| 释义 |
▪ I. pease, n.|piːz|
Forms: 1 pise, (piose), 1, 4–5 pyse, 4 peose, 4–6 pese, peese, pees, 5 pes, Sc. pess, 5 (6 Sc.) peise, 6 Sc. peis, 6–7 peaze, 5–8 (9 arch.) pease; 6 pees, peas (also 7– in comb., and as pl. of pea1). pl. α. 1 pisan, pysan, 2–6 pesen, 4 peosen, -un, 4–5 pesyn, 5 pesone, 5–6 peson, 6 peesen, peasyn, (paysen), 6–8 (9 dial. and arch.) peasen, peason. β. 4 peses, -is, 6 peeses. γ. 5–6 pese, 6– pease (as in sing.).
[OE. pise (piose, pyse) wk. fem., pl. pisan, a. L. pisa (pl. -æ), late collateral form (4th c. in Palladius) of pisum, pl. pisa, a. Gr. πίσον, earlier πίσος, pulse, pease. In ME. pēse, pl. pēsen; 16th c. pease, pl. peasen, peses, pease. Through this reduction of the pl. to pēse, pease (identical with the sing.), which became at length in pronunciation equivalent to pēs, peas, the final sibilant was c 1600 taken for the plural s (z), and a new singular pea1 arose, q.v.]
A. Illustration of Forms.
1. Singular.
c725Corpus Gloss. (O.E.T.) 1208 Lenticula, piose. c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 190 Sum pyse cyn hatte lenticulas. c1050Cotton Cleop. Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 432/25 Lenticula, pise. 13..K. Alis. 5959 A pese nys worth thi riche slaunder. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. vii. 155 A wastour..countede pers at a peose [1377 B. vi. 171 pees] and his plouh boþe. c1380Sir Ferumb. 5847 By Mahoun y nolde ȝyue a pyse, for cryst ne al ys myȝte. 1390,c1400Pese [see B. 2]. 1483Cath. Angl. 273/1 A Peise, pisa. 1530Palsgr. 158 Vne poyx, a pees. 1580, etc. Pease [see B. 2]. 1614Raleigh Hist. World i. iv. §2 Of the bigness of a great Peaze.
2. Plural (and collective).
αc725Corpus Gloss. (O.E.T.) 1586 Pisum, piosan. c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 180 Pisan..ᵹesodena on ecede and on wætre. c1200Vices & Virt. 43 To eten benen and pesen. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. vii. 176 A potful of peosun. Ibid. 285 Poretes, and Peosen. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 648 Cleopatra, He pouryth pesyn vp on the hachis. c1420Liber Cocorum (1862) 45 Take boyled water..Sethe in þy pesone. 1523in Visit. Southwell (Camden) 121 My tuffall of paysen. 1533Elyot Cast. Helthe ii. (1541) 25 b, Peasyn are muche in the nature of beanes. 1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. 90 To take up peasen out of y⊇ potte. 1545Pesen [see B. 2]. 1553,1573Peson [see B. 1]. c1578Frobisher in Proc. Rec. Comm. (1833) 561 But one hoggsed of rottyn pesons wch hogges wolde not eytte. 1777Poor Robin (N.), Cherries, gooseberries, and green peasen. 1829Hone Poor Humphrey's Cal. May, This month Mackarel comes in season; And also reckon upon peason. 1880Browning Pietro of Abano xliii, A taste..which—craving manna—kecks at peason.
β1377Langl. P. Pl. B. vi. 189 A potful of peses. c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 71 Pesis ben divers from whete. c1532G. Du Wes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 915 Peeses, pois.
