| 释义 |
▪ I. pattern, n.|ˈpætən|
Forms: α. 4–8 patron, (5 patroun, 4–6 patrone). β. 6 patarne, 6–7 -erne, -ern, patterne, 6– pattern. γ. 6 patten.
[ME. patron, a. F. patron, which still means both ‘patron’ and ‘pattern’. In 16th c. ˈpatron, with shifted accent, evidently began to be pronounced (ˈpatrn, ˈpatərn) as in apron |ˈeɪpərn|, and spelt patarne, paterne, pattern. By 1700 the original form ceased to be used of things, and patron and pattern became differentiated in form and sense.]
1. a. ‘The original proposed to imitation; the archetype; that which is to be copied; an exemplar’ (J.); an example or model deserving imitation; an example or model of a particular excellence.
αc1369Chaucer Dethe Blaunche 910 Truely she Was her chefe patron of beaute, And chefe ensample of al her werke. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lxxxviii. 31 O! towne of townes, patrone and not compare: London, thou art the floure of Cities all. 1581J. Melvill Diary (1842) 114 An exemple and patron of guid and godlie order to uther Nationnes.
β1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Mark x. 64 These haue in them an ensample of innocencie and simplicitie, after the patarne wherof, proude malicious persones must be forged a newe. 1587Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1344/1 His gouernement, which he would fashion out after the paterne of his predecessors and great vncles. 1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, v. v. 23 She shall be..A Patterne to all Princes liuing with her, And all that shall succeed. a1745Swift Portr. fr. Life Wks. 1841 I. 768/1 A housewife in bed, at table a slattern; For all an example, for no one a pattern. 1870E. Peacock Ralf Skirl. III. 183 A pattern of the domestic virtues.
γ1570Levins Manip. 61/10 Látten, aurichalcum. A Pátten, prototypon. [Cf. Ibid. 82/6 A Pasterne..A Paterne, prototypon,..A Tauerne.]
†b. transf. An image. Obs. rare.
1582Stanyhurst æneis ii. (Arb.) 49 Vlisses Attempted lewdly fro the church to imbeazel an holy Patterne of Pallas.
2. a. Anything fashioned, shaped, or designed to serve as a model from which something is to be made; a model, design, plan, or outline.
α [1352in Brayley & Britton Westminster (1836) 183 To John Lambard, for two quatern' of royal paper for the painter's patrons 1s. 8d. Ibid. 185.] 1387Contract in Registr. Cart. Ecclesie S. Egidii de Edinb. (Bann. Cl.) 25 Voutyt on the maner and the masounry as the voute abovyn Sant Stevinys auter..the qwhylk patronne thay haf sene. Alsua..a wyndow with thre lychtys in fourme masonnelyke the qwhilk patrone thai haf sene. 1421Lett. Marg. Anjou & Bp. Beckington (Camden) 20 The fundament of youre chappell..wherof I send yow the patrone. c1440Promp. Parv. 386/1 Patrone, forme to werk by. 1481in Eng. Gilds (1870) 321 As hit apereth by patrons of blacke paper in our Comen Kofer of record. 1526Tindale Heb. viii. 5 For take hede..that thou make all thynges accordynge to the patrone [1611 paterne] shewed to the in the mount. 1551Recorde Pathw. Knowl. i. Def., Thereof doe masons, and other worke menne call that patron, a centre, whereby thei drawe the lines [etc.].
β1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. (1586) R ij, Those that you haue taken vp wilde, and be well framed, and proporcioned, according to my paterne. 1594Hooker Eccl. Pol. i. ii. §5 That Law which hath been the Pattern to make, and is the Card to guide the World by. 1606Chapman Gentleman Usher Plays 1873 I. 316 He was a patterne for a Potter, Fit t' have his picture stampt on a stone Jugge. 1644Direct. Publ. Worship 19 A Patern of Prayer. 1838Lytton Alice ii. ii, That proper orders should be..transmitted..with one of Evelyn's dresses, as a pattern for..length and breadth. 1878Jevons Prim. Pol. Econ. iv. 37 Almost all the common things we use now..are made by machinery, and are copies of an original pattern.
fig.1611Shakes. Wint. T. iv. iv. 393 By th'patterne of mine owne thoughts, I cut out The puritie of his. 1655tr. Com. Hist. Francion i. 8, I promise to shape my assistance by the Patterne of your commands.
b. A model or design in dressmaking, spec. a paper pattern from which material for a garment can be cut out and sewn together.
1792Jane Austen Catharine in Wks. (1954) VI. 207, I expect a new Cap from Town... Every Body will be longing for the pattern. 1811― Sense & Sens. I. xxi. 281 Taking patterns of some elegant new dress. 1890–1T. Eaton & Co. Catal. Fall & Winter 52/1 Ours is the only store in Toronto where you can get Butterick's dress patterns. Ibid. 52/2 By means of a system invented..by the Buttericks, each pattern is graded to suit every size in which it is furnished. 1911O. Onions Widdershins 183 A mass of tissue-paper patterns and buckram linings. 1964McCall's Sewing ii. 15 Without patterns, home-sewing would probably be a lost art... Not every pattern style will look equally well on everyone. 1974D. Kyle Raft of Swords vi. 60 The women sew mini-dresses from McCall patterns.
3. Founding.
†a. A matrix, a mould. Obs.
b. A figure in wood or metal from which a mould is made for a casting.
1508Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. IV. 109 Item, for making of ane patroun to cast gun pellokis in, iij s. 1821Tredgold Ess. Cast Iron (1824) 10 In making patterns for cast iron, an allowance of about one-eighth of an inch per foot, must be made for the contraction of the metal in cooling. 1875Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) II. 471 Before metals can be cast..patterns must be prepared of wood or metal, and then moulds constructed of some sufficiently infusible material capable of receiving the fluid metal. 1884C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts Ser. iii. 18/1 The workman places the plaster statuette, which is now his ‘pattern’, on a bed of soft moulding-sand.
