| 释义 |
▪ I. pardon, n.1|ˈpɑːd(ə)n|
Forms: 3–4 perdun, pardun, 3– pardon; also 4 perdune, 4–5 per-, pardone, 4–6 perdon; per-, pardoun, -e, 5 pardown, -e.
[ME. a. OF. perdun, pardun, pardon = Pr. perdo, Cat. perdó, Sp. perdon, Pg. perdão, It. perdono, med.L. perdōnum, f. pardonner, late L. perdōnāre (see next), assimilated in form to dōnum gift.]
gen. The act of pardoning or fact of being pardoned; forgiveness.
†1.
a. Remission of something due, as a payment of any kind, a debt, tax, fine, or penalty. Obs.
1390Gower Conf. I. 115 Thei..His grace scholden go to seche And pardoun of the deth beseche. 1444Rolls of Parlt. V. 121/2 To rere the peyne or peynes of him or of hem so forfeted,..withouten eny pardon. 1449Ibid. 146/2 If eny suche persone..accept or take eny pardon of you, of the said Subsidie. 1461Ibid. 492/1 Grauntes, Relefis, amenisshingez and pardons of Feefermes. 1536Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 42 §4 His mooste gracious pardonne and releasce of the said firste frutes and tenthe.
b. Remission of sentence, granting of mercy, sparing. (So in F.) Obs. rare.
1555W. Watreman Fardle Facions ii. viii. 176 Withoute pardon, they kille him, and make a feaste with him.
2. a. The passing over of an offence without punishment; the overlooking of an offence and treatment of the offender as if it had not been committed; forgiveness (but often more formal than this, and coloured by sense 4).
a1300Cursor M. 1168, I am ouertan wit sli treson Þat i agh not to haf pardon. c1470Henry Wallace v. 975 Pardown he ast off the repreiff befor. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. xii. 18 Therefore I ought crave pardon, till I there have beene. 1603Shakes. Meas. for M. iii. i. 173 Let me ask my sister pardon. 1646Crashaw Delights of Muses 109 Speak Her pardon or her sentence; only break Thy silence! speak. 1754Hume Hist. Eng. (1812) I. 275 [Robert] craved pardon for his offences, and offered to purchase forgiveness by any atonement. 1875J. P. Hopps Princ. Relig. xv. 47 Pardon, or forgiveness, is an act or feeling which frees the wrong-doer from the resentment of an offended person, or from outward penalty. 1887Bowen Virg. æneid ii. 184 To invoke Pardon for great transgressions.
b. Theol. Forgiveness of sins.
a1300Cursor M. 11002 Þe annunciaciun O crist, þat broght vs al pardun. c1400Ywaine & Gaw. 857 Of his sins do him pardowne. 1513Douglas æneis iii. iv. 100 Bot, with offerandis and eik devote prayer, Thai wald we suld perdoun and pece requier. 1699Burnet 39 Art. xvi. (1700) 142 Our Saviour has made our pardoning the offences that others commit against us, the measure upon which we may expect pardon from God. 1742Young Nt. Th. iv. 322 A Pardon bought with Blood! 1836J. Gilbert Chr. Atonem. Notes (1852) 370 Pardon supposes law and sin.
3. Eccl.
a. = indulgence 3 a, b.
c1290Becket 2421 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 176 Þe pope ȝaf alle pardon þat þudere wolden gon, Þat men nusten in Engelonde suuych pardon non. a1300Cursor M. 21614 (Edin.) Þe quene wiþ hir menie [went] apon þe fridai eftirwarde Of perdun [v.rr. pardun, -doun] for to serue hir parte. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 3926 Þus pardon in purgatory availles, Als I tald. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. ii. 198 And ȝaf pardun for pons poundmele a-boute. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 331 Þis bischop of Rome..stireþ men bi grete perdon to breke opynly Goddis hestis. 1481Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 17, I gyue to hem alle pardon of her penance and relece all theyr synnes. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 1 b, Lamenting that the ignoraunt people, should be so far abused as to put the whole trust of their salvation in pardons. 1840tr. D'Aubigné's Hist. Ref. (ed. 3) I. 268 The penitent was himself to drop the price of his pardon into the chest.
b. A church festival at which indulgence is granted; the festival of the patron saint.