γc1400Mandeville (1839) xi. 129 Thare groweth..ne benes, ne pese. Ibid. (Roxb.) xxvi. 123 Þai hafe nowþer peise ne wortes. c1420Liber Cocorum (1862) 19 Take whyte pese and wasshe hom wele. c1440Alph. Tales (E.E.T.S.) 241 If ye fynd þar cale & peas & benys, & no noder meatt. 1479Acta Dom. Concil. (1839) 46/1, iiij bolle pess. 1508Dunbar Flyting w. Kennedie 115 Thow lay full prydles in the peise. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §10 Thy beanes..wolde ranker grounde than pease. Ibid. §12 Two busshels of gray pees. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. i. 89 Sum vset breid of ry,..sum of peise or beanes. 1681[see B. 2]. 1849H. Stephens Bk. Farm I. 2456 Pease are sown by hand.
B. Signification. The earlier form of pea1, q.v.
1. The plant, pea1 2. With defining word, applied also to other leguminous plants, as everlasting pease, etc.: see pea1 3.
c1000[see A. 1]. c1380[see A. 2 β]. 14..Metr. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 625/13 Ordium, faba, pisa, [glossed] barlyche, beene, pyse. c1425Voc. ibid. 664/22 Hec pisa, pese. Hec faba, bene. 1481Caxton Myrr. ii. viii. 80 In this contree [Perse] groweth a pese which is so hoot that it skaldeth the handes of them that holde it. 1551Turner Herbal i. P iij b, The herbe whiche groweth in woddes..with floures lyke vnto a pease. 1553T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 54 It yeldeth nothing els but Wheate, Barley, Beanes, and Peason. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 182 Carauances or Indian Pease. 1676Grew Anat. Leaves ii. §9 The Leaves of Beans and Peasen. 1678Phillips (ed. 4) s.v., That sort called Pease Everlasting, hath a very fine flower or blossom. 1795Burke Th. Scarcity Wks. VII. 408 My ground under pease did not exceed an acre..but the crop was great.
2. a. A single seed, a pea (pea1 1). Obs. or arch.
Often used as a standard in comparison of size.
c1000,c1385[see A. 2 α]. 1390Gower Conf. II. 275 He wol ayeinward take a bene, Ther he hath lent the smale pese. c1400Mandeville (1839) xiv. 158 Men fynden summe [Dyamandes] as grete as a pese. 1545T. Raynalde Byrth Mankynde 69 Make pylles of them to the byggenesse of pesen. 1580Lyly Euphues Ep. Ded. (Arb.) 215 As lyke as one pease is to an other. 1632B. Jonson Magn. Lady v. v, I'll cleanse him with a pill, as small as a pease. 1649A. Ross Alcoran 406 A Pigeon being by him taught to come and pick a Pease out of his ear. 1678J. Phillips Tavernier's Trav. ii. xv. 183 A few flat Peason, bruis'd, and steep'd half an hour in water. 1681T. Flatman Heraclitus Ridens No. 37 (1713) I. 240 Rebellion and Witchcraft are as like as two Pease. 1713Derham Phys.-Theol. viii. vi. (1727) 387 note, It grows bigger, to the size of a large white Pease. 1885–94R. Bridges Eros & Psyche Sept. ix, A little bleb, no bigger than a pease.
†b. As a type of something of very small value or importance. Obs.
13..,c1380[see A. 1]. a1400–50Alexander 2370 Loke quare it profet þam a peese, all þaire proud strenth. 1534More Comf. agst. Trib. 11, Al our penaunce without Christes passion wer not worth a pease. c1550R. Bieston Bayte Fortune A iv, Not worthy two peason. 1598T. Bastard Chrestoleros (1880) 52 He learned Logicke and Arithmetique. Yet neither brauls nor ciphers worth a peaze.
c. green pease, † peasen = green peas: see pea1 1 b. Also the name of a variety green when ripe.
c1440Anc. Cookery in Househ. Ord. (1790) 426 Take yonge grene pesen, and sethe hom. 1496Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 166 Green pesyn at viijd the bussell. 1620Venner Via Recta vii. 133 There are three sorts of Pease.. the white-Pease, the gray-Pease, and the greene-Pease. The two first are vsually eaten greene before they be ripe. 1651–7T. Barker Art of Angling (1820) 4 About the bigness of a green pease. 1789Mrs. Piozzi Journ. France II. 191 Scarce have you tasted green pease or strawberries, before they are out of season. 1833H. Martineau Berkeley the Banker i. v. 98 They were quite used to pluck green pease.
