| 释义 |
parenchyma|pəˈrɛŋkɪmə|
Pl. parenˈchymata.
[a. Gr. παρέγχυµα, -µατ-, lit. ‘something poured in beside’ (f. παρα- beside + ἔγχυµα infusion), used by Erasistratus in sense 1 a below; the substance of the liver, lungs, etc. being anciently supposed to be formed of blood strained through the blood-vessels and coagulated.]
1. Anat. and Zool.
a. The special or proper substance of a gland or other organ of the body, as the liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs, etc., as distinguished from the connective tissue or stroma, and from muscular tissue or flesh proper. (In quot. 1682 applied to the connective tissue forming the true skin, as distinguished from the nerve-fibres distributed through it.)
1657S. Purchas Pol. Flying-Ins. 115 Physitians..determine the Parenchyma of the Liver to bee a certain flowing of blood, as if nothing else were there but coagulated blood. 1664G. Etherege Com. Revenge v. i. I..fear that the parenchyma of the right lobe of the lungs..is perforated. 1682T. Gibson Anat. (1684) 13 The true skin..is made up of nervous fibres..closely interwoven..and of a parenchyma that fills up the interstices. 1783W. Cullen First Lines §293 Wks. 1827 II. 32 An inflammation of the parenchyma, or substance of viscera. 1893Syd. Soc. Lex. s.v., The parenchymata of glandular organs are vascular.
b. The soft tissue composing the general substance of the body in some invertebrates, as sponges and certain worms; spec. the undifferentiated cell-substance or protoplasm of unicellular animals.
1665R. Hooke Microgr. xxii. 138 In a Sponge, the Parenchyma, it seems, is but a kind of mucous gelly. 1878Bell Gegenbaur's Comp. Anat. 106 The calcareous bodies (spicula) always lie in the connective tissue of the parenchyma. Ibid. 131 The body-parenchyma of this sporocyst becomes differentiated. 1881Mivart Cat 9 Histology enables us to understand the structure and nature of the ultimate substance or parenchyma of the body.
2. Bot. Tissue consisting of cells of approximately equal length and breadth placed side by side, usually soft and succulent, and often with intercellular spaces; found in all the systems of tissues, but chiefly and typically in the fundamental or ground tissue, as in the softer parts of leaves, the pulp of fruits, the bark and pith of stems, etc.; hence sometimes used as a synonym for ‘fundamental tissue’. (Distinguished from prosenchyma.)
1651Biggs New Disp. ⁋79 Beginners must learn to distinguish the bloud of plants, from their gore and Parenchyma or garbage. 1671Grew Anat. Plants i. §18 Next to the Cuticle [in a bean], we come to the Parenchyma...I call it the Parenchyma. Not that we are so meanly to conceive of it, as if..it were a meer concreted Juyce. For it is a Body very curiously organiz'd. Ibid. iv. §7 The Parenchyma of the Leaf, which lies betwixt the Nerves, and..fills all up. 1786Gentl. Mag. LVI. i. 456 They make corks of the parenchyma, the second bark of the black poplar. 1870H. Macmillan Bible Teach. vii. 144 The green cellular substance, called parenchyma, which fills up all the interspaces in..leaves. 1875Bennett & Dyer tr. Sachs' Bot. 78.
3. attrib. and Comb., as parenchyma-cell.
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 249 Emboli of air, of fat and of parenchyma-cells.
Hence paˈrenchymal, parenchyˈmatic adjs., of, pertaining to, or consisting of parenchyma, parenchymatous; parenchymaˈtitis Path., inflammation of the parenchyma of an organ.
1839–47Todd Cycl. Anat. III. 485/2 The bloodvessels..remain on the..*parenchymal aspect of the mucous tissue. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 1111 Probably they are actually derived from the parenchymal layer.
1651Biggs New Disp. ⁋213 The *parenchymatick Laboratorie of the Liver. 1822–34Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) IV. 300 Inflammation of the brain, and particularly..parenchymatic inflammation.
1857Mayne Expos. Lex., *Parenchymatitis. |