1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 1 The Jubylee & pardon..at the holy Appostle Seynt James in Spayne. c1483Caxton Dialogues 28/28 The procession of couentre; The pardon of syon shall be at the begynnyng of august. a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 339 [The king] passit to Sanctandrois..and thair remanit quhill the Michallmas perdoun. 1840T. A. Trollope Summ. Brittany II. 300 Many of these are situated in villages where Pardons are held. 1859Jephson Brittany v. 62 To-day was the village ‘Pardon’, and the whole population were assembled in the church to celebrate it.
4. Law. A remission, either free or conditional, of the legal consequences of crime; an act of grace on the part of the proper authority in a state, releasing an individual from the punishment imposed by sentence or that is due according to law.
general pardon, a pardon for offences generally, or for those committed by a number of persons not named individually.
[1328Act 2 Edw. III, c. 2 De ceo que chartres de pardoun ont este si legierment grantees avant ces heures, des homicides, etc.] 1450Rolls of Parlt. V. 202/2 Your Letters of pardon under your grete Seale. 1473Ibid. VI. 73/1 Lettres of prive Seale, of Pardon generall or speciall. 1559Mirr. Mag., J. Cade xviii, With generale pardon for my men halfe gone. 1600E. Blount tr. Conestaggio 314 Offering to all such as were in the Iland a generall pardon in his Maiesties behalfe, if they woulde yeeld. 1603Shakes. Meas. for M. iv. ii. 75, I hope it is some pardon, or repreeue For the most gentle Claudio. 1611Collection of Statutes 292 b (anno 43 Eliz.), A generall pardon with many exceptions, as followeth. 1761Hume Hist. Eng. (1812) VI. liv. 373 The farmers and officers of the customs..were afterwards glad to compound for a pardon by paying a fine of 150,000 pounds. 1772Junius Lett. lxviii. 356 He might have flattered himself..with the hopes of a pardon. 1809Tomlins Jacob's Law Dict. s.v., A Pardon, if pleaded, must be averred to be under the Great Seal: except a Statute Pardon, or what amounts thereto.
5. The document conveying a pardon:
a. in sense 3;
b. in sense 4.
a.c1386Chaucer Prol. 687 His walet [lay] biforn hym in his lappe Bret ful of pardon comen from Rome al hoot. 1542–5Brinklow Lament. (1874) 100 Their pardons, and other of their tromperye, hath bene bought and solde in Lombard strete. 1667Milton P.L. iii. 492 Then might ye see..Indulgences, Dispenses, Pardons, Bulls, The sport of Winds.
b.1603Shakes. Meas. for M. ii. iv. 152 Signe me a present pardon for my brother. 1879Dixon Windsor II. xxii. 231 The king sent him a full pardon for his past offences.
6. a. (In weakened sense, from 2.) The excusing of a fault or what the speaker politely treats as one; courteous forbearance or indulgence; allowance; excuse; acquittance of blame. Often in phrases of polite apology, esp. in I beg your pardon, a courteous form of expressing dissent or contradiction, = ‘Excuse me’; e.g. ‘I beg your pardon, it was not so’; and interrogatively = ‘I do not catch what you say’, or ‘what you mean’.
