| 释义 |
▪ I. pavilion, n.|pəˈvɪljən|
Forms: 3–5 pauilon, -un, (pauy-, paue-, pauey-, -lon, -loun, -lun, -lown(e), 4–5 pauilioun, 5–7 -ion, (5–6 pauy-, paue-, -lio(u)n, -lyo(u)n, -lyun, -leon(e, -llion, -llyon, -lleon), 5–6 pauillon, (-yllo(u)n, -eillon, pafelioun, pauvilon), 6–8 pavillion, 7 pavilloun, 7– pavilion. β. Sc. 4–5 pailȝeoun, -yeoun, 5–6 pailȝo(u)n, -ȝown, palȝon, 6 pailȝeon; paill-, pallie-ȝ(e)oun; palȝoun(e, -ȝeo(u)n, -youn, -ione; pallioun, -ion(e; pallieȝieoun, paylion.
[ME. a. F. pavillon, OF. paveillun (12th c.), ‘tent, pavilion, canopy’, also ‘standard’:—L. papiliōn-em ‘butterfly, moth’, transf. ‘tent, pavilion’ (Lampridius a 1300), ‘a similitudine parvi animalis’, Papias; in Pr. papallo, pabalho, pav-, Cat. pabello, pav-, Sp. pabellon, It. padiglione. The Sc. forms arose from vocalization and loss of the v.]
I.
1. a. A tent: chiefly applied to one of a large or stately kind, rising to a peak above.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 1116 Þe emperour adde ipiȝt his pauilons [v.rr. pauelon, -ylon]. a1300Cursor M. 8195 (Cott.) Ilkan to sett þair pauilun [v.rr. pauelyun, -ylion, -yloun]. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) III. 169 Cirus sette his pauilouns wiþ ynne þe lond. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xxvi. 121 Þai cary þaire housez with þam apon cartes, as men in oþer cuntreez duse tentes and pafeliouns [MS. Cott. pavyllouns]. 1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 129 Al the campany of the londe wolde not Suffice har tentes and Paueillons to Piche. 1481Caxton Reynard xxvi. (Arb.) 59 He hath gunnes, bombardes, tentes and pauyllyons. 1535Coverdale 1 Kings xx. 12 Whan Benadab herde yt (euen as he was drynkinge with the kynges in y⊇ pauylion). 1600J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa iii. 165 His owne great tent is pitched in a fower square forme like vnto a castle... This royal pauilion hath fower gates. 1604E. G[rimstone] D'Acosta's Hist. Indies iv. vi. 220 This mountaine..resembling perfectly the fashion of a pavilion, or of a sugar loafe. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 54 A mile from this Towne we see threescore blacke Pauillions... These are a people, who live wholly in Tents, and obserue the customes of the Tartars. 1774Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry (1840) I. Diss. iii. p. cxc, The royal pavilion, or booth, which stood in the fair about 1280. 1851Layard Pop. Acc. Discov. Nineveh iv. 65 Amongst them rose the white pavilions of the Turkish irregular cavalry. 1870Bryant Iliad I. ix. 269 Atrides brought the assembled elder chiefs To his pavilion.
β1375Barbour Bruce xi. 139 Sum lugit without the townys In tentis and in palȝeownys. Ibid. xix. 542 That thai the pailȝownys mycht ma To fall on thaim that in thaim war. c1470Gol. & Gaw. 312 Thai plantit doun ane pailyeoun, vpone ane plane lee. 1501Douglas Pal. Hon. ii. xliv, Law in the meid ane Palȝeoun picht I se, Maist gudliest, and richest that micht be. a1590Montgomerie Mindes Melodie Ps. xix. 18 There he a throne Set for the sunne, And paylion pight, his mansion to abide. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. vii. 4 Edward..cumis in Scotl. with ane armie, and stentis his palliounis att Renfrow. a1700Battle of Otterburn xv, They lighted high on Otter⁓bourne, And threw their pallions down.
b. Her. A tent as a heraldic bearing.