†4. Something formed after a model or prototype, a copy; a likeness, similitude. Obs. rare.
α1557N. T. (Genev.) Heb. viii. 5 Priestes serve unto the patrone and shadowe of heauenly thynges. 1709Berkeley Th. Vision §141 Visible figures are patrons of, or of the same species with, the respective tangible figures represented by them.
β1570Homilies ii. Wilful Reb. iii. F j b, The rebels them selues are the very figures of feends and deuyls, and their captayne the vngratious paterne of Lucifer & Satan, the prince of darknesse. 1611Bible Heb. ix. 23 It was there⁓fore necessary that the patternes [Wyclif saumpleris, Tindale—Genev. similitudes, Rheims examplers] of things in the heauens should bee purified with these, but the heauenly things themselues with better sacrifices then these. 1714Steele Lover 15 Feb. (1723) 4 Mr. Severn has at this time Patterns sent him of all the young Women in Town.
5. ‘A specimen; a part shown as a sample of the rest’ (J.); a sample. Also fig.
1644G. Plattes in Hartlib's Legacy (1655) 252 If..I could have his knowledge of that seed, a pattern of it, and..ten or fifteen pound weight of it by, or before April. 1648–60Hexham Dutch Dict., Een Stael ofte Monster, a Patron or a Proofe of any marchandize or wares. a1745Swift (J.), A gentleman sends to my shop for a pattern of stuff; if he likes it, he compares the pattern with the whole piece, and probably we bargain. 1752Young Brothers iii. i, For thee, Demetrius, did I go to Rome, And bring thee patterns thence of brothers love. 1829Lytton Devereux ii. i, A tailor, with his books of patterns just imported from Paris.
6. An example, an instance; esp. a typical, model, or representative instance, a signal example.
1555W. Watreman Fardle Facions Pref. 12 The first paternes of mankind (Adam and Eue). 1612Bp. Hall Contempl., O.T. ii. iii, What a liuely patterne doe I see in Abraham..of a strong faith. 1704Swift T. Tub Apol., It is another pattern of this answerer's fair dealing. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) V. 249 Instead..of descending into a minute discrimination of every species, let us take one for a pattern, to which all the rest will be found to bear the strongest affinity. 1822Lamb Elia Ser. i. Mod. Gallantry, The only pattern of consistent gallantry I have met with.
†7. A precedent, an instance appealed to. Obs.
1588Shakes. Tit. A. v. iii. 44 A patterne, president, and liuely warrant, For me..to performe the like. 1595― John iii. iv. 16 Well could I beare that England had this praise, So we [the French] could finde some patterne of our shame. 1630Earl of Manchester in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) I. 272 It would be a good pattern for other places. 1672Marvell Reh. Transp. i. 167 There is not a scold at Billins-gate but may defend herself by the patern of King James and Archbishop Whitgift.
8. a. A decorative or artistic design, as for china, carpets, wall-papers, etc.; hence, this design carried out in the manufactured article, fabric, etc.; style, type, or class of decoration, elaboration of form, or composition of parts.
1582Stanyhurst æneis i. (Arb.) 38 Of plate great cup⁓boords, thee gould embossed in anticque Patterns. 1758Johnson Idler No. 13 ⁋7 To direct their operations and to draw patterns. 1783Justamond tr. Raynal's Hist. Indies VIII. 235 Paris surpassed Persia in her carpets,..in the elegance of her patterns, and the beauty of her dyes. 1827Lytton Pelham xl, ‘Ah!’ cried I,.. ‘what a pretty Manchester pattern this is’. 1851D. Wilson Preh. Ann. (1863) I. ii. ii. 359 The forms and patterns of the various weapons. 1876Besant & Rice Gold. Butterfly Prol. i, The pattern of his check-shirt being larger.
b. transf. Applied to a style of figuring or marking of natural or fortuitous origin.
1849James Woodman vii, Forming a sort of pattern or figure inside and out. 1870Dickens E. Drood xii, The broken frames..cast patterns on the ground. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 937 In other cases, the lesions display a ‘pattern’. Mod. The patterns made by the frost on the window-panes. Butterflies of the same general type, but the markings showing different patterns.
c. fig. An arrangement or order of things or activity in abstract senses; order or form discernible in things, actions, ideas, situations, etc. Freq. with of, as pattern of behaviour = behaviour pattern (see behaviour 6), and as second element with defining word.
