| 释义 |
▪ I. passing, vbl. n.|ˈpɑːsɪŋ, -æ-|
[f. pass v. + -ing1.]
1. a. The action of the vb. pass in various senses: going, going on, going by, going away, departing, dying; getting through an examination, going beyond, surpassing, etc.
in passing, by the way; in the course of some procedure, narrative, speech, etc.; parenthetically, = F. en passant.
a1325Prose Psalter cxv. 2 [cxvi. 11], Y said in my passing, Ich man is liȝer. a1340Hampole Psalter cxviii. [cxix.] 136 Passyngis of watirs led myn eghyn. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 335 Þere is noȝt gret passynge and exces in [c]hele noþer in hete. c1400Destr. Troy xxxv. heading, Of Pyrrus and of his passyng ffrom Troy. 1512in Southwell Visit. (1891) 115, I wyll that at the howre of my passyng the grettist bell in the church be rongen. 1691T. H[ale] Acc. New Invent. p. l, Mens passing about their Affairs in the Night. 1753Scots Mag. Nov. 542/2 The question for the bill's passing was put. 1849C. Brontë Shirley vi, It may be remarked, in passing. 1869Tennyson (title) The Passing of Arthur. 1926C. Van Vechten Nigger Heaven 286 Passing, passing for white. 1952L. Marquard Peoples & Policies S. Afr. iii. 77 Though..it is impossible to say how many coloured have succeeded in ‘passing’—that is, in being fully accepted as European—‘passing’ has certainly occurred. 1952M. Steen Phoenix Rising vii. 176 Those who succeed in ‘passing’ live their lives in mortal terror of being found out. 1953[see passer 4]. 1958S. E. Hyman in A. Dundes Mother Wit (1973) 46/2 The account of lynching, passing, discrimination, or varieties of resistance. 1961Guardian 4 May 10/4 ‘Passing’, the word used to describe Negroes merging indistinguishably into a white community in America. 1973G. D. Berreman Caste in Mod. World 10/2 The response of Burakumin to their birth-ascribed status is that common to all low castes: accommodation on the most part, and occasional ‘passing’... As in all societies passing is difficult and stressful, for the fear of discovery and the necessary loss or attenuation of family contacts are traumatic.
b. In causative senses: Causing or allowing to pass, carrying over, transportation, transference, carrying into law, uttering, pronouncing, etc.; spec. in ball games, the action of transferring (the ball) to another player (see sense 46 b of the vb.). Also absol.
1565Act 8 Eliz. c. 13 §5 The Ordinary Passing and Carrying of the Queen's Majesty's People to and from as other Watermen..do. 1674Essex Papers (Camden) I. 276 Neglecting to take any Securities upon y⊇ passing of Wooll. 1692Sir W. Hope Fencing-Master (ed. 2) 79 My next Lesson is of Passing, or making of a Pass. 1739C. Labelye Short Acc. Piers Westm. Bridge p. iii, Before the passing the first Act for Building the Bridge. 1821Act 1 & 2 Geo. IV, c. 64 §1 The passing of any Rogue, Vagabond,..or other idle and disorderly Person, to his or her Place of legal Settlement or Place of Birth. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xv. III. 602 The passing of the sentence was therefore deferred. 1882Blackburn Times 1 Apr. 6/3 While the Rovers worked their way towards their opponents' goal by passing, the Etonians did so by rushes. 1889Pauline VIII. 38 Carter got in once more, owing to a good piece of passing between himself, Stokoe, and Browne. 1892F. Marshall Football 121 For a time, passing was confined to the forwards exclusively, and was what is termed ‘short’ passing. 1906Gallaher & Stead Compl. Rugby Footballer 85 A player's object in passing the ball is to give possession of it to a colleague who is in a better position for making further headway with it than he is himself. 1952J. B. Pick Phoenix Dict. Games i. 63 This..ensures that the passing will be precise. 1960E. S. & W. J. Higham High Speed Rugby 5 A method of passing the ball in which the outside elbow is bent upwards.
c. A means of passing; a passing-place; a ford.
1872Tennyson Gareth & Lynette 597–8 O'er it [the river] are three passings, and three knights Defend the passings.
2. a. With advbs.: see pass v. IV.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 193 Of whos ende and passing forþ it is expressid in þinges þat gooþ bifore. c1410Love Bonavent. Mirr. xliv. lf. 95 (Gibbs MS.) He þurstede bodyly by cause of þe gret passynge out of blode. 1573–80Baret Alv. P 161 A passing ouer,..or carrieng ouer, traiectio. 1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 48/1 These remedyes, which in passinge by, it seemed convenient vnto me to rehearse. 1726Leoni Alberti's Archit. I. 74 Ants, with constant passing up and down, will wear traces even in flints. 1882–3Schaff Encycl. Relig. Knowl. III. 1812 The passing-away of the educational enthusiasm.
b. With off: see sense 64 c of the vb.