†3. pl. The eggs or spawn of fishes: see pea1 4.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xiii. xxvi. (Bodl. MS.), Þe female leyeþ egges oþer pesen. Ibid., Alle þe egges oþer pesen [that] beþ itouched wiþ þe mylke of þe male schal be fisch.
†4. = issue-pea: see issue n. 16. Obs.
1694Salmon Bate's Dispens. iii. (1713) 718/2 Pisa Rubra, Red Pease... These are stronger than the former, and attract Humors more powerfully.
5. attrib. and Comb., as pease-bannock, pease-bloom, pease-blossom (also attrib.), pease-cart, pease-earth, pease-field, pease-haulm, pease-hull (pease-hole, pease-hele, pease-hule, hull n.1 1), pease-porridge, pease-pottage (also attrib.), pease-pudding, pease-rick, pease-stack, pease-swad; pease-fed, pease-like adjs.; pease-bolt = pease-straw (obs. or dial.); † pease-bread, bread made of pease-meal; pease-brose: see brose b; † pease-earthnut, the heath-pea; † pease-eddish, pease-etch, pea-stubble: see eddish 2, etch n.1; pease-hook = pea-hook (pea1 7); † pease-hooker = prec. (obs.); † pease-loaf, a loaf of pease-bread (obs.); pease-make, -meak (dial.), an implement with a long handle and a crooked iron at the end, used to pull up peas, = meak n.; pease-meal, meal made by grinding peas; also fig. a medley, ‘mess’ (quot. 1820); † pease-rise, -straw, -stubble = pea-rise, etc.: pea1 7. Also peasecod.
1824Scott St. Ronan's xvii, Breaking them [long fasts] with sour milk and *pease bannock.
1675Lister in Phil. Trans. X. 391 They call the second sort the *Pease-bloom Damp, because, as they say, it smells like Pease-bloom.
1590Shakes. Mids. N. iii. i. 189 Bot. Your name honest Gentleman? Peas. *Pease blossome. [1774: see pea-blossom s.v. pea1 7] .1807W. Irving Salmag. (1824) 355 Airing their..pease-blossom breeches.
1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 45 With strawisp and *peasebolt, with ferne and the brake, For sparing of fewel, some brewe and do bake. 1674Ray S. & E.C. Words 74 Pease-bolt, i.e. Pease-straw, Ess.
c1425Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 657/28 Panis pisacius, *pesbred. 1601Dent Pathw. Heaven 91 Hee [the covetous man] will eat pease bread, and drinke small drinke.
1811W. Aiton Gen. View Agric. Ayr 271 A few [late peas] are thrown in among the beans when sown broad⁓cast. They are..made into meal for a species of pottage called ‘*pease-brose’. 1861R. Leighton Rhymes & Poems (ed. 2) 12 ‘Pease Brose to dinner! brose alone! With neither boil nor stew! But say, what did you breakfast on?’ They answer ‘Pease Brose too.’ 1922R. Thomas Sandie McWhustler's Waddin' v. 52 He was sittin' in his sark sleeves an' suppin' his pease-brose. c1965Rebels Ceilidh Song Bk. No. 2. 15 It'll be pease brose again.
1593Nashe Four Lett. Confut. Wks. (Grosart) II. 232 They mounted into the *pease-cart in Cheape-side and preacht.
1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 550 Neither is it ever sown upon the fallowes, but upon the *Pease-earth.
1548Turner Names of Herbes 18 Astragalus..may be called in english *peaserthnut. 1693Robinson in Phil. Trans. XVII. 826 Lathyrus tuberosus, call'd..Pease-Earthnut, digg'd up and eaten by the poor People.