1901G. B. Shaw Admirable Bashville ii. i. 309 Fates That weave my thread of life in ruder patterns Than these. 1906C. S. Sherrington Integrative Action Nervous Syst. v. 176 (caption) The cutaneous fields of the ‘scratch-reflex’, the ‘flexion-reflex’, the ‘extensor-thrust’, are areas which in nowise fit in with the pattern of the cutaneous fields of the afferent spinal roots. 1915V. Woolf Voyage Out xxii. 366 According to him, too, there was an order, a pattern which made life reasonable, or, if that word was foolish, made it of deep interest anyhow, for sometimes it seemed possible to understand why things happened as they did. Ibid. xxiv. 385 Perhaps, then, everyone really knew as she knew now where they were going; and things formed themselves into a pattern not only for her, but for them, and in that pattern lay satisfaction and meaning. 1922Joyce Ulysses 562 Arabesquing wearily, they weave a pattern on the floor. 1927E. O'Neill Marco Millions iii. 152 The young boys and girls take up their censers and dance their pattern out backward, preceded by the musicians. 1933H. G. Wells Shape of Things to Come iii. §6. 301 Old habits of thought, old values, old patterns of conduct. 1933T. S. Eliot Use of Poetry 88 There is something integral about such greatness, and something significant in his place in the pattern of history. 1936Nature 18 Jan. 87/2 In these sections..there are interesting analyses..of the technological and economic patterns observable in material culture. 1936A. Huxley Olive Tree 290 Our habits are not those of the Romans, Greeks and Hebrews... Patterns of behaviour change. 1937― Ends & Means iii. 22 Every culture is full of arbitrary and fortuitous associations of behaviour-patterns, thought-patterns, feeling-patterns. Ibid. 23 Thought-patterns, feeling-patterns and action-patterns..have seemed in their time inevitable and natural. 1945T. S. Eliot What is a Classic? 32 Each literature has its greatness, not in isolation, but because of its place in a larger pattern, a pattern set in Rome. 1951J. M. Fraser Psychol. iii. xx. 236 Different patterns of relationships will develop according to what kind of task the group happens to be engaged in. 1956A. C. Guyton Textbk. Med. Physiol. xlvii. 591 Sensory impulses from the eyes, the ears, the proprioceptors, etc.,..assess whether or not the nail is being hammered and, if not, change the pattern of movement so that it will be hammered. 1956B.B.C. Handbk. 1957 115 Reference has already been made..to the pattern of viewing by those having sets equipped for both BBC and ITA programmes. 1958Spectator 30 May 692/1 A study..of the patterns of marriage. 1958Listener 12 June 964/1 How the railways ought to behave in fixing the pattern of their charges. 1958Spectator 8 Aug. 204/1 The pattern of supply is constantly changing. 1959H. Gardner Business of Crit. ii. iii. 148 Both a study of the patterns of images, and their part in the structure of a poem, and the knowledge of ideas, theories, and beliefs current in a period are of great value as tools in an interpreter's hands. 1968P. B. Weiz Elem. Zool. viii. 123/2 A given external stimulus usually leads to the completion of several or many simultaneous reflex responses, all occurring as a single, integrated pattern of activity. 1976Sci. Amer. Jan. 96/2 The limited evidence on other mammals suggests a different pattern of evolution.
d. Linguistics. A discernible order or arrangement in some branch of language, esp. in phonology.
1921E. Sapir Language iii. 56 Every language, then, is characterized as much by its ideal system of sounds and by the underlying phonetic pattern (system, one might term it, of symbolic atoms) as by a definite grammatical structure. 1926Germanic Rev. I. i. 49 The Indo-European consonant pattern differed radically from that of Sanskrit. 1933L. Bloomfield Language 136 The structural pattern leads us to recognize also compound phonemes. 1935G. K. Zipf Psycho-Biol. of Lang. v. 195 The only difference between a pattern and a configuration is that the former is the more generic and collective term. One infers the nature of speech-patterns from the exemplifications of the patterns, i.e. the configurations of speech-elements. 1951Language XXVII. 295 This explicit talk about the fact of patterning makes possible the distinction between the grammar (specific pattern) and grammaticalness (degree of patterning) of language. 1960Language Learning X. i. 59 No two languages have the same set of patterns of pronunciation, words, and syntax. 1963C. Fries Linguistics & Reading ii. 67 The habits of pronunciation that the child develops in learning his native language are not habits of producing and hearing the separate sounds as isolatable items in individual words but rather habits of patterns of functioning contrasts in the unique structured system of a particular language. 1968Chomsky & Halle (title) The sound pattern of English. 1972M. L. Samuels Linguistic Evol. xiii. 160 Noticeable in the Middle and Early Modern periods is the start of a new pattern of quantitative gradation in the verb.
e. Physiol. A particular sequence or arrangement of nerve impulses, in time and space, that is correlated with a particular sensation.
1947W. E. Le Gros Clark Anat. Pattern 7 The multiple nerve fibres approach the spot from different directions through the cutaneous nerve plexus, so that stimulation of a sensory spot gives rise to nerve impulses which reach the central nervous system by different routes, and thus lead to some specific pattern of excitation there. 1955Brain LXXVIII. 586 There has been a revulsion from the..idea of the nervous system as a telephone exchange, and this has found one expression in the suggestion that a specific cutaneous sensation results when the brain receives from the skin impulses which make up a characteristic pattern. 1961T. L. Peele Neuroanat. Basis Clin. Neurol. (ed. 2) xix. 448 A ‘touch’ pattern requires more large fibers than a ‘pain’ pattern. 1969Melzack & Wall in K. H. Pribram Brain & Behav. II. 145 The pattern theory proposed by Weddell and Sinclair, then, fails as a satisfactory theory of pain. 1975― in M. Weisenberg Pain i. 12/1 There can no longer be any doubt that temporal and spatial patterns of nerve impulses provide the basis of our sensory perceptions.
9. A specimen model of a proposed coin, struck by a mint, but not subsequently adopted for the currency. Distinguished from a proof.
1837Penny Cycl. VII. 330/1 Henry VIII struck some patterns for a silver crown; but the first crown for currency was struck by Edward VI. 1879H. Phillips Notes Coins 12 A fine Gothic pattern crown of Queen Victoria never adopted for the national coinage. 1903Westm. Gaz. 15 June 8/2 A pattern farthing of 1661 was sold at Sotheby's on Saturday for {pstlg}78.
10. A sufficient quantity of material for making a garment, esp. a dress; a dress-length. U.S.
1847in Webster.
11. Gun-making. The marks made by the shot from a gun on a target, in respect of their closeness together and evenness of distribution within a certain radius from the central point.
declared pattern: a statement by the maker of the number of pellets a shot-gun will deliver and distribute within a given radius under specified conditions, as in quot. 1892.
