| 释义 |
pasteurize, v.|ˈpɑːstɜːraɪz, ˈpɑːstjʊə-, -æ-|
[f. as prec. + -ize.]
1. trans. To prevent or arrest fermentation in (milk, wine, etc.) by exposure to a high temperature so as to destroy contained microbes or germs; to kill most but not all of the micro-organisms present in (food) so as to render its consumption safe and to improve its keeping quality (as by heat treatment or irradiation).
Distinguished from sterilize, which implies the killing of all the micro-organisms.
1881Pharmaceut. Jrnl. 29 Oct. 358 Beer..previously ‘pasteurized’—and exposed to direct sunlight... At the end of three weeks the non-pasteurized beer..commenced to lose its clearness; but the pasteurized sample remained quite bright. 189619th Cent. Sept. 458 Cream should be pasteurised before being sent out from the dairy. 1945ABC of Cookery (Ministry of Food) vi. 19 Unless milk has come from a herd of tuberculin tested cows or has been pasteurized it should be scalded or boiled before drinking. 1959Internat. Jrnl. Appl. Radiation & Isotopes VI. 205/2 Packaging does not present a problem for foods ‘pasteurized’ by radiation. 1966Proc. Internat. Symp. Food Irradiation (Internat. Atomic Energy Agency) 842 The cost of pasteurizing food (300 000 to 500 000 rads) should be less than one-tenth the cost of radio-sterilization. 1970Preservation of Fish by Irradiation (United Nations F.A.O.) 3 A test was..developed for evaluating whether or not there exists a botulinum Type E hazard in fish fillets pasteurized with gamma radiation.
2. To treat by the method of Pasteurism.
1886–[implied in pasteurization below].
Hence ˈpasteurized ppl. a. (also fig.); also ˈpasteurizing ppl. a.; pasteuriˈzation, the action or process of pasteurizing (in sense 1 or 2); ˈpasteurizer, an apparatus for pasteurizing milk.
1886Times 21 Oct. 4/6 Hydrophobia mortality fluctuates widely... What value then for or against Pasteurization can attach to the returns of a single year? 1895Westm. Gaz. 30 Sept. 1/3 The Pasteurisation of beer has..become a phrase. 1897Melbourne Argus 2 Mar. 6/7 The pasteuriser is a circular tank of tin into which the milk is received. 1957Jrnl. Appl. Bacteriol. XX. 286 For meat processing, two different types of treatment have been envisaged. One is complete sterilization... The other process, which is becoming known as ‘pasteurization’, consists in decreasing the bacterial numbers sufficiently to give a substantial increase in storage life, usually under refrigeration. Doses from 5 × 104 to 5 × 105 rads have been suggested as giving useful results. 1959Internat. Jrnl. Appl. Radiation & Isotopes VI. 143/1 Some species of fish stand up better to irradiation than others and..these when subjected to only pasteurizing levels suffer none of the undesirable changes produced by sterilization. 1962Listener 13 Sept. 406/2 After Mr Kokoschka's verve and spontaneity our average spoken word sounds pasteurized and insipid both in substance and expression. 1966Proc. Internat. Symp. Food Irradiation (Internat. Atomic Energy Agency) 527 With the exception of thiamine, no significant changes occurred in the water-soluble vitamins of haddock fillets and clam meats subjected to pasteurizing doses of radiation. Ibid. 549 (heading) Investigations on pasteurization of cold marinades by 60Co gamma rays. 1973Stewart & Amerine Introd. Food Sci. v. 203 Radiation dosages for pasteurization are only about a tenth of that [sic] required for sterilization. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 19 June 20/5 The pasteurised, homogenised, tanned, toothy, breasty, false-lashed, make-up-larded, honey cascade-haired beings thrust upon us as representatives of young womanhood. 1976N. Freeling Lake Isle vi. 38 Castang, though a youngish cop with a university degree, didn't think much of his more pasteurized colleagues. |