1725Coats Dict. Her. s.v., The Pavillions as we generally represent them are round at the Top,..as we see in the Company of Merchant Taylors of London. 1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v., The pavillion consists of two parts: the top, which is the chapeau, or coronet; and the curtain which makes the mantle.
†c. A canopied litter. Obs.
1656W. D. tr. Comenius' Gate Lat. Unl. §439. 127 Closely covered a litter; borne up above ground, a sedan; having a delicate cover besides, a pavillion. 1703Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1732) 127 A large Pavilion of black Silk, pitch'd upon the back of a very great Camel, and spreading its Curtains all round about the Beast.
2. fig. Anything likened to a tent.
1535Coverdale 2 Sam. xxii. 12 He made darknes his pauylion rounde aboute him, thicke water in the cloudes of y⊇ ayre. a1586Sidney Arcadia i. (1590) 9 b, Flowers, which being vnder the trees, the trees were to them a Pauilion, and they to the trees a mosaical floore. 1726Pope Odyss. xix. 516 The warm pavilion of a dreadful boar. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 134 ⁋8 The call..of conscience will pierce the closest pavilion of the sluggard. 1822–56De Quincey Confess. (1862) 269 The blue pavilion stretched over our heads.
II. In transferred or technical uses, chiefly from French.
†3.
a. A covering or canopy. Obs.
1381in Eng. Gilds (1870) 233 [A] palyoun [of cloth of gold]. c1468[see pavilion v. 1 b]. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. ii. xxii. 60 b, This vessel thus garnished is..couered with a rich pauillion of veluet or crimson satten set with gold and siluer.
†b. The velarium or awning of an amphitheatre.
1730A. Gordon Maffei's Amphith. 320 Workmen, who..went to the top of the Building, to manage the Curtain or Pavilion. Ibid. 347 This Pavilion was called Vela, or Velarium by the Latins.
4. A French gold coin struck by Philip VI of Valois in 1329, the obverse of which represented the king seated under a canopy or pavillon. Also applied by collectors to the royal d'or, struck by the Black Prince for use in Guienne, etc.
1755Ducarel Anglo-Gallic Coins v. (1757) 25 A Royal or Pavillion..the prince appears bare-headed under a magnificent pavilion. 1837Penny Cycl. VII. 331/1 Edward the Black Prince added the hardi of gold and the pavilion. 1894C. F. Keary in S. Lane Poole Coins & Medals v. 111.
†5. An article of apparel worn by lawyers; ? a gown or cloak. Obs.
1393Langl. P. Pl. C. iv. 452 Shal no seriaunte for þat seruyse were a selk houe, Ne pelour in hus paueylon [v.r. pauiloun; B. iii. 294 no pelure in his cloke] for pledyng at þe barre.
6. A light ornamental building or pleasure-house, such as those common in parks and public gardens, used generally for purposes of temporary shelter; also, a building attached to a cricket, football, or other ground, for the convenience of spectators and players.
The name is also sometimes given to a building appropriated to purposes of amusement. The Marine Pavilion at Brighton was begun in 1784 as a summer seaside residence for the Prince of Wales, afterwards George IV; it is now used as a museum and place of entertainment.
