (1811) 395 Paradise was certainly some place where our Lord was to be on the very day on which he suffered, and where the companion of his sufferings was to be with him. It was not heaven. 1835J. H. Newman Par. Serm. (1837) III. xxv. 412 Paradise is not the same as Heaven, but a resting-place at the foot of it. 1885Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) 518 The Limbus Patrum is the Paradise of Luc. xxiii. 43, so called because it was a place of rest and joy, though the joy was imperfect.
3. a. A place like or compared to Paradise; a region of surpassing beauty or delight, or of supreme bliss.
c1300St. Brandan 147 That is Foweles Parays, a wel joyful place. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 379 Fful blisfully in prison maistow dure. In prison? certes nay but in Paradys. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 215 No man schulde be i-chose pope but he were of þe paradys of Italy i-bore. 1553Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 15 A man woulde thinke it were a very Paradyse of pleasure. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. xii. 58 There the most daintie Paradise [the Bowre of Blisse] on ground It selfe doth offer to his sober eye. 1607Norden Surv. Dial. v. 230, I was once in Somersetshire, about a place neere Tanton, called Tandeane... You speake of the Paradice of England. 1617[see hell 10]. 1745P. Thomas Jrnl. Anson's Voy. 297 Among their Buildings are many which..appear..perfect Paradises. 1814P. Hawker Diary (1893) I. 123 These gardens are the most perfect paradise I ever saw. 1891E. Kinglake Australian at H. 136 [Australia] is a rather overdone Paradise of the working man.
b. fig. A state of supreme bliss or felicity. See also fool's paradise.
c1386Chaucer Merch. T. 21 Wedlok is so esy and so clene That in this world it is a Paradys. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VII 6 This poore priest brought into this foolishe paradice through his awne fantasticall ymaginacion. 1742Gray Eton 98 Thought would destroy their paradise. 1813M. Edgeworth Patron. (1833) II. xxviii. 211 As she seemed entering the paradise of love and hope. 1897‘Ouida’ Massarenes xl, I shall deny him the paradise of your embrace. 1902A. M. Fairbairn Philos. Chr. Relig. i. ii. 79 Comfort..seems to many Englishmen the only real paradise.
c. Assoc. Football. (With capital initial.) A name given to Celtic Park, Glasgow, the home ground of the Celtic Football Club.
1946C. A. Oakley Second City iii. 168 Celtic Park..seemed so palatial, in odd comparison with an adjacent graveyard, that it was described as the ‘Paradise’. 1958C. Tully Passed to You xxii. 92 One of the best things about being at Paradise is that you're pretty certain to move in good company... You'll go a long way before you meet a better bunch than the Tims of Parkhead.
4. a. An Oriental park or pleasure-ground, esp. one enclosing wild beasts for the chase. b. Hence sometimes applied to an English park in which foreign animals are kept.
1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 75 Betweene Orpha and Caramit, was the Paradise of Aladeules, where he had a fortress destroyed by Selim. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. ii. ii. iv. (1651) 269 A Persian Paradise, or pleasant park, could not be more delectable in his sight. 1775R. Chandler Trav. Asia M. (1825) I. 296 He had moreover an extensive paradise or park, full of wild beasts. 1865Rawlinson Anc. Mon. III. i. 34 Semiramis built a palace, and laid out a paradise. 1900Daily News 3 Aug. 5/1 A ‘paradise’ is the technical term for a preserve in which attempts are made with more or less success to acclimatize foreign birds and animals. The three most successful paradises in England are Haggerstone Castle, near Beale; Leonardslee, in Sussex; and Woburn Abbey.
†5. A pleasure-garden in general; spec. the garden of a convent. Obs.
Hence sometimes surviving in the street nomenclature of old cities or towns; e.g. ‘Paradise Square’, Oxford.
[1374–5Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 180 In reparacione muri circa paradis’.] 1610Holland Camden's Brit., Irel. ii. 111 Minding to replant it like unto a certaine garden or Paradise. 1662Evelyn Diary 9 June, [At Hampton Court] There is a parterre which they call Paradise, in which is a very pretty banquetting-house set over a cave or cellar. 1686Ibid. 4 Aug., Signior Verrio..now settled in his Majesty's garden at St. James's, which he had made a very delicious Paradise. 1875Parker Gloss. Archit. (ed. 4), Paradise,..also the garden of a convent: the name seems originally to have been given to the open court, or area, in front of the old church of St. Peter's at Rome.
†6. Sometimes given (perh. orig. in jest) as a distinctive name to a particular apartment. Obs.
1485Rolls of Parlt. VI. 372/2 The Keping of the Houses called Paradyse and Hell, within the Hall of Westminster,..and also the Keping of the Purgatory within the said Hall, whiche Nicholas Whytfeld late had and occupied. 1538Leland Itin. (1710) I. 39, I saw in a litle studiyng Chaumber ther caullid Paradice the Genealogie of the Percys. Ibid. 46.
7. slang. The gallery of a theatre, where the ‘gods’ are. Cf. F. paradis. (Slang Dict. 1873.)