1900Rep. Patent Cases (Patent Office) 15 Aug. 482 In the Yorkshire Relish case the inference was drawn that the mere use of a name implied passing off. 1902[see pass v. 64 c]. 1908Westm. Gaz. 30 Apr. 9/2 Damages were claimed by the plaintiff for alleged libel, and the passing off of a story written by her in 1895 and 1896. Defendants denied that there was any libel or passing off. 1959Times 6 Feb. 17/1 His action against them for alleged libel and passing off. 1960Times 20 Sept. (Pure Food Suppl.) p. i/5 There still remains..the possibility of verbal passing-off at the time of sale. 1962Listener 15 Mar. 457/1 We might..be called upon to change our law in respect of ‘passing-off’. Broadly speaking, this is selling one's own goods or services in a way which deceives the public into thinking that they are those of some other trader. 1970White & Jacob Patents iii. viii. 65 In an action for passing-off the plaintiff must in practice prove that he has extensive enough goodwill for his goods to be recognised by members of the public.
3. concr. A gold or silver thread made by winding a thin strip or ribbon of the metal about a core of silk. Cf. passement.
1848E. C. P. in C. H. Hartshorne Eng. Medieval Embroidery 113 A rich gold thread, called passing, or tambour. 1880L. Higgin Handbk. Embroidery i. 8 Gold and silver passing, a very fine kind of thread. 1882in Caulfeild & Saward Dict. Needlework. 1899W. G. P. Townsend Embroidery iv. 73 A diaper in string worked over in gold passing. Ibid. v. 82 Gold and Silver Passing and Tambour. 1901Lewis F. Day & Mary Buckle Art in Needlework xxix. (ed. 2) 245 Japanese gold does not tarnish so readily as ‘passing’. 1957M. B. Picken Fashion Dict. 349/2 Passing, smooth, flattened thread made by twisting strands of gold or silver around a strand of silk. 1960B. Snook Eng. Hist. Embroidery 48 A very fine flexible metal thread called ‘passing’ was known to the Elizabethans.
4. a. attrib. and Comb., as passing knell, † passing peal, passing rule; passing-braid (see quot.); passing certificate, a certificate of having passed an examination or the like; † passing-close, Mus., an interrupted cadence; passing door Mining, an arrangement of doors in a gallery that enables people to pass through while preventing the free passage of air currents; passing nippers (see quot.); passing novel (see quot.); † passing-penny = pass-penny (pass n.2 18 b); hence allusively, a passport to the future world; passing place, a place where persons or things may pass; spec. (a) a ford, (b) a railway siding; (c) on a narrow or single track road; passing-stroke, Croquet (see quot.). Also passing-bell.
1882Caulfeild & Saward Dict. Needlework, *Passing Braid, a description of Braid employed in Embroidery, made with gold or silver thread, such as used on military uniforms.
1787Nelson 20 July in Nicolas Disp. (1845) I. 248, I transmit to you a *Passing Certificate, with two Warrants, for Mr. James Ballentine. 1833Marryat P. Simple xxxviii, My passing certificate was signed, and the captains did me the honour to shake hands with me, and wish me speedy promotion.
1597Morley Introd. Mus. 127 They be *passing closes, which we commonly call false closes, being deuised to shun a final end and go on with some other purpose.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 989 *Passing doors..may be substituted in any place for a passage where there is a stopping.
1798Southey Bishop Bruno i, The sound it gave was his *passing knell.
1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl., *Passing Nippers (Nautical), a strong hank of untwisted but mailed yarn used in binding the messenger to the cable.
1964J. H. Clarke Harlem 345 James Weldon Johnson..wrote ‘*passing’ novels, i.e. novels about Negroes who were able to pass as whites.
1533Nottingham Rec. IV. 202 For a *passyng pele xij d.
1651Jer. Taylor Holy Dying iv. §9 (1727) 178 It is good so to carry our *Passing-penny in our hand.
1716B. Church Hist. Philip's War (1867) II. 89 Maj. Church..ask'd the French men where their *passing Place was? 1841Penny Cycl. XIX. 257/2 The manner in which switches are applied at passing-places and crossings. 1951N. M. Gunn Well at World's End xxiv. 210 The lorry swung into a ‘passing place’ with squealing brakes. 1963P. MacTyre Fish on Hook v. 73 He pulled ponderously into the next passing-place, to allow the vehicle behind to over⁓take. 1972Times 16 Oct. 13/6 It's a single track road, with passing places not very close together—and of course heavy lorries can't back. 1973G. Moffat Lady with Cool Eye vii. 74 A narrow tarred track..only wide enough for one vehicle. At intervals there were passing-places.