1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. i. 23 On the side of the Port, over against Galata, there is a Kiousk or Pavillion upon the Key. 1695Motteux St. Olon's Morocco 72 That Palace..consists of a great number of Pavillions, or small distinct Buildings. Ibid. 76 Some little Pavillions or Summer-Houses,..in each of which is a Fountain and a Watering-place for Horses. 1748Lady Luxborough Lett. to Shenstone (1775) 38 My pavilion, when almost finished, was pulled down again in part, to add to it a shrine for Venus. 1753Richardson Grandison (1781) III. xxviii. 295 The Marchioness came to them..from one of the pavillions in the garden. 1766Entick London IV. 449 [Description of rotunda in Vauxhall-gardens.].. The pavillions or alcoves are ornamented with paintings... Each pavillion has a table in it, that will hold six or eight persons. 1799Times 1 June 3/4 The colours..were presented..to the corps in Lord's cricket ground... After the military ceremony was over, the Earl and Countess..partook of a cold collation provided for them in the pavillion. 1823Byron Juan xiv. lxxxiii, Shut up—no, not the King, but the Pavilion, Or else 'twill cost us all another million. 1853F. Gale Public School Matches 10 All of a sudden the bell from the Pavilion strikes up, and the ground is gradually cleared. 1856Emerson Eng. Traits, Stonehenge Wks. (Bohn) II. 127 We..came down into the Italian garden and into a French pavilion, garnished with French busts, and so, again to the house. 1872Builder 1 June 424/3 The proposed new pavilion at the Trent Bridge cricket-ground, Nottingham. a1873Lytton Pausanias i. i. (1876) 30 In the centre of the deck was a wooden edifice or pavilion having a gilded roof and shaded by purple awnings. 1891W. G. Grace Cricket 207 The handsome pavilion which was recently built [at Lord's]... It is capable of accommodating 3,000 people.
7. a. A projecting subdivision of a building or façade, distinguished by more elaborate decoration, or by greater height and distinction of sky-line, forming a connecting part, an angle, or the central feature of a large pile.
c1676Wren in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) II. 534 The building next the court with the pavillions for the stairecases. 1721New Gen. Atlas 207 Each Corner of this main Building has a fair Pavillion, one for the Governor's Lodging and Council-Chamber. 1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v., Pavillions are sometimes also projecting pieces, in the front of a building, marking the middle thereof.—Sometimes the pavillion flanks a corner, in which case it is called an angular pavillion. 1901Russell Sturgis Dict. Archit. II. Pl. 27 (s.v. Louvre) The whole front including the end pavilions, is nearly 600 feet long.
b. One of the several detached or semi-detached blocks or buildings into which a hospital is sometimes divided. (See 14, quots. 1885, 1903.)
1858F. Nightingale Notes on Hospitals (1859) 8 The example which France and Belgium have lately set us of separating their hospitals into a number of distinct pavilions. 1863Ibid. (ed. 3) iii. 56 By a hospital pavilion is meant a detached block of building, capable of containing the largest number of beds that can be placed safely in it, together with suitable nurses' rooms [etc.]. 1864E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene 298 The hospitals are to be formed by detached buildings, or pavilions arranged in line, or side by side. 1938Amer. Speech XIII. 228/1 A ward is a unit or division in the hospital, often called a floor, pavilion, or by the number or letter under which it is listed. 1973Lancet 7 July 33/1 Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh.
c. Bee-keeping. ‘The middle hive in a collateral system’ (Cent. Dict. 1890).
†8. A flag or ensign, esp. the flag carried by a ship to indicate her nationality. Obs.
1661Chas. II in Julia Cartwright Henrietta of Orleans (1894) 111 Certainly never any ships refused to strike their pavilion when they met any ships belonging to the Crowne of England. 1696Phillips (ed. 5), Pavilion,..the Flag of a General Officer in a Fleet. 1778J. Adams Diary 29 Mar., Wks. 1851 III. 113 The pilot says war is declared, last Wednesday, and that the pavilions were hoisted yesterday at every port and lighthouse.
†9. Bot. The spreading part of the corolla of a flower; the vexillum or standard in a papilionaceous flower. Obs.
1730Martyn in Phil. Trans. XXXVI. 386 The Musa is a Liliaceous Plant, with a monopetalous, irregular Flower,..composed of a Tube, which is filled with the Ovary, and a Pavilion divided into several Lobes, and forming a kind of Mouth. 1796H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) II. 108 You distinguish in them [papilionaceous flowers] a pavilion, two wings, and a ridge.
10. The part of a brilliant-cut diamond between the girdle and the collet.
1751D. Jeffries Treat. Diamonds (ed. 2) Explan. Techn. Terms, Pavilions are the under sides and corners of the Brilliants and lie between the girdle and the collet. 1875Ure's Dict. Arts II. 25. 1889 Century Dict. s.v. Brilliant, The girdle..forms the junction-line between the upper part, called the crown, and the lower part, called the pavilion.
