| 释义 |
patchouli|ˈpætʃuːlɪ, pəˈtʃuːlɪ|
Also 9 pach-, pāch-, patschouli, patchouly, paccioli.
[a. patchouli, ‘the vernacular name over the greater part of the Madras Presidency’ (Sir G. Birdwood in Athenæum 22 Oct. 1898), the elements of which are referred by some to Tamil pach, pachai- green and ilai leaf: cf. the Bengālī pacha-pāt (pāt leaf), and Eng. putcha-leaf, or patch-leaf.
The spelling patchouli appears to be French, and may have arisen in the French possessions on the Coromandel coast. If there is anything in the conjecture in Hatz.-Darm. that it is a phonetically-spelt adaptation of Eng. patch-leaf, this would necessarily carry back the name in Fr. to a period anterior to the earliest Eng. examples. But in French dictionaries it was entered as a neologism by Littré in 1875, and was admitted by the Académie in 1878, long after it was known in English.]
1. An odoriferous plant (Pogostemon Patchouli, family Labiatæ), native to Silhat, Penang, and the Malay peninsula, the dried leaves of which are used for various purposes in the East; it yields an essential oil, from which the scent (see 2) is derived.
1851Forbes in Art Jrnl. Illustr. Catal. ii. p. vii/1 The..aromatic herbs, the lavenders and rosemarys, hyssop and peppermints, patchouli and thyme, all yielding volatile oils. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Patchouly, an Indian herb. 1866Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 357 Patchouli, Pachupat or Patscha pat. 1872Ibid. VI. 902 Volatile oil of patschouli gradually deposits a camphor.
2. A penetrating and lasting perfume prepared from this plant.
1845Alb. Smith Scattergood Fam. I. vii, Evening-party odours..pachouli, white-wine vapours, and cut oranges. 1856C. Hering Homœop. Dom. Phys. p. xi, Perfumery, particularly musk, hartshorn, camphor, paccioli. 1866Treas. Bot. 910/2 Ill effects, such as loss of appetite and sleep, nervous attacks, etc., have been ascribed to the excessive employment of Patchouli as a perfume.
3. attrib., as patchouli camphor, patchouli oil.
1881Watts Dict. Chem. VIII. 1497 Patchouli camphor, C15H26O..forms regular hexagonal crystals. 1893Syd. Soc. Lex., Patchouli oil,..is a viscid oil, boils at 282°–294° F., and separates out on standing as Patchouly camphor. |