| 释义 |
▪ I. parch, v.|pɑːtʃ|
Forms: 5–6 perch, parche, 6 partch(e, 7 pearch, 6– parch.
[Evidenced since c 1400; origin unknown. See note below.]
1. trans. To dry by exposure to great heat; to roast or toast slightly (corn, pease, and the like); ‘to burn slightly and superficially’ (J.). (The subject is usually a person.)
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. cxxxi. (Bodl. MS.) lf. 223 b/1 Saresines put peper into an Ouen whan is new igadered and percheth & rosteþ it so & benemeþ þe vertu of burginge & of springinge. c1440Promp. Parv. 382/2 Paarche pecyn, or benys, frigo. 1530Palsgr. 652/2, I parche pesyn, as folkes use in lent. 1551Turner Herbal i. H vj b, Chestnuts..if they be perched, or dryed. 1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. ii. (1882) 37 To make the sooles stiffe, and harde, they must be parched before the fire. 1601Holland Pliny xviii. vii, After they haue pearched them all well, they blend them together and grind them in a quern. 1693Sir T. P. Blount Nat. Hist. 115 The Goodness of Coffee chiefly consists in an exact way of Parching and managing the Berries. 1853A. Soyer Pantroph. 41 Dry, near the fire or in the oven,..barley flour, then parch it. 1900Daily News 4 May 5/4 Parching the oats, as is done in some parts of Scotland.
2. To dry to extremity, to make hot and dry; to ‘scorch’: said esp. of the action of the sun's heat, or of fever or thirst.
1555W. Watreman Fardle Facions i. ii. 30 The earth beyng more parched by the heate of the sonne,..ceased to bring furthe any mo greate beastes. 1573–80Baret Alv. P 97 The feuer parcheth him. Ibid. P 98 Thirst parcheth them. 1697Dryden Virg. Past. vii. 79 Parch'd are the Plains, and frying is the Field. 1707Curios. in Husb. & Gard. 126 To hinder the..extream Heats of Summer from parching them up. 1875W. S. Hayward Love agst. World 95, I am parched with thirst.
b. transf. To dry, shrivel, or wither with cold.
1573–80Baret Alv. P 95 Parcheth, adurit Solis calor, adurit etiam frigus. Ibid. P 98 They suffer themselues to be bitten, or parched in the cold hilles, pernoctant venatores in niue, in montibus vri se patiuntur. 1667Milton P.L. ii. 594 The parching Air Burns frore, and cold performs th' effect of fire. 1793Southey Triumph of Woman 6 Who..felt the storm Of the bleak winter parch his shivering form. 1888Swinburne in 19th Cent. XXIII. 320 The live woods feel not the frost's flame parch.
3. intr. To become very dry and hot; to shrivel up with heat.
1530Palsgr. 653/2, I partche by heate of the sonne, or the fyre, je me retire. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. i. iii. 370 We were better parch in Affricke Sunne. 1756P. Browne Jamaica 162 New coffee will never parch or mix well. 1825Cobbett Rur. Rides 16 The grass never parches upon these downs. 1877Black Green Past. xx. (1878) 160 He would sooner parch with thirst. [Note. Koch suggested the identity of parch with OF. perchier, parchier, now percher, Picard form of F. percer to pierce. Phonologically this would be possible, but the difficulties involved in respect of the chronology and sense seem insuperable, esp. when the history of pierce is compared. A more plausible conjecture would see in it a repr. of L. persiccāre to dry thoroughly; cf. obs. F. parseicher (Godef.); but here also the historical and other difficulties appear to be too great.]
Add:[2.] [a.] Also in pass., to have an extreme thirst (for); to long for on account of thirst. (Further examples.)
1946E. O'Neill Touch of Poet (1957) ii. 66 You must be parched after walking from the road to Simon's cabin. 1980B. Bainbridge Winter Garden vii. 42 ‘Shall I go after them?’ he asked, peering in the direction of the vanished waiters. He was parched for a cup of tea.
▪ II. parch, n.1
[f. prec. vb.]
1. The action of parching or the condition of being parched. rare.
1874Mrs. Whitney We Girls xi. 232 The summer had not gone..only the parch and the blaze were over. 1900S. Phillips Paolo & Franc. ii. ii, I love not, I, the long road and the march, With the chink, chink, chinking, and the parch.
2. attrib., as parch mark Archæol., a localized discoloration of the ground in dry weather over buried remains.
1947Antiquity XXI. 82 The crop's growth had not improved matters, and curiously enough there did not seem to be any ‘parch-marks’. 1977Times 19 Sept. 3/2 The latest discovery emerged partly through last summer's drought. Parch marks on the ground disclosed regular lines of Roman trench work.
▪ III. ‖ parch, n.2 rare.|pɑːx|
[W. parch reverence, parchedig reverend.]
In Wales: a clergyman.
1944Dylan Thomas Let. 21 Sept. (1966) 267 Hearing rise slimy from the Welsh lechered Caves the cries of parchs and their flocks. 1953― Under Milk Wood (1954) 20 A beer-tent black with parchs. |