| 释义 |
paralogism|pəˈrælədʒɪz(ə)m|
[a. F. paralogisme (1556 in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. late L. paralogismus (Boethius), a. Gr. παραλογισµός, f. παραλογίζ-εσθαι to reason falsely: see paralogize and -ism.]
A piece of false or erroneous reasoning; an illogical argument; a faulty syllogism; a fallacy, esp. (as distinct from sophism) one of which the reasoner himself is unconscious.
1565J. Calfhill Answ. Treat. Cross (Parker Soc.) 4 Three kinds of paralogisms of false arguments, or fond cavils, are most familiar with you. 1641‘Smectymnuus’ Answ. xviii. (1653) 81 It is evident that this argument is a Paralogisme, depending upon the Equivocation of the name Bishop. 1697tr. Burgersdicius' Logic ii. viii. 33 That the more easily true Syllogisms may be discern'd from Paralogisms, some Laws are to be observ'd. 1752Hume Pol. Disc. x. 259 He is here guilty of a gross paralogism. 1877E. Caird Philos. Kant ii. xv. 541 The syllogisms of Rational Psychology are therefore paralogisms, in which the middle term is taken in two different senses.
b. Without a and pl.: False or erroneous reasoning; illogical argument. rare.
1691–8Norris Pract. Disc. (1711) III. 172 Their whole life..runs all along upon wrong principles and mistaken reasonings, and is all over Fallacy and Paralogism. 1715Cheyne Philos. Princ. Relig. ii. 44 We shall run into Confusion and Paralogism. 1884Sat. Rev. 5 July 11/1 A dabbler in paralogism and fallacy.
So paˈralogist, one who commits a paralogism, a false reasoner; paraloˈgistic a. [see -istic], of the nature of a paralogism, fallacious.
1624F. White Repl. Fisher 47 You haue played the Paralogist. 1677Gale Crt. Gentiles II. iii. 92 Pagan Philosophie was not truely Logistic or discursive, but rather paralogistic and sophistic. 1757E. Griffith Lett. Henry & Frances (1767) IV. 38, I really think you equal, in this way, to Sir Marmaduke Wyvill, who they say was the best Paralogist, in the World. 1879W. G. Ward Ess. Philos. Theism (1884) I. 357 We made no appeal even to Theism: which it would..have been grossly paralogistic to do, since we are maintaining Freewill as a premise towards the establishment of Theism. |