1859‘Stonehenge’ Shot-Gun and Sporting-Rifle i. ii. 14 So much depends on the pattern made at thirty and forty yards by the gun intended to be used. Ibid. iii. i. 175 A gun can only be made to combine a certain amount of strength with regularity of pattern. Ibid. 176 They shall give such a pattern on the target as will prevent the escape of a partridge or grouse. 1881Greener Gun 303 Sportsmen cannot attach too much importance to regular and uniform patterns, especially in pigeon shooting, where one thin pattern will probably cause a shooter to lose a match. 1892― Breech-Loader 124 When a gun is said to make a pattern of 200, it means that 200 is the average number put within a circle 30 in. in diameter on the target, the butt of the gun being forty yards..from the target, the load being 3 drams of black powder, or the equivalent in nitro powder, and 11/8 ounces of No. 6 shot, 270 to the ounce (304 pellets to 11/8 ounces), which is called the standard load, and originated at the Field Gun Trials of 1875, when the charge of shot was first counted. Ibid. 140 Sportsmen seem slow to grasp the fact that pattern is the all-important factor in the killing range of the gun. 1886Badminton Libr., Shooting I. 98 The coarse grain burns evenly all along the barrel, and hence gives a better pattern in regard to the shot. 1961C. Willock Death in Covert ii. 34 Pattern..is the spread of the shot. 1972Shooting Times & Country Mag. 1 July 14/2 The more the manufacture of shotgun ammunition is influenced by the needs of competitive clay pigeon shooting, the more it will repay game and pigeon shooters to check that they are not getting unduly close patterns. 1976Shooting Mag. Dec. 52/2 A new game cartridge,..features the exclusive Monowad, claimed by the manufacturers to deliver up to 10 per cent more pellets inside the pattern.
12. In Ireland, A patron saint's day; the festival of a patron saint; hence transf. the festivities with which it is celebrated: cf. patron n. 5 c.
1745Season. Adv. Protest. 19 The Papists will squander their Substance at Fairs and Patterns. 1827Hone Every-day Bk. II. 383 The usual fair day or ‘patron’, or, as it is usually pronounced, pattern or patten, is a festive meeting to commemorate the virtues of a patron saint. 1892Spectator 22 Oct. 560 ‘Patterne’..primarily meant the day of the patron saint. Then it came to mean the dance on the festival day, and now is used of a dance on any holiday. 1893W. C. Borlase Age Saints Cornwall 44 Observances practised in the names of Patrick, or Bridget, or Delcan..on their pattern or festival days.
13. a. attrib., passing into adj. Serving as a pattern or model; typical, archetypal; ‘ideal’, ‘model’. Sometimes hyphened to following n.
1809–12M. Edgeworth Vivian iii, I..never set myself up for a pattern man. 1828P. Cunningham N.S. Wales (ed. 3) II. 272 This pattern-convict is now in the service of a dissenting clergyman in the colony. 1840J. Buel Farmer's Companion 24 The average annual profit of the pattern⁓farm. 1849C. Brontë Shirley xxii, Two pattern young ladies, in pattern attire, with pattern deportment. 1880M. E. Braddon Barbara xvi, He felt himself a pattern father.
b. attrib. and Comb., as pattern-cutter, pattern discrimination, pattern-engraver, pattern girl, pattern paper, pattern-quality, pattern recognition, pattern ring, pattern store, pattern suit, pattern tile, pattern trade, pattern-work, etc.; pattern-like, pattern-phrased adjs.; pattern-wise adv.; pattern baldness, baldness in which there is a gradual loss of hair in accordance with a characteristic pattern, as in the receding hair-line that commonly occurs in men as they grow older; pattern body rare, a dress pattern taken from an existing dress; pattern-bomb v., to bomb a target from aircraft according to a prescribed pattern in order to obtain maximum effect; so pattern-bombing vbl. n.; pattern book, (a) a book of (industrial) patterns or designs, as of fabrics, lace, wall-papers, etc.; also transf. and fig.; (b) a blank book of cardboards to hold patterns; pattern-box Weaving, (a) a box containing several shuttles, any one of which may be sent along the ‘shed’ as required by the pattern in colour-pattern weaving, a shuttle-box; (b) ‘the box perforated for the harness-cards in the Jacquard loom’ (Knight Dict. Mech. 1875); pattern card, (a) a sample-card (of cloth, etc.); also, a book of such cards, a pattern-book; (b) Weaving, in a Jacquard attachment = card n.2 10; also fig. and attrib., as pattern-card cutter, pattern maker, pattern mounting, etc.; pattern-chain Weaving, a device for bringing the shuttles automatically from the pattern-box to the picker in the required sequence; pattern congruity Linguistics, conformity to the structure of a language, esp. the phonological structure; pattern-cylinder, ‘a means of operating the harness of a loom by means of a cylinder with projections which come in contact in due order of time with the respective levers which work the shed’ (Knight); pattern darning, a type of embroidery in which darning stitches are used to form a design, freq. as a geometric background; also pattern darn; pattern-designer, -drawer, a workman who designs or draws patterns; so pattern-designing, pattern-drawing; † pattern-line, in earthworks, a narrow bank of earth whose height serves as a guide for raising a piece of ground: cf. line n.2 20; pattern-maker, one who makes patterns; spec. (a) ‘one who arranges textile patterns for weaving’ (Simmonds Dict. Trade 1858); (b) Founding, one who makes patterns for iron castings; so pattern-making; pattern-moulder, ‘a designer and maker of patterns for cast-iron foundries’ (Simmonds); pattern-paper, the paper from which a pattern (sense 2 b) is made; pattern practice, in learning a foreign language, intensive repetition of its distinctive constructions and patterns; pattern-reader = pattern-maker (a); pattern-room = pattern-shop; pattern setter, (a) a workman or workwoman who decides upon the manner of filling up a lace or other pattern already designed and stamped; (b) anyone or anything that establishes a pattern or precedent; so pattern-setting adj.; pattern shop, that part of a factory or foundry in which patterns are prepared; pattern variable Sociol., a term used by Talcott Parsons in his attempt to define social action as the choice between five main dichotomous patterns of behaviour; also attrib.; pattern-welding, a technique used by the Anglo-Saxons for forging sword blades; also, a piece of pattern-welded metal; so pattern-welded a.; pattern-wheel, (a) a count-wheel (see count n.1 9) or locking-plate, whose notches determine the striking of a clock (Knight); (b) = pattern-cylinder; (c) ‘a pricking-wheel for marking out a pattern’ (Funk's Stand. Dict. 1895).
