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▪ I. patrician, n.1 and a.1|pəˈtrɪʃən|
Also 7 -tian.
[f. L. patrīci-us (see patrice) + -an; cf. F. patricien (14th c.), which was perh. the model.]
A. n.
1. A person belonging, or reputed to belong, to one of the original citizen families or gentes of which the ancient Roman populus consisted, and out of whom, in the first ages of the republic, the senators, consuls, and pontifices were exclusively chosen; a Roman noble. Opp. to plebeian n.
1533Bellenden Livy iv. (1822) 317 No plebeane will tak the dochter of ane patriciane but hir consent. 1607Shakes. Cor. iv. iii. 15 There hath beene in Rome straunge Insurrections: The people, against the Senatours, Patricians, and Nobles. 1695Ld. Preston Boeth. Life 25 He also design'd upon the Lives of several others of the Patritians. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. xvii. (1846) II. 24 The proudest and most perfect separation..between the nobles and the people, is perhaps that of the Patricians and the Plebeians,..in the first age of the Roman republic. 1879Froude Cæsar vi. 54 He [Sulla] was a patrician of the purest blood.
b. In the later Roman Empire, A member of a new noble order nominated by the Emperor at Byzantium; also, an officer, orig. a member of this order, sent or appointed as representative of the Emperor to administer the western provinces of Italy and Africa. The title was afterwards assumed by Charlemagne and his successors.
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) VI. 271 Nichoforus the patricion, honorede and luffede moche of the seide Yrene. 1653Holcroft Procopius i. 13 The Emperour Justine..sent Probus, Sisters son to the late Emperour Anastasius, a Patritian, with money to raise an army of Hunnes for his ayd. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. xvii. (1846) II. 25 He [Constantine] revived..the title of Patricians, but he revived it as a personal, not as an hereditary distinction. 1788Ibid. xlix. IV. 486 The importance and danger of those remote provinces [Italy and Africa] required the presence of a supreme magistrate; he was indifferently styled the exarch or the patrician. 1861J. G. Sheppard Fall Rome vi. 287 Theoderic set forth to take possession of his new inheritance, in the character of ‘Patrician by the emperor's appointment’. 1872[see exarch 1]. 1885Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 411/1 It was as patrician of Rome that the emperor Henry IV. claimed the right to depose Pope Gregory VII. The title was abolished by Pope Eugenius III. in 1145.
c. Applied to the hereditary noble citizens of some of the mediæval Italian republics, as Venice, Genoa, etc. (= Ital. patrizio, † patricio), and to the higher order or ‘gentlemen’ of the Free Cities of the German Empire (= Ger. patricier).
1611Coryat Crudities 125 Some worthy Duke or Patritian of Venice. 1617Moryson Itin. i. 93 [tr. Latin Inscr.] To Lodwick Ariosto Poet, a Patrician of Ferraria. Ibid. iii. 239 The Patritians [of the Imperiall Free Cities] liue vpon their reuenues, as Gentlemen. Ibid. 240 (Nurnberg) The Senate consists of forty persons, whereof thirty foure are Patricians or Gentlemen. 1820Byron Mar. Fal. i. ii. 50 The sentence pass'd on Michel Steno, born Patrician. 1840Penny Cycl. XVII. 318/1 At Venice, the name of patrician was given to the members of the great council..and their descendants. Patrizio Veneto was a title of nobility, considered equal to that of any feudal noble not of a sovereign house. 1841W. Spalding Italy & It. Isl. II. 169.
d. gen. A person of noble birth or rank; a nobleman, aristocrat. Opp. to plebeian.
1631T. Powell Tom All Trades (1876) 148 If you sue to a [City] Company consisting of many persons Tradesmen, you must enquire who bee the most potent Patritians..amongst them. 1841Emerson Lect., Conservative Wks. (Bohn) II. 264 The battle of patrician and plebeian..reappears in all countries and times. 1861Thackeray Four Georges iii. (1862) 126 At the accession of George III. the patricians were yet at the height of their good fortune.
2. One versed in the writings of the Fathers; a patristic scholar. rare.
c1810Coleridge in Lit. Rem. (1838) III. 279 So great a scholar, so profound a Patrician, as Jeremy Taylor was. a1834Ibid. (1839) IV. 47 Luther was no great Patrician.
B. adj. Of, belonging to, or composed of the patricians of ancient Rome: see A. 1. Opp. to plebeian a.
1620Barret Ded. Southwell's Poems 70 Sulpitius, a Gentleman of Patrician blood. 1713Addison Cato i. i, His horse's hoofs wet with Patrician blood. 1841W. Spalding Italy & It. Isl. I. 59 The power thus vested in the senate truly belonged to the patrician order; because the senate was originally composed entirely of that class. 1879Froude Cæsar viii. 85 He had a patrician disdain of mobs and suffrages and the cant of popular liberty.
b. gen. Of or belonging to the Patricians in Italian or German cities, etc.; of noble or high birth or rank; noble, aristocratic. Opp. to plebeian.
1615Chapman Odyss. Ep. Ded., Let Death then reave My life now lost in our patrician loves. 1617Moryson Itin. iii. 193 In free Cities, here the Patritian Order, there the common people, and otherwhere both with mixed power gouerne the City. 1820Byron Mar. Fal. ii. i. 75 You have strange thoughts for a patrician dame. 1830J. G. Strutt Sylva Brit. 143 The dignity of ages afforded by the Oak, that truly patrician tree. 1853Lytton My Novel xii. xxxiii, His handsome countenance, his patrician air.
c. Applied to various aristocratic or non-popular parties in later times.
1812Gen. Hist. in Ann. Reg. 205/2 The patrician body of troops..turned out the whole of their officers from the barracks. 1860Motley Netherl. (1868) II. ix. 3 The Earl in his quarrels..with the patrician party rapidly forming against him in the States.
Hence paˈtricianate, bad form for patriciate; paˈtricianhood, the condition or rank of a patrician; also, patricians collectively; paˈtricianism, patrician quality, style, or spirit; also, patricians collectively; paˈtricianly adv., in a patrician manner, aristocratically; paˈtricianship = patricianhood.
1859Hobhouse Italy II. 225 It was the endeavour of the people and nobles to deprive Leo III. of all temporal power, that made him apply to Charlemagne, and merge both the republic and the *patricianate in the imperial title of the Frank.
1885A. Forbes Souvenirs Continents, Amer. Society 226 In Virginia,..there was a good deal of ancestral *patricianhood.
1826Blackw. Mag. XIX. 123 To claim it at the feet of *Patricianism. 1864Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. i. (1873) 230 Honest dice, uncogged by those three hoary sharpers, Prerogative, Patricianism and Priestcraft.
1893Gunter Miss Dividends 117 Trying to take her *patricianly gloved hand in his.
1824Blackw. Mag. XVI. 266 Estimating the patriziato, or *patricianship—an aristocracy of a different kind..from that of feudal nobles—as the most powerful and enlightened party. 1867Freeman in Stephens Life & Lett. (1895) I. 376 Burghership and patricianship being hereditary.
▪ II. paˈtrician, n.2 Ch. Hist.
[ad. L. (pl.) Patrīciānī, f. the name of their founder, Patricius, preceptor of Symmachus the Marcionite.]
A member of a heretical sect which arose in the fourth century, and held that the substance of the flesh was the work of the devil, not of God.
1659Howell Vocab. x, The Patricians, Heronians, Proclianits. 1727–41in Chambers Cycl. |