1900Westm. Gaz. 30 Apr. 8/1 The competing cars..streamed off in single file with strict injunctions as to observance of the *passing rule.
1901Scotsman 16 Sept. 10/4 The ‘*passing stroke’ is used when it is necessary that the player's ball should go further than the ball which has been roqueted.
b. With advbs., as passing-off action; passing-out examination, inspection, parade; passing-through ritual.
1925F. I. Schechter Hist. Found. Law Trade-Marks i. 10 Lord Chancellor Halsbury, in analyzing the plaintiff's pleadings in a ‘passing-off’ action, stated that such an action ‘has been a well recognized cause of action, certainly for the last two hundred and fifty years’. 1946Nature 2 Nov. 604/1 Traders were obliged to rely on cumbersome and expensive passing-off actions to protect their name and goods. 1970White & Jacob Patents iii. viii. 66 Many businesses do not keep their trade marks fully and validly registered, so that resort to a passing-off action may always be necessary to cover flaws in the trade-mark position. 1976Century of Trade Marks (Patent Office) i. 2/2 In France..there is at least one recorded instance in the 16th Century of what would be called today a passing-off action, in which the defendant was subjected to a perpetual injunction and made to pay heavy costs.
1916Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 28 July 4/7 He came out first in the recent passing-out examinations. 1973Soviet Weekly 5 May 2/3 Moscow School of Choreography..has begun its passing-out examinations.
1930Times Educ. Suppl. 2 Aug. 340/3 The passing-out inspection of aircraft apprentices..was held on Tuesday. 1955Times 11 Aug. 6/5 The Sudan defence force to-day held the first passing-out parade of officer cadets since the Sudanization of the force. 1971B. W. Aldiss Soldier Erect 156 The C.O. of Kanchapur spoke to us on passing-out parade. 1973‘S. Harvester’ Corner of Playground i. v. 38 Officer cadets due to receive their commissions at the passing-out parade.
1969Times 19 Mar. 4/4 The wedding ring and the custom of the groom carrying his bride over the threshold may be relics of the ‘passing through’ rituals.
▪ II. ˈpassing, ppl. a. (adv. and prep.)
[f. pass v. + -ing2.]
A. ppl. adj.
1. That goes or passes by.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 3297 Al day of passande men þey herd. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. cxlii. (Bodl. MS.), Passinge men comeþ: and beþ ispoyled and robbed and ofte slayne. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 679 Th' Infernal Troops like passing Shadows glide. 1794Southey Wat Tyler ii. i, The green corn waves to the passing gale. 1850Tennyson In Mem. Concl. xxvi, The shade of passing thought. 1874L. Stephen Hours in Library (1892) I. i. 26 Some passing traveller from distant lands.
2. a. That passes away or elapses; of time or things measured by time: transient, transitory, temporary, fleeting; ephemeral, vanishing.
a1340Hampole Psalter v. 14 Þis luf is noght passand bot lastand. 1387–8T. Usk Test. Love ii. viii. (Skeat) l. 102 How passing is the beautie of flesshly bodyes, more flyttinge than mouable floures of sommer. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. ix. ii. (Bodl. MS.), Noþinge is..more passinge þanne tyme, for tyme resteþ neuere. 1567Harman Caveat xi. 55 When they had thus wrong water out of a flint in spoyling him of his euyl gotten goods, his passing pens, and fleting trashe. 1709Steele Tatler No. 15 ⁋1 The History of the passing Day. 1899A. Austin in Daily News 16 Nov. 4/5 The confounding of the Passing with the Permanent.
b. Done, given, etc., in passing; cursory.
1750Gray Elegy 80 Some frail memorial..Implores the passing tribute of a sigh. 1806J. W. Callcott Mus. Gram. vi. 66 The Passing Shake is expressed in Germany by a particular character. 1819Pantologia, Passing-shake, a short trill, made en passant, in flowing passages of quavers or semiquavers, without..interrupting the natural course of the melody. 1828Scott F. M. Perth xxvii, Few opportunities..of exchanging even such passing greetings. 1862Mill Utilit. 8 A passing remark is all that needs be given.
c. passing show, the spectacle of contemporary life; an entertainment using as material current events and interests, a revue.