1916Jrnl. Heredity VII. 349/2 Congenital baldness must not be confused with *pattern baldness. 1956C. Auerbach Genetics in Atomic Age 16 The so-called pattern-baldness of men is due to a mutated gene which acts most effectively on the background of a male constitution. 1974Jrnl. Clin. Endocrinol. & Metabolism XXXIX. 1012/1 Androgens may paradoxically cause male pattern baldness in individuals with a genetic predisposition.
1819M. Edgeworth Let. 28 Jan. (1971) 165 The gown..is made by the very best dressmaker in Paris by a *pattern body which I got my dear Fan to take from a gown of yours.
1943Jane's All World's Aircraft 23a/1 The air targets could be *pattern-bombed so that a bomb fell in every area of 50 square yards. 1944Britannica Bk. of Year 770/1 Pattern-bomb,..to bomb, from a number of aircraft, in such a way that the relative position of the craft determines the ‘pattern’ of the bombs when they strike, so as to cover the target in a desired manner. 1947Sun (Baltimore) 29 Mar. 2/2 Sending a fleet of jetpropelled planes from the Kurile islands (north of Japan) to pattern-bomb all of America.
1940War Illustr. 5 Jan. 555 (caption) Wellingtons preparing for ‘*pattern bombing’. 1941E. C. Shepherd Mil. Aeroplane 4 Anti-aircraft fire can..break up the formations so that mass bombing or pattern bombing becomes impossible. 1948E. Waugh Loved One 78 You couldn't really get away from the war even there. The ladies didn't seem to have a mind for anything higher than pattern-bombing. 1973Times 6 June 19/5 It was subjected to air bombardment..by a process of deliberate and sustained ‘pattern bombing’ which wiped out the little town.
1774N. Cresswell Jrnl. 7 Apr. (1925) 9 Spent the evening with Mr. Longsdon, who gave me a *pattern Book and desires me to do some business for him. 1821P. Egan Real Life in London I. vi. 91 And was followed by a servant with pattern-books, the other apparatus of his trade. 1846[see East-end]. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Pattern-book, a book with designs for selection. 1876J. Haslem (title) Old Derby China Factory..facsimiles copied from old Derby pattern books. 1950E. H. Gombrich Story of Art x. 141 It was in the thirteenth century that artists did occasionally abandon their pattern book altogether. 1959Times 5 Nov. 15/2 Mr. Busch knows his job..but his people are pattern-book and never suprise. 1978Cadogan & Craig Women & Children First viii. 165 Lorna moves in a world of Women's Institute whist-drives..and Weldon's pattern books.
1773J. Wedgwood Let. 21 Nov. (1965) 155 Voyer's Seals are sad trash, but Boden & Smiths were mounting half a Groce of them..to be sent..as *Pattern Cards. 1821P. Egan Life in London ii. i. 136 Mr. Primefit, of Regent-street, was..ordered to attend upon Mr. Hawthorn, with his pattern-card, to take orders. 1822W. Irving Braceb. Hall (1823) I. 98 [Commercial travellers] changing the lance for a driving-whip, the buckler for a pattern card. 1847Mrs. Sherwood in Life vi. (1854) 95 Pictet Pere was the very pattern-card of an old French courtier. 1851in Illustr. Lond. News (1854) 5 Aug. 119/2 Occupations of People..Pattern-card maker. a1904Mod. Advt., Pattern Card Mounters, Cutters, and Gummers wanted. 1881[see beveller]. 1970G. Heyer Charity Girl i. 17, I shall attend Hetta's wedding... I daresay Hetta will be better off with her pattern-card.
1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1637/2 The *pattern-chain..has links of varying hight, which, as they pass beneath the roller on lever I, raise it to a greater or lesser hight..and so bring the required shuttle in position to be struck by the picker.
1934Language X. 124 The criterion of *pattern congruity. Particular formulations must be congruous with the general phonemic pattern of the given language. 1941Ibid. XVII. 229 That /č, ǰ, s̆, ž/ are unit phonemes appears partly from their distribution.., partly from their behavior in clusters... There may be some dialects in which they can be analyzed as /tj, dj, sj, zj/ respectively, but considerations of pattern congruity make this unlikely. 1964E. Bach Introd. Transformational Gram. viii. 178 It seems natural to identify simplicity with the number of symbol tokens..in the grammar. We would exclude from our count symbols of metatheory..and count as single symbols..the primes of the various parts of the grammar. This consideration seems to underlie many statements about ‘pattern congruity’ and the like.
1906Mrs. A. H. Christie Embroidery & Tapestry Weaving ix. 197 The second kind is called *pattern darning; in it the stitches are picked up in some regular order, so that they form various geometrical patterns over the surface. Ibid. 199 Samplers..may be seen entirely filled with these pattern darns. 1915M. Symonds Elem. Embroidery xii. 138 Pattern darning is also used for backgrounds, in which cases the linen..should be strong but not woven too closely. 1932D. C. Minter Mod. Needlecraft 14/1 Pattern darning..consists of the regular picking up of threads in such a way as to cover a background of a design with a pattern. 1967E. Short Embroidery & Fabric Collage i. 34 Bead embroidery must give a raised texture, shadow work or pattern darning a relatively smooth surface.