11. Anat.
a. The pinna or auricle of the ear.
1842Dunglison Med. Lex. s.v., The Pavilion of the Ear is seated behind the cheeks, beneath the temple and anterior to the mastoid process. 1854–67C. A. Harris Dict. Med. Terminol., Pavilion of the ear, the expanding portion of the ear.
b. The fimbriated extremity of a Fallopian tube.
1857Bullock Cazeaux' Midwif. 66 The existence of supernumerary pavilions, or fimbriated extremities, upon the same tube. 1893in Syd. Soc. Lex.
12. = pavillon.
1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1642/1 The insertion of the hand into the pavilion of the French horn regulates the inflection of the sounds.
13. Chinese pavilion, a musical instrument consisting of little bells attached to a frame which are rung by striking the staff of the frame on the ground.
1837Encycl. Brit. (ed. 7) XIV. 617 The Chinese pavilion, the triangle [etc.] are almost entirely confined to military music, though..sometimes used in theatrical orchestras.
14. attrib. and Comb., as pavilion place, pavilion principle, pavilion room, pavilion system; pavilion-maker; pavilion-like adj., pavilion-wise adv.; pavilion-bed, a bed with a pavilion-roof or canopy, a tent-bed; pavilion-facet, any one of the four largest facets in the pavilion of a brilliant-cut diamond; pavilion-roof, ‘a roof sloping or hipped equally on all sides’ (Gwilt's Archit. 1876); † pavilion-tow, Sc., a tent-rope.
1704Lond. Gaz. No. 4033/4 A *Pavilion Bed of strip'd Worsted Stuff.
1632Lithgow Trav. x. 429 There Fabrickes are aduanced three or foure yardes high, *Pauillion-like incircling. 1900Colquhoun ‘Overland’ to China viii. 173 In the red lacquered pillars, curved roofs, and pavilion-like character of the buildings.
1624Webster Monuments Hon. Wks. (Rtldg.) 366/2 John of Yeacksley, King Edward the Third's *pavilion-maker.
1594Battell of Balrinness in Scot. Poems 16th C. (1801) II. 350 He said, ere he should ceass The standing stonnes of Strathbolgie Schould be his *palione place.
1885Manch. Exam. 6 July 5/4 The new hospital is built on the *pavilion principle.
1903Daily Chron. 15 Oct. 5/1 The *pavilion system—of which St. Thomas's is the only example in London—is..the ideal.
a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 175 [He] desyrit thame to tak ane of his awin *pallieȝoun towis..and bind his handis.
1725De Foe Voy. rd. World (1840) 237 Beds, made *pavilion-wise, after the Spanish custom.
▪ II. pavilion, v.|pəˈvɪljən|
[f. prec. n.]
1. trans. To set or place in or as in a pavilion; to enclose in or as in a pavilion; to canopy.
13..K. Alis. 2038 Daries folk is all ordeynt, And y-pavylounded in a pleyn. 1715–20Pope Odyss. xx. 9 Thus pavilion'd in the porch he lay. 1804J. Grahame Sabbath (1808) 105 The moon Pavilioned in dark clouds. 1818Keats Endym. ii. 56 A wild rose tree Pavilions him in bloom. 1839Sir R. Grant Hymn, ‘O worship the King’ i, Our Shield and Defender, The Ancient of Days, Pavilioned in splendor And girded with praise.
†b. To cover (a dish): cf. pavilion n. 3. Obs.
c1468in Archæol. (1846) XXXI. 335 Apone the saide table xvi dishes, every dishe pavilioned, one every pavillion a penon of armes. And whan the Duke was sett, the tentes and pavilions were takine from the messes.
2. To furnish or set (a field, etc.) with pavilions.
1667Milton P.L. xi. 215 The field Pavilion'd with his Guardians bright. 1824New Monthly Mag. X. 494 The pavilioned shores of the Thames.
Hence paˈvilioned ppl. a.
1795J. Fawcett Art of War 5 See yon pavilion'd Council sitting round. 1824[see 2]. |