1548Forrest Pleas. Poesye 62 Perdon I haue askte for my symplenes. 1607Middleton Michaelm. Term ii. iii. 283 Yet, under both your pardons, I'd rather have a citizen. 1676Wycherley Pl. Dealer ii. i. Wks. (Rtldg.) 116/2 Captain, I beg your pardon: you will not make one at ombre? 1806–7J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) vii. xxviii, Endeavouring in vain to hear a person's..question addressed to you; and after repeatedly saying ‘I beg your pardon, Sir’, &c...still not hearing him. 1873‘L. Carroll’ Thr. the Looking-Gl. vii, ‘I beg your pardon?’ said Alice. ‘It isn't respectable to beg’, said the King. ‘I only meant that I didn't understand’, said Alice.
†b. Leave, permission. Obs.
1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Acts xxvi. 84 Thou haste pardon to speake for thy selfe. 1602Shakes. Ham. iv. vii. 46, I shall (first asking your Pardon thereunto) recount th' Occasions of my..returne. 1606― Ant. & Cl. iii. vi. 60 My Lord Marke Anthony..acquainted My greeued eare withall: whereon I begg'd His pardon for returne.
†c. Allowance for defect, toleration. Obs.
1607–12Bacon Ess., Beauty (Arb.) 212 Noe youth can be comely, but by pardon and by considering the youth, as to make vpp the comelynes. a1639Wotton Surv. Educ. Ep. Ded., A slight Pamphlet, about the Elements of Architecture..hath been entertained with some pardon among my Friends.
d. Ellipt. for I beg your pardon (see sense 6 a). colloq.
1898G. B. Shaw Man of Destiny 161 Giuseppe (coming to the foot of the couch) Pardon. Your excellency is so unlike other great men. 1914― Fanny's First Play iii. 221 Knox... You sit there after carrying on with my daughter, and tell me coolly youre married... Duvallet. Pardon. Carrying on? What does that mean? 1930J. Cannan No Walls of Jasper xv. 277 Julian said, ‘That's all nonsense. You're drunk.’.. ‘Pardon?’ said Eric. 1930A. P. Herbert Water Gipsies xiii. 178 To gain time she said ‘Pardon?’ and Mr. Baxter had to repeat his question. 1951[see grant v. 4 e]. 1954A. S. C. Ross in Neuphilol. Mitt. LV. 45 Pardon! is used by the non-U in three main ways:—1) if the hearer does not hear the speaker properly; 2) as an apology (e.g. on brushing by someone in a passage; 3) after hiccupping or belching. 1978I. Murdoch Sea 211 ‘Did you destroy the letter?’ ‘Pardon?’ ‘Did you destroy the letter?’ ‘Yes.’
†7. ‘A plea in law by which land was claimed under a gift special’ (Editor Plumpton Corr.). Obs.
1489–90Plumpton Corr. (Camden) 91 Fech your pardon & my ladyes, & send them both. Ibid. 146 They have made search in the Escheker for the perdon that was pledet. 1500Ibid. 147, I pled for your mastership x yere agoo a Perdon for Wolfe-hunt lands about Maunsefeild in Shirwood; by which plee ye clamed the land by fefement of my master, yore father.
8. attrib. and Comb. (chiefly in sense 3), as pardon-bull, pardon-monger, pardon office, pardon-pedlar; † pardon-beads = pardoned beads: see pardon v. 4; pardon-bell, a name for the angelus-bell (because special pardons were formerly granted to those who on hearing it recited the angelus correctly); pardon-chair, a confessional; pardon-screen, a screen around or in front of a confessional; pardon-stall, a stall from which pardons are read, or in which confessions are heard (Lee Gloss. Liturg. Terms 1877).
1516Will of R. Simpson (Somerset Ho.), A pair of *pardon beades.
1538Bp. Shaxton Injunct. in Burnet Hist. Ref. (1829) III. ii. 202 That the bell called the *Pardon, or Ave Bell,..be not hereafter in any parte of my diocesse any more tollyd. 1872Ellacombe Bells of Ch. ix. in Ch. Bells Devon 433 The Pardon Bell was silenced by Shaxton, Bishop of Sarum, in 1538.
