| 释义 |
Peléan, a. Geol.|pɪˈleɪən|
Also Peléean, Pelean, and with small initial letter.
[f. the name of Mount Pelée, a volcano on the island of Martinique, W. Indies, which erupted in this way in 1902: see -an.]
Of, pertaining to, or designating a type of volcanic eruption characterized by the lateral emission of nuées ardentes from a point of weakness in the flank and the vertical extrusion of very viscous lava in the centre which tends to become consolidated as a solid plug.
1903Anderson & Flett in Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A. CC. 499 We propose to adopt the term ‘A Peléan Eruption’ to designate this group of phenomena. 1934C. R. Longwell et al. Outl. Physical Geol. x. 189 The Peléean phase is the most violently explosive of all. Ibid. 191 The extraordinary features of a Peléean cloud are that it is emitted as a horizontal blast from beneath the lava plug in the summit of the volcano; that it carries with it an enormous amount of rock fragments, [etc.]. 1935Publ. Carnegie Inst. Washington No. 458. 97 The general morphological features of the Peléan summit are those of an ancient crater wall, remaining in place on all sides but one. 1938[see bread-crust bomb s.v. bread n. 10]. 1944C. A. Cotton Volcanoes xii. 183 The chief product of both Vulcanian and Pelean eruptions is ash. 1965A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. (ed. 2) xii. 310 There are nuée ardente eruptions that differ in certain fundamental ways from those described as Peléan. 1972G. A. Macdonald Volcanoes x. 226 Two of the greatest Peléean eruptions of recent years are those of Bezymianny, Kamchatka, in 1956, and Mt. Lamington, New Guinea, in 1951. 1976P. Francis Volcanoes iii. 116 The presence of such a dome is sometimes considered to be a characteristic feature of Peléean eruptions. |