1908Sears, Roebuck Catal. 1047/3 A whole passing show... Your friends grotesquely photographed... By getting a focus on passing pedestrians, horses, cars, etc., the most ludicrous pictures are witnessed. 1915(title of journal) The passing show. 1915A. Wimperis (title of revue) Passing show. 1956B.B.C. Handbk. 1957 31 To keep the listener fully in touch with the ‘passing show’ of contemporary life. 1968N.Y. City (Michelin Tire Corp.) 81 In 1864, Tony Pastor's Opera House made vaudeville fashionable{ddd}the ‘revue’ or ‘passing show’ caught on in the 90's. 1976Scottish Rev. Summer 9 Reason tends to be hostile to the passing show, tends to view reality as an eternity of fixed types amenable to the eye of reason.
3. Surpassing, pre-eminent; transcendent; extreme. Obs. or arch.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxxi. (Eugenia) 342 Quhat passand luf til hym scho had. c1386Chaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. 61 He is a man heigh of discrecioun I warne yow wel he is a passyng man. 1523Skelton Garl. Laurell 841 The passynge bounte of your noble astate. 1577Harrison England ii. xiii. (1877) i. 254 Tokens..of passing workemanship. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. i. ii. 17 Pardon deare Madam, 'tis a passing shame. 1632J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromena 195 To the passing content of her grand-parents.
4. Having the charge of testing and passing candidates; examining.
1788Nelson 26 Dec. in Nicolas Disp. (1845) I. 277 On his going to be Examined..the Passing Captains had refused to examine him. 1840Marryat Olla Podr. III. 28 The passing captains..suffered from the heat of the weather.
B. adv.
a. (= passingly). In a passing or surpassing degree; surpassingly, pre-eminently, in the highest degree; exceedingly, very. (With adjs. or advbs. only.) Now somewhat arch.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 411 Þan Menelaus..gadrede passyng strong men. 1465Paston Lett. II. 216 He gave the baly of Cossey..a passyng gret rebuke. 1470–85Malory Arthur vii. xviii, Hee hath done passyng ylle and shamefully. 1510–20Everyman in Hazl. Dodsley I. 128 It pleaseth God passing well. 1596Harington Metam. Ajax (1814) 66 Vitellius who is noted to haue been a passing great eater. 1770Goldsm. Des. Vill. 142 A man he was..passing rich with forty pounds a year. 1786F. Burney Diary 8 Nov., I liked them all passing well. 1837Disraeli Venetia ii. i, Strange, passing strange indeed, and bitter! 1891T. Hardy Tess xli. (1900) 100/2 It would be passing mean to enrich herself by a legal title to them which was not essentially hers at all.
†b. passing old: of advanced age, superannuated.
1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms 96 Quhethir a passand alde ancien man be law of armes may be haldin prisoner.
C. quasi-prep. Uses in which the pr. pple. (governing an object) through some ellipsis approaches the character of a preposition with its object. (The participial character remains more perceptible in 2, 3, than in 1.)
†1. Beyond (some definite measure or number), more than. After 1500 app. only with negative: not passing, not more than. Obs. or arch.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. v. 422, I haue be prest and parsoun passynge thretti wynter. 1393Ibid. C. xxiii. 218 Proude preostes cam with hym passend an hundred. 141826 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (E.E.T.S.) 63 Þat borweþ moche he geteþ hate, Spende waste passyng his rent. c1483Chron. London (1827) 116 The whiche hadde nought passyng vc fytynge men with them. 1545T. Raynalde Byrth Mankynde 68 To a woman geue neuer passyng a drame at once of safrane. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. i. xix. 22 The trenches of the Salaris beeing not passing 150. paces from the Castle. 1685H. More Paralip. Prophet. ix. 57 He was not passing fifty nine years when he died. 1767Woman of Fashion I. 24 It is not passing four Month's ago, that I must needs..let my Girl go to an Assembly.
†2. Beyond in degree, to a greater degree than, more or better than; also, in preference to, rather than. Obs.
c1386Chaucer Frankl. T. 201 He syngeth, daunceth, passynge any man That is or was sith þat the world bigan. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xi. 44 He gert sla his wyf, whilk he luffed passand all oþer creatures. 1539[see pass v. 37].
†3. Beyond the limit, range, or compass of; so as to surpass; as in passing measure, beyond measure. Obs.
c1449Pecock Repr. (Rolls) I. 36 Thenne he dide a maistrie passing his power. 1561T. Hoby tr. Castiglione's Courtyer iii. (1577) Q v, Men paste feare, and hardie passing measure. 1830Tennyson Talking Oak 58 The slight she-slips of loyal blood, And others, passing praise. |