1556Olde Antichrist 74 The *pardon bulls which they offre to sell for large money to men.
1570Foxe A. & M. (ed. 2) 971/2 The vnordinate outrage of those hys *pardonmongers, whiche so excessiuely did pyll and pole the simple people. 1874–7Wylie Hist. Protestant. (1899) 257 The whole population of the place..had come out to welcome the great pardon-monger.
1681J. Flavel Right. M. Ref. 209 Gods faithfulness..is as it were that *pardon-office from whence we fetch our discharges.
1653Urquhart Rabelais i. i. 10 Porters and *pardon-pedlars [pardonnaires].
▪ II. † pardon, n.2 Obs.
[app. corr. of a native name.]
The wine obtained from a species of palm on the Guinea Coast, app. Raphia vinifera, the wine from which is called by P. Beauvois (Flore d' Oware et de Benin, I. 77) Bourdon. Hence pardon-tree, -wine.
1705W. Bosman Guinea xvi. 286 The third sort is drawn at Ancober, Abokroe, Axim..and goes by the name of Pardon. Ibid. 288 The Pardon-Trees grow like the Coco-nuts, though on a much thinner Stalk. Ibid. xxi. 438 Their Drink Water and Pardon-Wine.
▪ III. pardon, v.|ˈpɑːdən, ˈpɑːd(ə)n|
Also 5 pardone, -donne, perdoun, 6 perdon.
[a. OF. pardoner, perduner (11th c.), F. pardonner = Pr., Sp. perdonar, Pg. perdoar, It. perdonare, late L. perdōnāre (Carolingian Capit.) to grant, concede, remit, condone, indulge, f. L. per- through + dōnāre to present, give, perh. after OHG. forgeben, forgive.]
†1. trans. To remit or condone (something due, a duty, obligation, debt, fine, or penalty). Sometimes with indirect (dative) obj. of the person. Obs.
1433Rolls of Parlt. IV. 478/1 That the Bailliffs.. abbregge ne pardon no maner of duty that longeth to the seid Cominalte. c1465Eng. Chron. (Camden 1856) 10 The kyng pardoneth the thy drawyng and hankyng, but thyn hed shalle be smyte of atte tourhille. 1547Gardiner in Burnet Hist. Ref. (1829) II. ii. 163, I am by nature already condemned to die, which sentence no man can pardon. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. iv. i. 374, I pardon thee thy life before thou aske it. 1605― Lear iv. vi. 111. 1639 Fuller Holy War iii. xxv. (1840) 165 Who had their lives pardoned on condition to cleanse the city. 1643Prynne Sov. Power Parl. ii. 75 The King cannot pardon nor release the repairing of a Bridge or Highway, or any such like publike charges.
2. To remit the penalty of (an offence); to pass over (an offence or offender) without punishment or blame; to forgive.
Pardon is a more formal term than forgive, being that used in legal language; also often in theology.
a. With the offence as obj.: sometimes with the offender as ind. obj., or governed by to.
c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon i. 47 Pardone theym the dethe of your sone. 1535–6Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 24 §1 No personne..shall have any power..to pardon or remitte any tresons..or any kyndes of felonnyes what so ever they be..but that the Kinges Highnesse..shall have the hole and sole power and auctoritie therof. 1602How to choose good wife v. iii. in Hazl. Dodsley IX. 90 On my knee I beg Your angry soul will pardon me her death. 1611Bible Exod. xxiii. 21 Provoke him not; for he will not pardon your transgressions. 1759Hume Hist. Eng. (1812) V. xliv. 418 Her father would never have pardoned so much obstinacy. 1861J. A. Alexander Gospel Chr. xxvii. 369 God pardons nothing or He pardons all.
b. With the offender as obj.