1804Duncumb Herefordsh. Gloss., *Peas-eddis, peas-stubble. 1886Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk., Pease-errish.
1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 47 White wheat vpon *peaseetch doth grow as he wold, But fallow is best.
Ibid. 45 Fat *peasefed swine.
1716B. Church Hist. Philip's War (1865) I. 31 They..got..unto the Fence of Capt. Almy's *Pease-field.
1432in Gross Gild Merch. II. 233 *Pesehalme 1d. 1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 197 Cover with dry Straw, or Pease-hame. 1858Glenny Gard. Every-day Bk. 223/2 Peas-haulm makes an excellent litter.
1674–91Ray S. & E.C. Words, Meag, or Meak, a *pease-hook. 1769De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. II. 209 They are now lost, or converted to other Uses, even literally to Plough-shares and Peas-hooks. [1833: see pea-hook s.v. pea1 7.]
1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 57 Then doe wee seeke out our *pease-hookers, grinde them [etc.].
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. vii. 194, I sette ȝowre patentes and ȝowre pardounz at one *pies hele! [v.rr. pese hule, peese hole]. 1664J. Wilson Projectors 111, From the Pease-Hulls in the Kennel, the Invention of Shiping. [1717–: see pea-hull s.v. pea1 7.]
1629Parkinson Parad. in Sole 338 Purplish *pease-like blossomes. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Lupin, The Pease-like Sort of Seeds. [1774–: see pea-like s.v. pea1 7.]
1362Langl. P. Pl. A. vii. 166 Hongur..beot so þe boyes, he barst neih heore ribbes, Nedde Pers wiþ a *peose lof I-preyed him to leue.
1765Chron. in Ann. Reg. 117/1 They fell upon [them] with such arms as they had, *pease-makes, hedge-stakes, etc. [1834: see pea-make s.v. pea1 7.]
1820Blackw. Mag. VII. 469 Nothing but a *peasemeal of clishmaclavers. [1830: see pea-meal s.v. pea1 7.] 1842J. Aiton Domest. Econ. (1857) 235 Give barley-meal or pease-meal, but not bean-meal.
1538Bale Thre Lawes 1566 They loue no *pese porrege, nor yet reade hearynges in lent. 1587Harrison England ii. vii. (1877) i. 172 Hewes..as..pease porrige tawnie. 1669Pepys Diary 7 Apr., This house being famous for good meat, and particularly pease⁓porridge.
1605R. Armin Foole upon F. (1880) 38 In Lent, when *pease pottage bare great sway. Ibid., Thus simple Iohn..dyed the inside of his pocket, pease pottage tawny. 1670Eachard Cont. Clergy 20 [He] had much better chuse to live with nothing but beans and pease-pottage.
1758Johnson Idler No. 33 ⁋20 *Pease-pudding not boiled enough. 1841J. T. J. Hewlett Parish Clerk I. 165 The roads were better, and not so much like peas-pudding.
1530Palsgr. 252/2 *Pease reke, pesiere. [1766: see pea-rick s.v. pea1 7.]
c1325Gloss. W. de Bibbesw. in Wright Voc. 154 Un warrok de peys, a *pese rys. [1780: see pea-rise s.v. pea1 7.]
1546–7Test. Ebor. (Surtees) VI. 254 The *pese stacke that I have bought.
c1325Gloss. W. de Bibbesw. in Wright Voc. 156 De pessas, *pese stree. 1580Tusser Husb. (1878) 134 Choose skilfullie Saltfish..goe stack it vp drie, With peasestrawe betweene it, the safer to lie. 1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm II. 375 An ox will eat pease-straw as greedily as he will hay.
1523Fitzherb. Husb. §34 In some places they sowe theyr wheate vppon theyr *pees stubble. [1807: see pea-stubble s.v. pea1 7.]
▪ II. † pease, v. Obs.
Forms: 3–5 paise(n, payse(n, 3–6 peyse(n, 4–5 pese(n, pees, 5 peese, (pesse), 5–6 pease, 6–7 peaze, (7 peece).