8. attrib. and Comb., as paradise body, paradise garden, paradise weather, etc., also paradise-like adj.; paradise apple, (a) a variety of apple: cf. paradise-stock; (b) the Forbidden Fruit or Pomello; † paradise-bird = bird-of-paradise: see bird n. 7; paradise crane, the blue or Stanley crane, Anthropoides paradisea, found in South Africa and distinguished by a cluster of very long, black tail feathers; paradise-duck, a species of sheldrake (Casarca variegata) found in New Zealand; paradise-fish, (a) see quot. 1858; (b) a brilliantly coloured East Indian fish (Macropodus viridiauratus) sometimes kept in aquariums; paradise-flycatcher, a bird of the genus Terpsiphone, remarkable for the length of its middle tail-feathers; † paradise-grain = grain of Paradise: see grain n. 4; paradise-grosbeak, an African species of grosbeak (Loxia erythrocephala), grey and white, with red head and chin, often kept as a cage-bird; paradise stock, a hardy slow-growing apple-tree used as a stock by nurserymen for dwarfing other varieties; paradise-tree, a small West Indian tree, Simaruba glauca.
1676Worlidge Cider 159 The *Paradice-Apple is a curious Fruit, produced by grafting a Permain on a Quince. 1699Evelyn Kal. Hort. Nov. (ed. 9) 131 Stocks of the Paradise or sweet Apple-kernel. 1834Penny Cycl. II. 191/2 The stocks..are the wild crab, the doucin or English paradise, and the French paradise apple. 1857Mayne Expos. Lex., Paradise Apple, common name for the fruit of the Citrus Paradisi.
1617K. Throgmorton in St. Papers Col. (1870) 50 [Sends presents, including] a *paradise bird’. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. VIII. Index Ff i b, Paradise-bird..an inhabitant of the Molucca islands.
1690Baxter Kingd. Christ i. (1691) 10 Some think that the [resurrection body] ..is to be a *Paradise body, like Adams before he sinned.
1906Daily Chron. 8 May 7/4 His consignment..included..three *paradise cranes, five wolves and seven baboons. 1958E. T. Gilliard Living Birds of World 146/1 Other species [of crane] are named for their ornamental plumage, coloration, wattles or geographical ranges—as, for example..the Paradise or Stanley Crane..of southern Africa; and the Crowned Crane.
1845E. J. Wakefield Adv. N. Zealand iii. 57 The *paradise duck..is nearly as large as a goose, and of beautiful plumage. 1882Pall Mall G. 29 June 4/2 He is pretty sure of a good bag of pigeons, with as many paradise ducks as he cares to carry.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, *Paradise-fish, a species of Polynemus, which is esteemed excellent food in India. 1885C. F. Holder Marvels Anim. Life 18 In Siam there is found a fish..known to science as the Macropodus or paradise-fish, on account of its curiously-shaped fins.
1893Newton Dict. Birds 275 One of the most remarkable groups of Muscicapidæ is that known as the *Paradise Flycatchers,..the males are distinguished by the growth of exceedingly long feathers in their tail.
1910O. Lindemann tr. Delius's Village Romeo & Juliet 178, I know another place not very far from here where we'll be quite unknown. 'Tis the *Paradise Garden. Ibid. 192 Der Paradiesgarten... The Paradisegarden. 1972Country Life 23 Mar. 682/3 It has been suggested that such places as this, in which an attempt is made to bring together plants from all parts of the world, should be known as paradise gardens. 1977A. Wilson Strange Ride R. Kipling iv. 221 The Woolsack [sc. their South African house] was a delight to the whole Kipling family... For the children..it was clearly a Paradise garden.
1705W. Bosman Guinea xvi. (1721) 285 Malagueta, otherwise called *Paradice-Grains, or Guinea Pepper.
1663Gerbier Counsel c vj, Your Lordships *Paradise-like Garden at Neewnem.
1706London & Wise Retir'd Gard'ner I. i. xvii. 82 An Apple upon a *Paradise Stock. 1834Penny Cycl. II. 191/2 The doucin or English paradise stock, which is what the English nurserymen usually sell as the paradise stock, is intermediate in its effect between the crab and the French paradise.
1875W. Cory Lett. & Jrnls. (1897) 381 Last week was a marvel of *paradise weather.
▪ II. paradise, v.|ˈpærədaɪs|
[f. prec. n.]
trans. a. To make into Paradise. b. To place in Paradise, to imparadise; to make supremely blessed or beautiful. Hence ˈparadised ppl. a.
1592G. Harvey Pierce's Super. in Archaica (1815) II. 173 Your Vertical Star that..paradiseth the earth with the ambrosial dews of his incomprehensible wit. 1594Nashe Unfort. Trav. Wks. (Grosart) V. 60 If there bee anie sparke of Adams paradized perfection yet emberd vp in the breastes of mortall men. 1610R. Jones Muses' Gard. Delights xii, One houre of Paradised joye Makes Purgatorie seeme a toye. 1843E. Jones Sens. & Event 56 All paradised bright stars did roll. |