1851in Illustr. Lond. News (1854) 5 Aug. 119/2 *Pattern-designer, -cutter. 1899Mackail Life W. Morris I. 78 Morris was a pattern-designer and decorator.
1881W. Morris (title) Some Hints on *Pattern-Designing. Ibid. 1 By..pattern-design,..I mean the ornamentation of a surface by work that is not imitative or historical; at any rate, not principally or essentially so.
1951S. S. Stevens Handbk. Exper. Psychol. xx. 764/2 So far we have dealt only with *pattern discriminations: the capacity to tell the difference between a triangle and a circle or between an upright triangle and an inverted triangle, and so on.
1756Rolt Dict. Trade, *Pattern-Drawer, is a person employed in drawing patterns for silk weavers, callico-printers, embroiderers, lace⁓workers, quilters [etc.]. 1823J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 48 The Kaleidoscope..an assistant to pattern-drawers of every description.
1864A. McKay Hist. Kilmarnock 249 He has become skilled in *pattern-drawing.
1890W. J. Gordon Foundry 171 There is a wide gap between an ordinary mill-hand and a *pattern-engraver.
1838Syd. Smith Let. to Ld. J. Russell Wks. 1859 II. 299/1 They preserve a childish and *pattern-like uniformity in Cathedrals.
1712J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 106 These *Pattern-Lines may be from twelve Inches to two Foot broad.
1851C. Cist Sk. Cincinnati in 1851 xv. 297 He engaged in the foundry..as *pattern-maker. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Pattern-maker, Pattern-reader. 1881Young Every Man his own Mechanic §37 [Alder] works very smoothly, and is much used by turners and pattern-makers.
1881Young Every Man his own Mechanic §623 *Pattern-making..is rather an important branch of the wood-working art. 1895Model Steam Engine 95 Beeswax, melted and mixed with brick⁓dust, is very useful in pattern-making, to stop up holes, cracks, &c. 1934C. Lambert Music Ho! iii. 143 We must not think, however, that the modified internationalism of the eighteenth century is any more a permanent and integral part of musical tradition than the objective pattern-making of the period. 1937H. Read Art & Society i. 23 But from the normal point of view we have to explain..the almost complete atrophy of the artistic impulse in man—at least the disappearance of the individual work of art in an undifferentiated mass of pattern-making as monotonous as the standardized products of our own machine age.
1926J. Masefield Odtaa iii. 59 She picked up some *pattern-paper..snipped it with scissors..and then shook it out as a sort of cape or shawl of lace.
1879Geo. Eliot Theo. Such xv. 264 The safe and *pattern-phrased style [of literary criticism].
1944C. Fries Intensive Course in Eng. for Latin-Amer. Students VI. 1 A..class hour is given to the ‘*pattern practice’ and drill. Ibid. 2 (heading) Pattern practice in conversation. 1948Language Learning I. i. 27 This type of completely oral pattern practice approximates the language activity involved in free conversation while..it provides the concentrated practice of simple imitation. 1960N. Brooks Language & Lang. Learning iv. 49 Pattern practice, which opens the door to analogy, may be called the antithesis of paraphrasing.
1932H. H. Price Perception viii. 243 AB..is a sensible complex... It means also that the complex AB has a certain characteristic which we may call sensible *pattern-quality. 1938R. G. Collingwood Princ. Art x. 233 A new pattern-quality emerging from a particular way of combining psychical experiences. 1976Shooting Times & Country Mag. 16–22 Dec. 14/2 It is not a high-velocity cartridge: a type which, in certain guns, so often gives hostages to fortune in the shape of pattern quality, so vital for satisfactory full-range work.
1959Proc. Eastern Joint Computer Conf. 225/1 These appoaches prove..to center upon analysis of the specific characteristics of patterns into parts, followed by a synthesis of the whole from the parts. In these studies, *pattern recognition of the whole, that is, Gestalt recognition, was chosen as a more fruitful avenue of approach. 1964J. Z. Young Model of Brain xix. 312 There is every reason to think that similar arrangements are an essential part of the pattern-recognition systems of the brain. 1970O. Dopping Computers & Data Processing xi. 173 Automatic recognition of characters is a special case of a more general problem, called pattern recognition. 1974W. R. Adey et al. Brain Mechanisms & Control of Behav. xi. 474 There has been a very earnest search for computer methods of pattern recognition. 1976Gloss. Documentation Terms (B.S.I.) 47 Pattern recognition, machine-sensing or identification of visible patterns.
1867Criminal Chronol. York Castle 111 Thomas Stearman..a *pattern-ring maker.
1844G. Dodd Textile Manuf. vii. 224 When the stamper has imprinted on the net the outlines of the device, a ‘*pattern-setter’ decides on the manner in which the pattern shall be filled up. 1899W. James Talks to Teachers 213 We, here in America, through following a succession of *pattern-setters whom it is now impossible to trace,..have at last settled down collectively into what, for better or worse, is our own characteristic national type. 1902― Var. Relig. Exper. i. 6 It would profit us little to study this second-hand religious life. We must make search rather for the original experiences which were the pattern-setters to all this mass of suggested feeling and imitated conduct.
1973Tucson (Arizona) Daily Citizen 22 Aug. 2 The UAW has made good use of the ‘strike target’ strategy it dreamed up in 1955 to put added pressure on one auto company to agree to a *pattern-setting contract.