[ME. paise-n, a. OF. paise-r, paisie-r, f. pais, peace n.]
1. trans. To make peace between, reconcile (two persons, or one person with another).
c1275Lay. 8783 Þenche of mine neode And paise [c 1205 sæhtne] me wiþ Romleode. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 12029 Vor þis trespas He ȝef þe king tuelf hundred marc & ipaised was. a1300Cursor M. 17083 Ur blisced leuedi nu be And pais us wit þi suet sun. a1400–50Alexander 5362, I prai þe..pesse now my childire. Ibid. 5379 Þus ware þai bath pesed. 1485Caxton Chas. Gt. 215 He peased them & accorded. a1652Brome Mad Couple i. i. Wks. 1873 I. 2 He has..peec'd me with my Unkle.
b. intr. To make peace, be reconciled.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 3371 Þo he adde diȝt al þat he wolde & ypaised [v.r. paysed] wiþ is fon. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. vii. §17 The two Kings peaced againe, and setled a new..league.
2. trans. To quell the wrath or hostility of, to appease (a person); to satisfy, content. Also, to calm the feelings of, quiet, pacify.
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 12060 Shryfte..peseth God whan he ys wroþe. c1440Promp. Parv. 395/1 Peesyn, or styllyn of wrethe. 1480Caxton Chron. Eng. vii. (1520) 157/1 For to peas the comyns the Duke of Suffolke was exyled. 1526Tindale Matt. xxviii. 14 And yf this come to the rulers eares, we wyll pease him, and make you safe. 1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. John Pref. 5 Whiche doeth so peyse the minde that it be not tossed. 1561Norton & Sackv. Gorboduc iii. i, Their death and myne must peaze the angrie Gods.
3. To make satisfaction or amends for. rare.
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 5570 And þey mowe peyse here dedys ylle.
4. To reduce to peace, set at rest, still, quell, appease (strife, wrath, etc.). Also, to quiet, calm, still, pacify (sorrow or violent feeling).
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 97 Þus gate was þat werre pesed. c1386Chaucer Manciple's Prol. 98 (Harl. MS.) For þat wol torne rancour and desese To accord and loue and many rancour pese [so Corp., Lansd.; Ellesm. etc. apese]. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 427 b/2 To pease alle dyscordaunce and stryf. 1541Becon News out of Heaven Early Wks. (Parker Soc.) 49 Able to pease the divine wrath.
5. To reduce (a country or community) to a state of peace or tranquillity; to pacify.
c1340Cursor M. 8372 (Gött.) Þe kingriche..þu had gret malese For to stabil it and to pese [other MSS. in þin pes]. 1497Bp. Alcock Mons Perfect. C iij b, Obedyence..peasith all y⊇ worlde. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. V 70 (Art. Peace c. 7) That realme..to be defended, peased and gouerned after right and equitie.
6. To reduce to stillness or silence; to quiet.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 11549 When þe noyse was wel pesed. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 4320 He sal trobel the se..And pees it and make it be stille. c1450Ihesu, Mercy 113 in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 106 Ful gret clamour þan gon þou pese. 1526Tindale Acts xv. 12 The multitude was peased and gaue audience.
b. intr. (for refl.) To become still.
a1400–50Alexander 4159 Sone as þe wedire wex wele & þe wynde pesid.
Hence † ˈpeasing vbl. n. Obs.
c1275Lay. 11664 Þe wise of þisse londe Makede paisinge [c 1205 hustinge]. 1425Rolls of Parlt. IV. 268/2 For þe pesinge of diverse cleymes. c1440Promp. Parv. 395/1 Peesynge, or qwemynge, pacificacio. 1629Wotton Let. to Sir E. Bacon in Reliq. (1672) 445 The King of Spain, upon the peazing of his affairs in Italy..was resolved [etc.].
▪ III. pease
obs. f. peace, peise v. and n., piece. |