c1430Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 3239 And he pardoned Generides thoo Of al the wrathe betwix hem twoo. 1450Marg. Paston in Lett. I. 115 The Duke of Suffolk is pardonyd,..and is in the Kyngs gode grase. 1459Paston Lett. I. 499 My maistr, whom Iesu for his mercy pardonne. 1484Caxton Fables of æsop ii. x, I praye the that thow wylt pardonne me of thoffense that I have done to the. a1533Ld. Berners Huon lxxxiv. 266, I holde you quyt..& pardon you of all myn yll wyll. 1611Bible 2 Kings v. 18 In this thing the Lord pardon thy seruant. 1741Richardson Pamela (1824) I. 103 Pardon you! said he, What! when you don't repent? 1754Hume Hist. Eng. (1812) I. vi. 321 That the adherents of each should be pardoned. 1841Lane Arab. Nts. I. 82 Pardon me, and kill me not, and so may God pardon thee.
c. absol. To grant pardon or forgiveness.
a1450Knt. de la Tour (1868) 138 But for no amonestement..she wolde not pardone. 1611Bible Isa. lv. 7 Hee will abundantly pardon.
d. To put away by pardon. (nonce-use.)
1875J. P. Hopps Princ. Relig. xv. 48 We cannot pardon away a wound or forgive away a disease.
3. To make courteous allowance for; to excuse:
a. a fact or action.
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 2, I beseche you to pardon my boldnes. 1605Chapman All Fooles Plays 1873 I. 136 Ladie, youle pardon our grosse bringing up? 1648Hamilton Papers (Camden) 194 Pardon my impatience. 1761Hume Hist. Eng. (1812) VI. 405 You will be pleased to pardon my infirmity. 1847Tennyson Princess ii. 289 My needful seeming harshness, pardon it.
b. a person; formerly esp. in asking to be excused from doing something (now excuse me: see excuse v. 7).
1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xx. (Percy Soc.) 98 To pardon me of my rude wrytyng. 1570Foxe A. & M. (ed. 2) 2291/1 Her graces Cooke aunswered: my Lord, I will neuer suffer any straunger to come... He [Ld. Chamberlain] sayd they should. But y⊇ Cooke said, his Lordship should pardon hym for that matter. 1599Shakes. Much Ado ii. i. 131 Beat. Will you not tell me who told you so? Bene. No, you shall pardon me. 1603― Meas. for M. iii. ii. 142 Duke. What (I prethee) might be the cause? Luc. No, pardon: 'Tis a secret must bee lockt within the teeth and the lippes. 1764Foote Patron iii. Wks. 1799 I. 359 My hand! what, to a poet hooted, hissed, and exploded! You must pardon me, Sir. 1795A. Seward Lett. (1811) IV. 81 Pardon me from dwelling so long on this sad theme. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. vi. II. 46 Men who had been so long..oppressed might have been pardoned if they had eagerly seized the first opportunity of obtaining..revenge.
†4. Eccl. To hallow (beads) so that pardon or indulgence for sins was attached to their use. Obs.
1524Will of R. Hallay (Somerset Ho.), Beads &c. pardoned at Sion. 1553Becon Reliq. Rome Wks. (1564) iii. 358 b, To all good christen people disposed to say our Ladyes psaulter..on any of these beades, the which bene pardoned at the holye place of Shene, shal haue ten thousande yeres of pardon.
Hence ˈpardoned ppl. a.; ˈpardoning vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1530Palsgr. 251/2 Pardonyng, pardonnance. 1547Homilies i. Good Wks. iii. (1859) 59 All things which they had were called holy, holy cowls, holy girdles, holy pardoned beads. 1678South Serm. II. x. 379 That solid and substantial Comfort..which Pardoning-grace,..for the most part, never gives. 1692Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) II. 347 One of the witnesses against him, being a pardoned robber. 1828Scott F.M. Perth xxii, Thou thyself shalt preach up the pardoning of injuries. 1896Academy 12 Dec. 520/1 Reformers..whose essential integrity of intention wins for them at last a pardoning respect. |