1878Harper's Mag. Apr. 648/1 Here is the great hall of the *pattern shop fragrant with new wood. 1916‘Taffrail’ Pincher Martin xiv. 256 Before joining the destroyer he had been at the College at Dartmouth, teaching the naval cadets their business in the pattern-shop. 1964S. Crawford Basic Engin. Processes (1969) x. 234 A finished component drawing is sent to the pattern shop providing all essential information.
1900Electr. Rev. (U.S.) 17 Aug., Our *pattern stores, which were built next the wall, were completely demolished.
1704Lond. Gaz. No. 4062/8 A *Pattern-Suit, to contain Five Yards of Cloth, dark⁓grey..;..a Pattern-Shirt..; a Pattern Hat.
1899Mackail Life W. Morris II. 43 *Pattern tiles, chiefly meant for use in fireplaces, went on being produced.
1951Parsons & Shils Toward Gen. Theory Action ii. 48 The *pattern-variable scheme defines a set of five dichotomies. Any course by any actor involves (according to theory) a pattern of choices with respect to these five sets of alternatives. 1959D. Martindale in L. Gross Symposium Sociol. Theory ii. ii. 76 In explaining this surprise, Parsons is led to assign importance to all sorts of factors not even mentioned in his set of pattern variables. 1964I. L. Horowitz New Sociol. 15 The long trek from an action context to a paradigm for describing all types of action in a four-part pattern variable is no better..than Hegel..ending with..the perfect equation of Reason equating itself.
1948H. Maryon in Proc. Cambr. Antiquarian Soc. XLI. 76 The welding of these swords represents an excessively difficult operation. I do not know of finer smith's work... I have named the technique ‘*pattern welding’... Examples of pattern-welding range in date from the third century to the Viking Age. 1956Nature 29 Dec. 1432/2 (caption) Modern pattern-welded sword: experiment No. 7. Ibid., Welding also came to be used successfully..in delicate work, involving the ‘piling’ of many sheets into a composite laminate, and developing into pattern-welding. Ibid. 1433/1 Most pattern-welded swords are so corroded that..[metallographic study] is not possible. 1962H. R. E. Davidson Sword in Anglo-Saxon England i. 25 The ninth-century sword from the Palace of Westminster..had a pattern-welded blade. Ibid. 29 A means of re-using old strips of pattern-welding from worn swords to make a new blade. Ibid. 30 Short swords made by the pattern-welded technique. Ibid. 32 By the ninth century the art of pattern-welding was on the decline. 1964H. Hodges Artifacts v. 88 In this process, known as pattern welding, case-hardened bars of iron were piled or faggotted white hot and forged. 1975Anglo-Saxon England IV. 179 The technique of pattern-welding died out during the tenth and eleventh centuries.
1878Geo. Eliot Coll. Breakf. P. 93 Not any letters of the alphabet Wrought syllogistically *pattern-wise.
1902Westm. Gaz. 29 Nov. 3/1 He had designed some of the best *pattern-work of our time.
Add:[2.] c. Angling. A design on which an artificial fly is modelled; hence, a fly of a particular design.
1886F. M. Halford Floating Flies ii. 7 In some instances it has been found necessary to illustrate patterns requiring feathers which are very scarce. 1931Hardy's Anglers' Guide (ed. 53) 63 We have had many successful days using these flies when the ordinary patterns would have been useless. 1961A. C. Williams Dict. Trout Flies (ed. 3) ii. 156 The various patterns designed to imitate it [sc. the dark sedge] are all useful suggestions of any of the darker-coloured sedges. 1979Angling July 8/1 My friend tied on a Grey Moth, the only moth pattern we had between us. 1988Salmon, Trout & Sea-Trout June 19/3 These patterns have been extremely successful for me and I have caught sea-trout, brown trout and rainbow trout on them.
[c indigo][8.] f.[/c] Amer. Football. A pre-arranged play, as one involving a pass by the quarterback to a receiver or a hand-off by the quarterback to a running back; hence, the team formation for such a play. Also transf. in other sports. Chiefly U.S.
1954J. Moore in Major Sports Techniques Illustr. ii. 156/1 A team's offensive patterns are designed to carry the threat of a run, pass or kick. 1957Bateman & Governall Football Fundamentals i. 15 Ideal organization of the bench provides for a team statistician familiar with..the squad's offensive and defensive patterns. 1966G. Plimpton Paper Lion xvii. 169 He was very often the last man back in the huddle, not because he had a longer way to come from running a deep pass pattern [etc.]. 1972Even. Telegram (St. John's, Newfoundland) 23 June 16/1 ‘He threw all types of patterns extremely well,’ Devine said after watching Starr work out at the club's practice field. 1981J. Lehane Basketball Fundamentals ii. 97 The coach should know his personnel very well as he selects the pattern to be used (for example, two-three, three-two, one-three-one, one-four). 1988L. Wilson Amer. Football v. 78/2 In the pattern shown..the quarterback's primary target is the flankerback running a 5-out.
▪ II. ˈpattern, v.
Also 6–7 patern, patterne.
[f. prec. Cf. F. patronner (1437 in Hatz.-Darm.).]
I.
†1. trans.
a. To make a pattern for; to design, sketch, plan. Obs.
1581Sidney Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 34 That way of patterning a Common-wealth was most absolute, though hee [Sir T. More] perchaunce hath not so absolutely perfourmed it.
†b. To be a pattern for; to give an example or precedent for; to prefigure. Obs.
1588Shakes. Tit. A. iv. i. 57 See, see, I such a place there is,..Patern'd by that the Poet heere describes, By nature made for murthers and for rapes. 1593― Lucr. 629 When patternd by thy fault fowle sin may say, He learnd to sin, and thou didst teach the way. 1603― Meas. for M. ii. i. 30 When I, that censure him, do so offend, Let mine owne Iudgement patterne out my death, And nothing come in partiall. 1654R. Boreman Panegyr. Dr. Combar 2 A duty, which is patterned to us by the practice of Heathens, Jewes, and Christians in all ages.
2. a. To make (something) after a pattern or model, or according to some fashion; to model, fashion. Const. after, on, upon; † also by, from, to.
1608Hieron Defence ii. 151 The Lord doth teach us to patterne our obedience to the holy Angels. 1665Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 163 [A temple] patterned from that which Adam reared in Paradise. 1875Whitney Life Lang. xii. 249 All the rest of the language should come to be patterned after that model. 1890Cassell's Fam. Mag. Apr. 301/1 He has patterned his conduct on the example of his father.
†b. to pattern out: to work out or construct according to some pattern. Obs.
1599B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. v. iii, For men, by their example, pattern out Their imitations. 1641Milton Reform. i. Wks. (1851) 10 Judge whether that Kings Reigne be a fit time from whence to patterne out the Constitution of a Church Discipline.
3. To match, to parallel, to equal; to compare (a person or thing to, with another). Obs. or arch.
a1586Sidney Arcadia ii. (1590) 109 The likenesse of our mishaps makes me presume to patterne my selfe vnto him. 1589Nashe Almond for Parrat 19 Such a packet of male and female professors, as the world might not patterne. 1611Shakes. Wint. T. iii. ii. 37. 1622 Wither Mistr. Philar. Juvenilia (1633) 609 By her self must therefore she, Or by nothing pattern'd be. 1843Syd. Smith Let. Amer. Debts Wks. 1859 II. 327/2 History cannot pattern it.
4. To take as a pattern; to imitate, copy. rare.
1601Dolman La Primaud. Fr. Acad. (1618) III. 735 The fire here beneath doth aptly patterne him. 1641Milton Ch. Govt. i. iii. Wks. (1851) 110 This very word of patterning or imitating excludes Episcopacy from the solid and grave Ethicall law. 1827Hood Mids. Fairies lvi, So the spider spins, And eke the silk-worm, pattern'd by ourselves. 1901Dundee Advertiser 23 Apr. 4 The Highland Board has ‘patterned’ the Irish method in buying and allocating pure-bred animals.
†5. To exemplify, afford an example of. Obs.
1606G. W[oodcocke] Hist. Ivstine xxiii. 86 To patterne and manifestly shew in him, the frailties that man's life is subiect vnto. 1620Ford Linea V. in Ined. Tracts (Shaks. Soc.) 48 Whatsoeuer..in those..collections is inserted to patterne and personate an excellent man.
6. intr. To take example (by something). Also (U.S.), const. after, to take (someone or something) as a model or example (absol. use of sense 2). Now rare.
18..Mrs. Dodge Tale of Thanks 14 (Funk) Not a charm of earth or sky But comes for my girl to pattern by. 1878J. H. Beadle Western Wilds xxii. 356 That was a nice family for us Americans to pattern after, wasn't it? 1884‘C. E. Craddock’ In Tennessee Mts. i. 4 They dunno what he patterned arter.
II.
7. a. trans. To work or decorate with a pattern, to work over with artistic designs; also transf. to adorn with light and shade, or with variegated marking or colouring. to pattern out: to lay out in a pattern.
1857Ruskin Pol. Econ. Art ii. (1868) 120 But we let the walls fall that Giotto patterned. 1862W. W. Story Roba di R. vii. (1863) I. 155 One of the Roman kitchen-gardens, patterned out in even rows and squares of green. 1877A. B. Edwards Up Nile xxi. 659 The same kind of cartonnage, patterned in many colours on a white ground. 1880Blackmore Mary Anerley II. v. 94 Patterned with the same zigzag. 1898Mrs. H. Ward Helbeck 397 The damson trees were all out patterning the valleys.
b. To order or arrange (a number of things) into a pattern; to design or organize (something) for a specific purpose. Also intr., to form or cast a pattern (rare).
1931W. Stevens Harmonium 133 A pale silver patterned on the deck And made one think of porcelain chocolate And pied umbrellas. 1967Boston Sunday Herald 14 May ii. 13/2 (Advt.), The s.s. Rotterdam..patterned for epicures,..art connoisseurs, and other bon vivants. 1967Times Rev. Industry July 89/1 Organisations tend to be patterned for a variety of reasons. 1971J. Z. Young Introd. Study Man iii. 47 The essence of the operation that we call coding is that events patterned in one medium are made to correspond to events patterned in another. 1972Where Feb. 40/1 The borders of the new jigsaw are becoming clear, even if we haven't found and patterned all the pieces yet. 1977Sci. Amer. Sept. 124/3 The uppermost layers of integrated circuits are formed by depositing and patterning thin films.
c. intr. Linguistics. To make, fall into, or form part of a pattern (pattern n. 8 d).
1942Amer. Speech XVII. 147 They pattern congruently with the similarly distributed varieties of /p/ and /k/. 1951Trager & Smith Outl. Eng. Struct. ii. 53 The distributional gaps are often found to pattern as if they were themselves partials with phonemic content. 1963Amer. Speech XXXVIII. 53 Most natural languages, including English, do not pattern on the finite-state model, which cannot handle certain regular processes of sentence formation. 1965Word Study Feb. 7/2 We should distinguish between prepositions (which always have an object, occasionally elliptical) and verbal particles (which pattern with transitive and intransitive verbs alike). 1971D. Crystal Linguistics 89 The way words pattern in sequences to form sentences.
8. intr. Of a gun: To distribute the shot in a pattern: see pattern n. 11.
Hence ˈpatterner, one who draws or composes patterns.
1889Standard 13 May 3/1 Human emotion—the force which a mere patterner of spaces, a mere contemner of ‘subjects’, would banish from pictorial art—plays a great part in the piece. |